1985～2010年《中国地震》载文被引分析

以中国知网(CNKI)“中国引文数据库”为数据来源,系统地统计了1985～2010年《中国地震》载文的被引状况.结果显示,26年间《中国地震》载文的平均被引率76％,总被引频次8279次,载文的篇均被引频次5.5次,被引论文的篇均被引频次7.3次;共有414种期刊引证,总引证频次6191次,引证频次排名前6位的均为中文核心期刊;被引论文的资助基金共有46种,被引频次累计4375次,地震科学联合基金论文、国家自然科学基金论文及国家重点基础研究发展计划论文被引频次最高,在被引基金论文中分别占38.6％、21.8％、16.2％;“地震预测新途径的探索”是被引频次最高的论文;1985～2010年《中国地震》h指数为32.     

新疆4次中强地震前小震震源机制变化特征

采用点源位错模型、层状介质速度结构,利用地震波垂直向记录的直达P珔、S珔波最大振幅,计算小地震震源机制。通过系统聚类,利用矢量合成方法,计算得到各类解的平均震源机制解。采用上述方法,针对2003年以来新疆北天山西段和中天山地区4次中强地震前,震源区周围中小地震震源断错性质和P轴方位的变化进行分析。结果显示,中强地震前2～3年中小地震震源机制解类型随机分布,震前1年表现出明显的优势分布特点,主压应力P轴方位发生较明显的偏转变化。     

X射线三维CT技术在元器件失效分析中的应用

通过比较X射线DR,普通断层CT技术,扫描声学显微镜的功能特点,分析了X射线三维CT技术的优势。通过对焊接空洞、微动开关失效案例以及不同封装形式器件的分析,研究了X射线三维CT技术在电子元器件失效分析领域的应用。同时根据X射线三维CT成像的特点,分析了该技术发展的前景。     

洞庭湖地区自然地理环境和地震活动关系

通过对洞庭湖区自然地理环境中湖区变迁、地貌反差特征、第四系沉积厚度、地貌发育过程、地质环境改变与地震活动关系进行了讨论。湖区东岸的岳阳一带虽具有湖区变迁,但地貌反差不显著,历史和近代地震活动显示,未来地震活动存在相对减弱的趋势。湖区西侧的澧县至常德一线具有湖区变迁、地貌反差大与地貌发育等特征,地震会相对活跃,无论是历史地震,还是近代地震活动水平都相对较高。为了防止中强地震的突然袭击,必须加强对该区的地震活动监测和科学研究工作。     

管道穿越断层最佳交叉角度研究

基于MIDAS结构分析软件,采用大变形壳有限元方法分析了大口径油气管道在断层位错作用下的应变响应.考虑管道与土体的非线性和管土耦合作用,系统分析了不同断层类型下不同交叉角度对管道应变的影响,得到了断层与管道的交角对管道应变响应的影响规律和变化曲线,并在此基础上,总结得到了不同覆盖土层厚度下管道穿越断层的最佳交叉角度.     

吉林永吉县大黑山斑岩型钼矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及成矿机制

大黑山钼矿床位于张广才岭-小兴安岭成矿带南段,矿体主要赋存在花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩内。含矿石英脉中主要发育气液两相包裹体（W型）和含子矿物三相包裹体（S型）,偶见含CO₂包裹体。成矿早阶段含矿石英脉中主要发育W型、S型包裹体和少量含CO₂包裹体,均一温度为208～443 ℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为2.9%～49.8%,流体密度为0.5～1.2 g·cm^-3;主成矿阶段含矿石英脉中发育W型、S型包裹体和少量含CO₂包裹体,子矿物为石盐和金属硫化物,均一温度为197～398 ℃,盐度为1.6%～43.9%,流体密度为0.5～1.1 g·cm^-3;成矿晚阶段仅见气液两相包裹体（W型）,均一温度为171～301 ℃、盐度为1.6%～19.8%,流体密度为0.6～0.9 g·cm^-3。主成矿阶段流体包裹体类型多样,且具有相似的均一温度,压力范围为30～100 MPa,成矿深度约为4 km。成矿阶段早期流体沸腾作用和晚期流体混合作用是金属硫化物沉淀的主要机制。     

Application of orthogonal design to the extraction and HPLC analysis of sedimentary pigments from lakes of the Tibetan Plateau

