全国大气水汽含量分布

根据1961～2008年全国210个台站的地面气象要素资料,发现地面水汽压与降水量之间的经验关系,建立了由降水量估算地面水汽压的经验表达式,由此进一步求得天文选址所需考察的大气水汽含量.研究结果表明,不同季节的地面水汽压同降水量之间存在着稳定的函数对应关系,利用各地区的降水量计算出的水汽压,符合当地水汽压的实际测量,所求得的各地区大气水汽含量也均能较好地反映当地长年平均情况.     

粗集方法在地图综合中的应用

将粗集理论与方法应用于地图综合时,根据地图中空间信息的特性及其生成属性决策表的特殊性,提出先利用无监督的离散化方法对各连续型条件属性分别离散化后再根据属性决策表的应用目的对空间目标进行模糊分类添加决策属性的思路;然后利用粗集属性约简的方法计算各条件属性的重要性,并采取动态排序的方法对空间目标的重要性进行判断。该方法可以很好地解决将粗集应用于地图综合中无法预先确定决策属性的问题,对空间点目标的选取实验结果表明该方法是合理有效的。     

关于我国海域无缝垂直基准构建方法的讨论

本文系统分析了海洋测绘垂直基准在海洋勘测、海洋开发海洋权益维护中的迫切性,提出我国海域无缝垂直基准构建的方法、实施的具体流程及需要解决的关键技术,目的是推动现代海洋测绘垂直基准框架体系的建设。     

地方性中心城市大型连锁超市区位选择的微观机制研究——以衡阳市香江百货连锁超市为例

利用2010年衡阳市4个区550份问卷调查和实地考察结果,根据大型连锁超市微观区位的客观规律,分析了衡阳市香江百货7家连锁分店的空间结构和区位特征,认为大型连锁超市区位选择是消费者购物偏好、区位因素以及商区环境3种区位指向共同作用的必然结果,并利用调研数据和消费引力模型对7家连锁超市的区位选址进行了实证分析和评价.最后,针对地方性中心城市大型连锁超市区位选择中的一般规律和不和谐趋势,从多角度探讨了大型连锁超市区位选择的若干对策,为政府制定城市发展规划和企业合理布局超市网点提供借鉴.     

柴达木盆地植被覆盖度的分析与模拟——空间自相关方法的运用(英文)

Relationship between vegetation and environmental factors has always been a major topic in ecology, but it has also been an important way to reveal vegetation’s dynamic response to and feedback effects on climate change. For the special geographical location and climatic characteristics of the Qaidam Basin, with the support of traditional and remote sensing data, in this paper a vegetation coverage model was established. The quantitative prediction of vegetation coverage by five environmental factors was initially realized through multiple stepwise regression (MSR) models. However, there is significant multicollinearity among these five environmental factors, which reduces the performance of the MSR model. Then through the introduction of the Moran Index, an indicator that reflects the spatial auto-correlation of vegetation distribution, only two variables of average annual rainfall and local Moran Index were used in the final establishment of the vegetation coverage model. The results show that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of vegetation. The role of spatial autocorrelation in the establishment of vegetation coverage model has not only improved the model fitting R2 from 0.608 to 0.656, but also removed the multicollinearity among independents.     

An Investigation of the Physical Mechanisms of Orbital Period Variations of the Semidetached Binary UW Vir

The orbital period variations of the Algol-type semidetached binary UW Vir are analyzed. It is shown that in addition to a long-term rapid increase (dP/dt = + 1.37 × 10⁻⁶ day/year), its orbit period has a variation with the period of 62.3 years. Based on the basic physical parameters given by Brancewicz and Dworak in 1980, the physical mechanisms causing the orbital period variations are investigated. The analysis indicates that the periodical variation of orbital period can be interpreted by the light-travel time effect due to the presence of a third body with the mass of M₃ ≥ 0.94 M. As no observational information has been reported for this tertiary component, it might be a compact object (e.g., a white dwarf). The long-term increase of orbital period can be explained in terms of the mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component (dM₂/dt = 1.43 × 10⁻⁷ M/year). This is in agreement with the semidetached configuration of the system with a lobe-filling secondary component. But according to the evolution theory of binaries, the Algol-type semidetached binary UW Vir should be at the evolutionary stage of slow mass transfer on the nuclear-reaction timescale of the secondary component. However, the analysis shows that the timescale for the periodical variation of orbital period is much shorter than the nuclear-reaction timescale of the secondary component, but close to the thermodynamic timescale of the secondary. This reveals that: (1) This binary system is at the evolutionary stage of rapid mass transfer on the thermodynamic timescale of the secondary component; or (2) The circumstellar matter of the system makes a contribution to the rapid increase of orbital period via the angular momentum transfer.     

山西省一次春季暴雨成因分析

2008年5月7日,山西省大部地区降小雨,有22个县市降中雨、6县市降大雨、4县市出现暴雨。本文通过对影响暴雨的天气形势、卫星云图、物理量特征、地形特征进行了分析,从中找出一些预报着眼点,对于今后进一步做好春季暴雨预报、防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。     

新疆太阳辐射特征及其太阳能资源状况

对新疆地区太阳能资源分布和利用现状进行了较为详细地调查和分析,结合新疆地区太阳能资源开发利用存在的主要问题提出了太阳能开发利用的若干适宜途径和符合区情的太阳能资源开发利用的对策及建议。     

濮阳市0 cm地温变化特征及成因分析

利用线性分析方法和相关分析方法,分析了濮阳近50年地面温度的变化倾向率及成因。月平均地面温度变化趋势具有明显的阶段性,12月至翌年4月呈升温趋势,5～11月呈降温趋势,其变化倾向率分别为0．01～0．32℃／10a和-0．04～-0．83℃／10a,年平均地面温度变化倾向率为-0．23℃／10a;各月地面平均最高温度的变化倾向率,11月为0．01℃／10a,其余月份则为-0．46～-2．16℃／10a,年变化倾向率为～0．23℃／10a;各月地面平均最低温度的变化倾向率,11月为-0．02℃／10a,其余月份则为0．09～0．76℃／10a,年变化倾向率为0．34℃／10a;各月平均地气温差的变化倾向率为-0．17～-0．66℃／10a,年变化倾向率为-0．35℃／10a。当地地面平均最高温度呈逐年递减趋势,地面平均最低温度呈逐年递增趋势,地面平均最高温度的递减趋势远大于平均最低温度的递增趋势,因此,年平均地面温度呈逐年递减趋势。地气温差逐年递减,大气稳定度增强,不利于近地层污染物和水汽扩散,由此带来轻雾日数增多,空气污染加重。日照时数减少,地面受太阳直接辐射减少,是地面温度趋降的直接原因,空气湿度和降水量趋增、空气污染加重等要素的变化,是地面温度趋降的间接原因。     

中γ尺度大暴雨的生成与特征

利用天气图、多普勒雷达回波图及FY-2C卫星云图资料对一次中γ尺度大暴雨天气过程进行天气背景、生成机制等方面分析,发现这次中γ尺度大暴雨具有如下特征:暴雨产生必须有充足的水汽源和输送路径;特定的地形有利于对流的生成和加深发展;稳定少动是孤立云团产生大暴雨的保证;地面辐合线、辐合区、逆风区的出现有利于暴雨定位和定量的精确预报;消散雷暴云的西侧或后部也能生成新的对流,并能形成强降水.