THE STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BOUNDARY LAYER OVER HILL TERRAIN

Taking advantage of the actual continuous materials of hilly area, we analyse the structures of the wind and temperature fields of planetary bounday layer over hill terrain under different weather conditions. As the results show that being similar to the situation in flat area, the planetary boundary layer has striking characteristics of daily variation and distinct regularity. We also find that in certain weather situation or under certain weather condition, these characteristics are principally determined by complex effect of such factors as the features of specific radiation field and intensity of turbulent exchange, and the advection of wind, and the thermodynamic effect of valley or lake-land, and the extending direction of valley, as well as difference between states of sunlessness and sunshine of the surface. Therein, the local environmental situation, where the reference station stands, is of considerable importance to the formation of the characteristics of planetary boundary over hill terrain (shortened as HTBL). These results not only help us to disclose the characteristics of planetary boundary layer over hill terrain in theory, but also are of great value in practice, like developing hilly area, and implementing environment conservation etc.     

SYSTEMATIC FORECAST ERROR IN U.S.NMC OPERATIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL

The distribution of monthly mean error of NMC model forecasts and its seasonal variation are investi-gated.The ratio of monthly mean error to standard deviation is used here to find out that the region where acorrection of systematic error is needed and appropriate is mainly in low latitudes.The improvement,afterthe model's vertical resolution and some physical parameters were changed from April 1985,is investigated,andthe NMC operational model forecasts have also compared with those of ECMWF.     

塔里木盆地西南坳陷中新统安居安组辫状河三角洲沉积

在塔里木盆地西南坳陷中新统安居安组中发现一套辫状河进积到内陆湖泊中而形成的辫状河三角洲沉积体。三角洲3层结构清楚，可明显地分为辫状河三角洲平原亚相、辫状河三角洲前缘亚相及前三角洲亚相3部分，可识别出7种微相。辫状河三角洲特征显著，明显有别于扇三角洲和曲流河三角洲。辫状河三角洲的主体是由含砾砂岩及中、粗粒砂岩组成的辫状河道砂坝及水下分流河道砂坝，单一砂坝呈下粗上细的透镜状，透镜体最大厚度为0．7～3．5m不等。垂向上许多砂坝透镜体相互叠置而成厚的砂体。三角洲中交错层理丰富，其中尤以水道砂坝侧向迁移加积而形成的侧积交错层异常发育为标志。辫状河三角洲砂体是重要的油气储集场所。     

气象要素场概率分布特征的模拟

本文在气象要素区域概率分布模型－锯齿波模型的基础上，通过最小二乘法，拟合了该模型产生的区域气象要素概率分布曲线，并使用得到的拟合函数，模拟了实际气象要素场阈值的概率分布，验证了该模型的有效性，模拟结果表明：模拟值和实际统计值吻合较好，从而可以通过使用拟合函数，由某要素单站概率较方便，准确地得出该要素在区域范围的概率分布特征。     

Environmental change and cultural response around 4200 cal. yr BP in the Yishu River Basin, Shandong

Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture–Dawenkou culture–Longshan culture–Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture (4600–4300 cal. yr BP), the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation in-tensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un-derdeveloped, simple and unsophisticated.     

山东沂沭河流域2000BC前后古文化兴衰的环境考古(英文)

Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture (4600-4300 cal. yr BP),the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation in-tensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un-derdeveloped,simple and unsophisticated.     

城市热岛时空特征及其影响因素

城市热岛强度呈周期性和非周期性交叉性时间变化,水平分布呈现单中心式、多中心、条状、辐射状、格网状等多种格局形式,同时具有明显的立体空间分布特征。城市热岛的形成原因及影响因素诸多,主要归纳为人为热量释放、下垫面性质和结构、植被减少、大气污染、城市格局、天气状况等。     

一种改进的输电线模型参数求解方法

架空输电线三维空间模型是机载激光雷达电力巡检的基础.针对现有模型参数求解方法噪声点敏感、稳定性差等不足,在分析最小二乘法(LS)和随机一致性算法(RANSAC)性能的基础上,提出了一种改进的输电线模型参数求解方法,即LS-RANSAC.首先随机选择K个样本点以提高初始模型参数解精度;然后利用最小二乘法稳定性拟合初始模型,采用随机一致性方法的循环迭代计算确定最佳模型参数,削弱噪声对参数求解结果的影响;最后讨论关键参数K的选择原则.实验结果表明,该方法模型参数求解精度高,抗噪性强,对不同类型的输电线均具有较好的适用性;兼顾精度和效率K建议取值30～45,研究对架空输电线空间模型精细重建具有技术参考价值.     

无人机高分辨率影像在长江支流排污口解译中的应用

过去入河排污口主要靠人工地毯式排查,为解决人工排查强度大、效率低的问题,本文使用基于高分辨率影像的无人机遥感技术,在内业阶段先初步解译疑似排污口,再结合人工现场排查.经安徽省长江一二级支流排污口排查项目检验,解译排查成功率在80％以上,工作效率与纯人工排查相比,周期可缩短2/3.说明此方法能满足精确识别排污口的要求,可使排查效率提升,使排查工作变得有针对性,从而提高巡查效率.本文根据长江支流排污口项目对目前排污口解译的要点进行了总结,为河流的排污口解译、排查提供了参考.     

西秦岭西段曲如沟花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义研究

曲如沟花岗闪长岩位于西秦岭造山带西段,侵位于中下三叠统隆务河组,主要岩性为灰白色细粒块状花岗闪长岩。岩石地球化学特征显示岩体具有高硅(66.08%~72.22%)、富钠(4.61%~5.01%)、准铝(A/CNK为1.04~1.11)高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征。岩体稀土总量为99.41×10-6~154.85×10-6,LREE=87.33×10-6~143.67×10-6,HREE=11.08×10-6~12.65×10-6,LREE/HREE值为7.23~12.85,具弱负Eu异常,在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线图解上表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土显著亏损的特征。在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图左端大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、Th)明显富集,曲线右端高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P)明显亏损,具有弧或碰撞型花岗岩微量元素特征。研究岩石成因表明岩石源区为下地壳变基性岩石,为岩石圈拆沉、幔源基性岩浆底侵导致下地壳变基性岩石部分熔融形成的产物,并发生了一定程度的壳幔岩浆混合作用。该岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(224.1±2.4)Ma(MSWD=2.4),形成于晚三叠世。结合区域资料,认为西秦岭造山带西段于印支晚期(224 Ma)古特提斯洋已经关闭,进入到后碰撞构造演化阶段。