地下水与地表水水量交换识别及交换量计算——以新汴河宿州段为例

为提高地下水与地表水交换量计算结果的准确性,本文利用水力联系、水头差、水温、氡-222、氢氧稳定同位素构建综合识别方法（HHTRO）,对新汴河宿州段地下水与地表水水量交换进行识别,并计算交换量。计算结果表明:研究河段单位河长地表水补给地下水的水量变化范围为8.69~366.82 m3/（d·m）,地下水补给地表水的水量变化范围为0.72~120.90 m3/（d·m）;研究河段左岸为地下水补给地表水,单位河长净补给量为45.26 m3/（d·m）;河段右岸为地表水补给地下水,单位河长净补给量为214.33 m3/（d·m）;研究河段地下水与地表水水量交换以地表水补给地下水为主,地表水补给地下水的比例为55.14%。本研究可推动地下水与地表水交换量计算方法的发展,为流域或区域水资源评价提供必要的理论方法。     

Lateral bearing performance and mechanism of piles in the transition zone due to pit-in-pit excavation

Acta Geotechnica - Excavation types of foundation pits for large-scale or special-purpose urban construction have been more and more complex, and the environmental safety issues caused by pit...     

热-机碎岩孕镶金刚石钻头的设计及试验研究

为提高钻进效率,合理利用钻进过程中产生的热量,本文采用摩擦热能辅助机械能碎岩（简称：热-机碎岩）的方法,将氮化硅作为摩擦元件引入孕镶金刚石钻头中,以提高钻头工作层的钻进性能。本文通过对钻头水口、摩擦元件的尺寸计算,钻头胎体、结构的设计,制造了一种新型热-机碎岩孕镶金刚石钻头（简称：热-机碎岩钻头）,并与常规六水口钻头和三水口钻头开展了室内钻进试验对比。结果表明,与六水口钻头和三水口钻头相比,热-机碎岩钻头加入摩擦元件后能够因摩擦生热而使岩石产生弱化作用,钻头钻速提高,在相同钻井液流量下最高可比六水口钻头的机械钻速高33.3%。热-机碎岩钻头胎体的磨损程度比三水口钻头小,热-机碎岩钻头可用于强研磨性地层的钻进。     

Chemical composition of garnet from the Xintianling skarn W deposit in southern Hunan and its geological significanceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

新田岭矿床是南岭钨锡成矿带中的一个大型矽卡岩型钨矿床,产于骑田岭岩体东北部与石炭系碳酸盐地层的接触带位置。本文运用LA-ICP-MS技术对该矿床矽卡岩中的石榴子石进行了系统的成分分析,获得了其主量、微量和稀土元素含量。结果显示,新田岭矿床中的石榴子石属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石固溶体系列(And₂₄Gro₆₆ -And₇₁Gro₂₂),石榴子石的端元成分在富钙铝榴石和富钙铁榴石之间变化。稀土元素的配分模式也同时出现了左倾、Eu负异常和右倾、Eu正异常两种类型,暗示新田岭矿床石榴子石结晶过程中热液流体存在不同的氧化还原环境和水/岩比条件,这也与其晶体中是否出现振荡环带相对应。将不同矽卡岩型矿床中石榴子石的W、Sn含量进行对比显示,含W矿化的矽卡岩型矿床中石榴子石的W、Sn含量整体上显著高于不含W矿化的矿床,指示石榴子石中的W、Sn含量在一定程度上具有预测矽卡岩型矿床成W矿潜力的作用。此外,石榴子石中Fe、Eu、U等元素的含量还可以进一步区分矽卡岩W矿床中的伴生金属元素类型(包括W-Mo、W-Sn、W-Cu-...     

基于Triple-Collocation的地面观测与卫星遥感数据融合的雪深反演

针对单一被动微波遥感反演雪深的精度和空间分辨率不足的问题,提出了一种星-地多源数据融合的雪深反演方法。以北疆每日站点观测雪深、AMSR-E遥感反演雪深和SSM/I遥感反演雪深数据为研究对象,首先利用地统计方法结合地面站点观测数据估计北疆区域的雪深,然后采用Triple-Collocation方法分别估计三个雪深数据的误差方差,最后结合最小二乘原理实现星-地雪深观测数据的融合。对融合雪深与地面雪深观测数据进行验证分析,结果显示,与AMSR-E和SSM/I遥感反演雪深相比,融合的雪深与地面观测雪深的相关性更高;融合的雪深的精度有一定程度的提高。实验结果证明了多源数据融合方法的有效性。     

聚焦旅游视域下的中国边疆研究

旅游业是中国边疆发展的重要引擎,也是维护国家核心利益的多样化手段之一。领土边疆与文化边疆叠合、边疆开发与旅游发展过程耦合,是中国边疆旅游的最大特色,由此带来更加复杂的空间、时间场域,为中国旅游地理学者提供了宏阔的研究视域。作为有潜力的冷点研究,边疆旅游是旅游地理学结合中国现实的新增长点,在第三次边疆研究热潮中旅游学者应有所作为。在综述中西边疆旅游文献基础上,力图通过内涵与外延界定破解中国边疆旅游之题,提出狭义边疆旅游由县域边境旅游和海岛旅游组成,广义边疆旅游为黑河—腾冲一线以西的民族旅游。边疆开发与旅游发展耦合过程、旅游发展引发的边疆人口迁移、对边疆旅游需求的理解与供给管理、海岛可持续旅游开发等是当下边疆旅游研究的重要方向。边疆旅游概念界定与研究主题明晰有利于开拓符合中国地理、文化特征的可持续旅游研究。     

