A model for solar radio pulsations at short centimetric band

In this paper, the observed solar radio pulsations during the bursts at 9.375 GHz are considered to be excited by some plasma instability. Under the condition of the conservation of energy in the wave-particle interaction, the saturation time of plasma instabilities is inversely proportional to the initial radiation intensity, which may explain why the repetition rate of the pulsations is directly proportional to the radio burst flux at 9.375 GHz as well as 15 GHz and 22 GHz. It is also predicted that the energy released in an individual pulse increases with increasing the flux of radio bursts, the modularity of the pulsations decreases with increasing the flux of radio bursts, these predictions are consistent with the statistical results at 9.375 GHz in different events. The energy density of the non-thermal particles in these events is estimated from the properties of pulsation. For the typical values of the ambient plasma density (10⁹ cm^–3) and the ratio between the nonthermal and ambient electrons (10^–4), the order of magnitude of the energy density and the average energy of the nonthermal electrons is 10^–4 erg/cm³ and 10 kev, respectively. It is interesting that there are two branches in a statistical relation between the repetition rate and the radio burst flux in a special event on March 11–17, 1989, which just corresponds to two different orders of magnitude for the quasi-quantized energy released in these five bursts. This result may be explained by the different ratios between the thermal and the nonthermal radiations.     

塔里木东北缘坡十Ni矿化侵入体中橄榄石和铬尖晶石对成岩成矿及源区特征的约束

坡十Ni矿化超镁铁侵入体的矿化岩相主要为第二侵入期次的（斜长）单辉橄榄岩、（斜长）二辉橄榄岩、 纯橄岩等岩相。坡十超镁铁岩的橄榄石成分变化范围较大, 橄榄石的Fo值在76.8～89.6之间, Ni含量为767×10^-6～4 580×10^-6。铬尖晶石的Mg^#值和Cr^#值变化范围分别为19.4～41.9和49.8～64.8, 原生铬尖晶石中Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃表现为负相关, 蚀变改造的铬尖晶石则表现为正相关。橄榄石成分剖面显示坡十母岩浆处于一个动态的岩浆系统中, 成分稳定的新鲜岩浆的补给、 持续向上的动力及浅部橄榄石快速分离结晶,造成了不同深度橄榄石成分的不同变化。坡十侵入体母岩浆估算结果为MgO=14.49％, FeO=10.01％,模拟结果显示橄榄石中Ni含量的变化主要受橄榄石结晶分异和硫化物不混溶作用共同控制,其中橄榄石与硫化物熔体发生明显的Fe-Ni交换反应。坡十母岩浆中橄榄石分离结晶造成的硫饱和,是坡十硫化物熔离的重要因素。橄榄石高Fo值、母岩浆高MgO、超镁铁岩中斜长石发育、矿物高结晶温度和铬尖晶石成分的弧岩浆特征显示,塔里木东北缘坡十侵入体是俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的母岩浆的产物,表现出低压高温的演化特征,其中源区熔融机制可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱提供的热源或该区大规模拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌有关。     

气象信息微信公众服务平台设计与应用开发

为了进一步拓宽气象信息的发布手段和发布渠道,提升气象服务能力和水平,使社会公众能够便捷地获取到丰富的气象信息。研究依托天津滨海新区气象信息Web服务端,以微信为基础平台,应用Java编程语言、Oracle数据库,Hibernate和Spring框架等技术,通过对微信公众平台API进行开发,以图表、文字、GIS图等展现方式,开发了基于微信网络社区软件的公益气象信息服务平台。本研究充分利用了新型移动传媒发布气象信息的手段,实现了气象信息多形式服务于社会公众,可达到公众及时掌握气象信息的需求。     

环境场对西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强过程的影响

利用美国联合台风预警中心整编的西北太平洋1970—2012年热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据集及ERA-Interim再分析资料,利用极端天气法确定TC快速增强(RI)的阈值为30 kn,分析了快速增强(RI)TC的时空分布特征;从RI的样本中选取9个个例,采用动态合成分析法,对TCRI过程的环境场进行比分析。研究表明:(1)菲律宾群岛以东(10~15°N,130°E)海域为RI发生频数最多的区域,南海地区发生RI的情况明显偏少。(2)RI在1972年发生的概率最大,而在2005年发生的概率最小,1997年后,RI发生的概率波动性较大。(3)西风与西南风水汽输送结合150h Pa附近的反气旋强辐散作用,有利于TCRI过程的进行。(4)RI发生前24 h至RI发生后的6 h,TC中心附近区域平均东风切变较快增大,其值由0.5 m·s~(-1)增加到2.5 m·s~(-1)左右,之后保持在2.0~3.0 m·s~(-1),使TC处于一个有利于其RI过程的纬向风切变环境。     

Numerical experiments on the impacts of surface evaporation and fractionation factors on stable isotopes in precipitation

The isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model is applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation, amount effect and meteoric water lines (MWL) under four scenarios with different fractionation nature and surface evaporation inputs. The experiments are conducted under the same weather forcing in the framework of the water balance and stable water isotope balance. Globally, the spatial patterns of mean δ¹⁸O and global MWLs simulated by four simulation tests are in reasonably good agreement with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation observations. The results indicate that the assumptions of equilibrium fractionation for simulating spatial distribution in mean annual δ¹⁸O and the global MWL, and kinetic fractionation in simulating δ¹⁸O seasonality are acceptable. In Changsha, four simulation tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation. Compared with equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The alteration of stable isotopes in precipitation caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapour evaporated from the surface is opposite between cold and warm seasons. Four simulations all produce the amount effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slope of simulated amount effect is closer to the observed one than other scenarios. The MWL for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation.     

交流电弧直读发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的方法研究

本文建立了交流电弧直读原子发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的分析方法。以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3、碳粉为缓冲剂,Ge为内标,优选了分析线对,曝光时间为25s,同时扣除分析线和内标线背景。选取国家一级地球化学标准物质（GBW07103、GBW07104、GBW07107、GBW07312、GBW07302a、GBW07304a、GBW07305a、GBW07307a、GBW07406、GBW07446、GBW07454、GBW07456）作为标准系列,以对数坐标二次曲线拟合标准曲线,并采取两次平行分析取平均值的计算方法。方法检出限为:Ag:0011×10-6、B:054×10-6、Sn:019×10-6、Mo:0034×10-6、Pb:066×10-6,精密度为:Ag:401%～833%、B:377%～786%、Sn:294%～817%、Mo:303%～1094%、Pb:201%～1111%。经岩石、水系沉积物、土壤国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与认定值符合。本方法操作简便、工作效率高,是一种新的测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的分析方法,可推广应用于大批量地球化学样品的分析测试。