区域台网地震前兆数据库故障应对初探

从前兆区域台网对台网及节点子台前兆数据库使用维护的需要着手,系统分析前兆数据库使用中几类常见故障,给出应对解决方案,并详细介绍了区域台网数据库备份及故障后台站数据库数据恢复的方法。突破地震前兆数据库传统冷备份的局限,引入逻辑备份的方法,实现了数据信息库间传输,为提升台网数据库维护能力发挥了较好的作用。     

利用CDMA 1X+VPN技术实现十三陵地震前兆观测系统信息集成

依托“中国地震数据观测网络”项目,中国地震局地震预测研究所建立了以十三陵地震中心台为前兆台网部,8个无人值守的前兆台站为一体的前兆观测系统。 这套系统利用中国联通的CDMA 1X网络将台站接入到Internet网络,并利用VPN(Virtual Private Network)技术在Internet网络上开辟一条安全、 稳定传输隧道,实现了前兆台站、 观测设备与十三陵前兆台网部的信息集成。 文中以十三陵地震前兆观测系统为例,主要介绍了如何利用CDMA 1X 无线网络和VPN(Virtual Private Network)技术实现前兆观测系统信息集成。 十三陵地震前兆观测系统的正常运行证明,利用CDMA 1X +VPN技术的前兆观测系统组网模式可以做到投资少、 见效快、传输可靠等优势,值得推广应用。     

文安Ms5.1级地震前锦州地震台的某些前兆异常

本文系统地展示和分析了文安5.1级地震前锦州地震台及其子台沈家台的前兆异常。     

区域地震通信网子台通信控制改造

为提高区域地震通信网数据通信的质量，解决子台通信控制（ＣＣＵ）的诸多不适应，决定对其改造，以目前在通信中广泛采用的个人计算机取代子台通信控制器（ＣＣＵ）。本文就个人计算机在通信中的接口安排、传输方式进行了研究，并通过区域地震通信网子台数据传输的实践证实了个人计算机在通信中的广泛用途和诸多优点。     

电信传输地震台网传输信道的干扰及排除方法

电信传输地震台网是为地震科学研究,及地震预报获取高质量的地震观测资料和地震前兆观测数据而建立的。将台网中各子台的信号传输汇集到记录、分析、处理中心,都是采用有大(?)载波话路传输、无线传输、无线→微波接力传输、无线→有线接力传输信道而进行的。众所周知,任何一种遥测信道,在传输有用信号的同时都会有各种干扰信号混入。这些干扰     

上海地震台阵电缆的铺设

前言一般来说 ,台阵各子台地震计所检测的地震信号是通过有线或无线的方式传输汇集到位于台阵附近的数据中心。如德国格兰芬堡台阵分为 3个子台阵 ,采用有线的方式先将各子台阵每一子台的地震信号传输到子台阵中心 ,然后再将汇集到各子台阵的地震信号再分别传输到埃尔兰根的台阵中心。又如加拿大黄刀台阵的初期 ,各子台的地震信号输出采用悬挂在木制三角架上的电缆传输到附近的控制中心。 1 986年加拿大政府对黄刀台阵进行了重大更新 ,除了在台阵安装不同频带的地震计外 ,还采用高分辨的数字化输出 ,并将地震数据通过 UHF数字无线遥测传输…     

无线技术在前兆台站中的应用

主要研究青海省无人值守前兆台站采用无线传输技术解决数据的传输问题,该技术克服了传统地震前兆信息采集和传输等方面的弱点,使用无线路由器作为数据终端,实现无人值守前兆台站监测的自动化、无线化,最终达到数据资料在互联网上共享并为用户服务的目的。     

“十五”网络项目中测震台站CDMA数据传输方式浅析

中国数字地震观测网络项目建设的一个重要特点是"网络到台站,IP到仪器",从台站数据的采集到数据传输,台网中心数据的接收与实时处理,全部建立在网络化的平台上.因此,保证数据传输的连续性是一个重要的前提,本文从CDMA数据传输方式的特点出发,详细分析了数字地震项目建设过程中测震台网试运行的数据特点,研究表明:测震台站CDMA数据传输模式的连续率较低,在条件许可的情况下,地震数据的传输应尽量采用专用信道.     

广东地震台网台站数据传输质量对比分析

根据广东地震台网(下简称广东台网)台站数据传输采用多种方式的现状,统计和分析了2009年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间44个台站的数据传输质量。阐述了6种传输方式的基本原理,分析了各种传输方式的质量和产生断记的原因,提出如何解决传输过程中所遇到的各种问题。从信号的传输质量、运维成本、地震速报和未来地震预警需求等多方面着手,分析总结了各种传输方式的优劣,为提高台网运行率和台站数据传输质量,提出了"以SDH为主、多种传输方式并存"传输方式。     

新疆乌鲁木齐区域数字遥测地震台网

新疆乌鲁木齐区域数字遥测地震台网(以下简称区域台网)是在模拟遥测地震台网的基础上改造、扩建而成的。区域台网由数字汇集中心、4个中继站、12个遥测子台和9个准实时远程子台组成。中国地震局港震公司提供地震计、数据采集器和应用软件，新疆地震局与厂家共同研制无线同步传输设备。区域台网的技术系统采用了先进的数字地震观测技术，具有宽频带、大动态、高精度、高分辨率的特点，以无线实时传输台网为主，远程扩展子台为辅，构成了全国最大的省级台网。2001年4月22日，乌鲁木齐区域数字遥测地震台网通过了中国地震局专家组验收。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.