基于MODIS雪盖数据的北疆雪深多元非线性回归克里金插值

为了提高北疆地区雪深时空分布监测的准确性,以该区域48个气象站点2006年12月—2007年1月的月平均雪深观测数据为基础,通过分析月均雪深空间自相关性及其与经纬度、高程的相关性,结合MODIS雪盖数据构建了多元非线性回归克里金插值方法,插值获得了北疆地区较高精度的雪深空间分布数据。将插值雪深数据与普通克里金插值法、考虑高程为辅助变量的协同克里金插值法的预测结果进行比较,结果表明:1相对普通克里金和协同克里金方法,多元非线性回归克里金法的12月份雪深预测精度分别提高了15.14%和9.54%,1月份的提高了4.8%和6.7%;2由于充分利用了经纬度和地形信息,多元非线性回归克里金法的雪深预测结果可提供更多细节信息;3预测结果客观地表达了雪深随经纬度和地形变化的趋势,反映了积雪深度的空间变异性;4基于不显著相关的协变量高程的协同克里金插值法预测的雪深数据精度劣于普通克里金插值法的预测结果。     

Diurnal Variation of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Western North Pacific in 2008-2010

Diurnal variation of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall in the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated using the high-resolution Climate Prediction Center's morphing technique (CMORPH) products obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). From January 2008 to October 2010, 72 TCs and 389 TC rainfall days were reported by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center's (JTWC) best-track record. The TC rain rate was partitioned using the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique (OSAT) and interpolated into Local Standard Time (LST). Harmonic analysis was applied to analyze the diurnal variation of the precipitation. Obvious diurnal cycles were seen in approximately 70% of the TC rainfall days. The harmonic amplitude and phase of the mean TC rainfall rate vary with TC intensity, life stage, season, and spatial distribution. On the basis of intensity, tropical depressions (TDs) exhibit the highest precipitation variation amplitude (PVA), at approximately 30%, while super typhoons (STs) contain the lowest PVA, at less than 22%. On the basis of lifetime stage, the PVA in the decaying stage (more than 37%) is stronger than that in the developing (less than 20%) and sustaining (28%) stages. On the basis of location, the PVA of more than 35% (less than 18%) is the highest (lowest) over the high-latitude oceanic areas (the eastern ocean of the Philippine Islands). In addition, a sub-diurnal cycle of TC rainfall occurs over the high-latitude oceans. On the basis of season, the diurnal variation is more pronounced during summer and winter, at approximately 30% and 32%, respectively, and is weaker in spring and autumn, at approximately 22% and 24%, respectively.     

Diurnal Variation of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Western North Pacific in 2008–10

Diurnal variation of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall in the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated using the high-resolution Climate Prediction Center’s morphing technique (CMORPH) products obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). From January 2008 to October 2010, 72 TCs and 389 TC rainfall days were reported by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center’s (JTWC) best-track record. The TC rain rate was partitioned using the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique (OSAT) and interpolated into Local Standard Time (LST). Harmonic analysis was applied to analyze the diurnal variation of the precipitation. Obvious diurnal cycles were seen in approximately 70% of the TC rainfall days. The harmonic amplitude and phase of the mean TC rainfall rate vary with TC intensity, life stage, season, and spatial distribution. On the basis of intensity, tropical depressions (TDs) exhibit the highest precipitation variation amplitude (PVA), at approximately 30%, while super typhoons (STs) contain the lowest PVA, at less than 22%. On the basis of lifetime stage, the PVA in the decaying stage (more than 37%) is stronger than that in the developing (less than 20%) and sustaining (28%) stages. On the basis of location, the PVA of more than 35% (less than 18%) is the highest (lowest) over the high-latitude oceanic areas (the eastern ocean of the Philippine Islands). In addition, a sub-diurnal cycle of TC rainfall occurs over the high-latitude oceans. On the basis of season, the diurnal variation is more pronounced during summer and winter, at approximately 30% and 32%, respectively, and is weaker in spring and autumn, at approximately 22% and 24%, respectively.     

Evaluation of grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG version 2 (GAMIL2)

The Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG version 2 (GAMIL2) has been developed through upgrading the deep convection parameterization, cumulus cloud fraction and two-moment cloud microphysical scheme, as well as changing some of the large uncertain parameters. In this paper, its performance is evaluated, and the results suggest that there are some significant improvements in GAMIL2 compared to the previous version GAMIL1, for example, the components of the energy budget at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface; the geographic distribution of shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF); the ratio of stratiform versus total rainfall; the response of atmospheric circulation to the tropical ocean; and the eastward propagation and spatiotemporal structures of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Furthermore, the indirect aerosols effect (IAE) is -0.94 W m-2, within the range of 0 to -2 W m-2 given by the IPCC 4th Assessment Report (2007). The influence of uncertain parameters on the MJO and radiation fluxes is also discussed.