机载LiDAR和高光谱融合实现温带天然林树种识别

将机载LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)与高光谱CASI(Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager)数据融合,充分利用垂直结构信息和光谱信息进行温带森林树种分类,并与仅用高光谱数据的分类结果相比较,评估融合数据的树种分类能力。结合样地实测数据,首先用LiDAR获得的3维垂直结构信息对CASI影像上的林间空隙进行掩膜,提取林木冠层子集;然后对冠层子集分层掩膜,利用光谱曲线的一阶微分及曲线匹配技术,实现各树种训练样本的自动提取;利用SVM分类器对两种数据分类并比较精度。结果表明,融合数据的树种分类总体精度和Kappa系数(83.88%,0.80)优于仅使用CASI数据(76.71%、0.71),优势树种的制图精度为78.43%—89.22%,用户精度为75.15%—95.65%,整体也优于仅使用CASI的制图精度(68.51%—84.69%)和用户精度(63.34%—95.45%)。结果表明,机载LiDAR与CASI基于像元的融合对温带森林树种识别的精度较仅高光谱数据有较大提高。     

The scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models

The National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China has planned to speed up the development of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in the coming few years. This SDI consists of four types of digital products, i. e., digital orthophotos, digital elevation models, digital line graphs and digital raster graphs. For the DEM, a scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models has been proposed and some experimental tests have also been accomplished. This paper describes the theoretical (and/or technical) background and reports some of the experimental results to support the scheme. Various aspects of the scheme such as accuracy, data sources, data sampling spatial resolution, terrain modeling, data organization, etc are discussed.     

Basic research on key techniques related to urban 3D pipe network modeling

A new geometric modeling approach is introduced in this paper. First the principle of modeling of 3D pipe network is discussed in detail. Then the procedures of implementing pipe network visualization and system functions are presented. Last, several efficient methods for speeding up display of graphics are introduced. The new geometric modeling approach offers to people a new way to solve 3D visualization of complex urban pipe network.     

An algorithm for automatic cartographic sounding selection

Soundings on nautical charts provide information about the shape of ocean bottom between chart depth curves. A single chart may have thousands of soundings posted on it. This paper describes a new algorithm for selecting soundings automatically. At first, the problem encountered in automatic cartographic sounding selection is presented. Then the authors give the principle of the new algorithm, and the implementation is illuminated in detail. At last the experiments prove the rationality and efficiency of the new algorithm.     

Architecture of HLA based distributed virtual geographic environment

Integrating the theory of distributed virtual geographic enviroments (DVGE) and high level architecture(HLA), the architecture of DVGE based on HLA is designed. The data flow and the object models of the architecture are also discussed. The architecture basically meets the need of DVGE in real-time communication, distribution, collaboration, reusing and interoperation, expansion, and standard.     

Shape similarity measures of linear entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities. Among all the possible similarity measures, the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition. In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.     

A construction schema for provincial spatial database of China

In order to provide a provincial spatial database, this paper presents a scheme for spatial database construction to meet the needs of China. The objective and overall technical route of spatial database construction are described. The logical and physical database models are designed. Key issues are addressed, such as integration of multi-scale heterogeneous spatial databases, spatial data version management based on metadata and integrative management of map cartography and spatial database.     

阿图什市5.2级地震与于田6.2级地震前兆异常分析

利用阿克苏台网中心前兆观测数据,采用动态分析、形态法对新疆阿图什市Ms5.2地震和于田县Ms6.2地震进行系统分析.发现两次地震前,阿合奇台地倾斜资料、乌什台水管倾斜资料、伸缩仪资料、体应变及辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位数据、地电数据均出现明显的震前异常.其中水管仪、伸缩仪、体应变、地倾斜表现为打破年变,水管仪震前几天出现高频抖动、日变形态畸变;体应变辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位、地电震前表现为突变.     

前兆远程子台CDMA传输故障诊断及排除

本文简要介绍了CDMA传输技术及其在地震前兆远程子台的应用,之后以天津市地震局宝坻地震台的远程子台为实例,对地震前兆远程子台CDMA传输中的故障原因进行了研究,指出导致CDMA传输故障的原因主要有:仪器通讯部分故障、资费余额不足、路由器"假死"、路由器死机、路由器内部故障(特别是SIM卡接触不良)、CDMA信号强度不够、交换机故障、传输硬件连接断路等。在此基础上提出了一套行之有效的故障诊断流程,并对常见故障原因的判定和排除方法做了归纳整理。本文对使用CDMA传输方式或其他无线传输方式的地震前兆远程子台的维护管理人员有一定的参考意义。