Sedimentary pigments are useful proxy indicators of phytoplankton biomass, community structure, primary productivity and human influence in lacustrine and oceanic ecosystems. Pigments are relatively labile due to their complex chemical structures, which makes the extraction and analysis of sedimentary pigments challenging. In addition, it is important to select appropriate methods to study sedimentary pigments in regions which lack previous investigations. In this study, we adopted the L_9(3~4) orthogonal design to develop methods of extraction and HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of sedimentary pigments at two lakes on the Tibetan Plateau: meromictic lake-Dagze Co and dimictic lake-Jiang Co. The orthogonal design comprises 9 combinations of various parameters for extraction and HPLC analysis. The results show that the type and volume of solvent are the most important factors for pigment extraction, and the mobile phase and column selection are the most important for HPLC analysis. For the study sites, we found that the best methods to extract sedimentary pigments are as follows: the use of a mixture of acetone:methanol:water(80:15:5, v:v:v) as the extraction solvent; solvent/sample ratio of 10 m L/g; sonication for 30 s and standing extraction for 6 h. The best methods for HPLC analysis are as follows: Zorbax Eclipse plus C8 column with mobile phase A, methanol:acetonitrile:0.25 M aqueous pyridine(50:25:25, v:v:v) and mobile phase B, methanol: acetonitrile: acetone(20:60:20, v:v:v); p H of mobile phase A adjusted to 6 with acetic acid; and HPLC column temperature maintained at 40°C. The study provides an experimental basis for future investigations of past changes in primary productivity and the response of lake ecosystems to climate change and human activities on the Tibetan Plateau.     

Effects of large-amplitude internal solitary waves on ROV operation——A numerical study

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are unique tools for underwater industrial exploration and scientific research of offshore areas and the deep ocean. With broadening application of ROVs, the study of factors that affect their safe operation is important. Besides the technical skills to control ROV movement, the dynamical ocean environment may also play a vital role in the safe operation of ROVs. In this paper, we investigate the influence of large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs), focusing on the forces exerted on ROVs by ISWs. We present a methodology for modeling ISW-induced currents based on KdV model and calculate the ISW forces using the Morrison equation. Our results show that an extremely considerable load is exerted by the ISW on the ROV, resulting in a strong disturbance of the vehicle’s stability, affecting the ROV control. The numerical results of this work emphasize the importance of considering dynamical conditions when operating underwater vessels, such as ROV. Further laboratory and field investigation are suggested to gain more understanding of this subject.     

A landscape shape index-based sampling approach for land cover accuracy assessment

Spatial sampling design is one of the key steps in land cover accuracy assessment, and many traditional sampling approaches may not achieve credible spatial sampling due to the high spatial heterogeneity of land cover. This paper characterizes the spatial heterogeneity with three-level LSIs and determines the subsequent sample sizes and their spatial distributions. The three-level LSIs are rLSI in a region, cLSI for each land cover class and uLSI in each geographic sampling unit in the region. The rLSIs are used to derive appropriate sample sizes in the target regions. The cLSIs are used to assure that larger sample numbers are allocated to land cover classes with higher spatial heterogeneity. The uLSIs provide useful measures for selecting optimal geographic units in which sample sites will be located. This LSI-based sampling approach can derive the sample sizes and determine their distributions in an adaptive way according to the spatial heterogeneity. An experimental case study further demonstrates that the LSI-based sampling approach obtains more appropriate sample sizes for each region, sufficient sample numbers for rare classes, and optimal sample distributions in the geographical space.     

断裂对塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层的控制作用*

塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集层形成机理复杂,非均质性极强。当前以塔河油田为代表的潜山风化壳缝洞型储集层是碳酸盐岩地层暴露地表受到大气淡水淋滤所形成的,而在塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系发育的非暴露区仍存在大量非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层。在充分认识该油田区域构造背景的基础上,选取油田非暴露区典型区块,应用岩石学、地球化学等资料,对非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层进行研究。研究认为:(1)大气淡水是非暴露区岩溶作用最关键的岩溶流体,岩溶储集层的形成并不受热液影响;(2)非暴露区存在“三期三级”构造缝和“两期三级”走滑断裂,断裂及伴生构造裂缝是非暴露区岩溶缝洞型储集层发育的必要条件;(3)从断裂对岩溶的控制出发将缝洞型储集层细分为早期断裂和明河双控洞穴、晚期断控洞穴、早期裂缝孔洞和晚期微裂缝孔洞4类;(4)非暴露区非暴露缝洞型储集层先后经历了加里东中期断裂发育、良里塔格组水系下切溶蚀、晚加里东—早海西期断裂发育3个主要过程。此研究深化了非暴露缝洞型储集层的形成机理,并在一定程度上拓宽了非暴露区岩溶储集层勘探开发的思路。