中国东部降水年际变化的随机动力诊断

利用一个具有门限的非线性随机动力气候模式对中国东部江淮流域的降水进行了分析。结果表明：在不同的门限域中,降水对外部强迫的响应有明显差异,呈现出一定的非线性特征;模式能较好地拟合降水的变化趋势。     

中国近117年年平均气温变化的区域特征研究

用ＲＥＯＦ法以１６０站近４７年的年平均气温变化为依据将我国分为８个年平均气温变化区．以国内及临近国家长资料序列为基础,建立了反映我国各区及全国近１１７年的年平均气温标准化序列．从近１１７年气温变化来看,Ｉ～ＶＩＩ区都有升温趋势,全国平均气温的升温趋势为０．７６℃／１００ａ,北半球陆地则为０．６４℃／１００ａ．最大的为东北,华北、新疆,最小的为四川、贵州．从年代际尺度看我国与北半球陆地的平均气温的变化是相当一致的,相关系数高达０．９３,主要差别在于年际变化．     

秦岭地区砂金分布特征与成矿机理

秦岭地区砂金矿床大部分分布在嘉陵江、汉水及其它们的支流流域。总结了砂金矿床分布特征,并将３种类型进行了对比。系统地对矿源、搬运、储存和富集的成矿模式、成因机理进行了研究。地貌与产构造运动在成矿中占有重要地位。     

粤西云开地块内高州地区深熔混合岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

云开地块区域混合岩是在低压变质作用基础上形成的。多数古成体原岩是富黑云母的过铝质片麻岩。混合岩野外特征、岩石学、矿物空间分布和地球化学综合研究均表明,该区浅色体是深熔成因的。单颗粒锆石定年结果表明,混合岩形成于加里东期,其时代为３９４ ～４４９Ｍａ,这期混合岩化作用可能与云开地块大规模的加里东期岩浆活动有关。     

中国湖泊学研究进展

本文从六个方面概述了中国湖泊资源利用与湖泊学研究进展:1.湖泊考察与综合调查;2.物理湖泊学研究;3.湖泊沉积与古湖泊学研究;4.水生生物与生态学研究;5.湖泊水化学与环境保护研究;6.湖泊资源开发利用研究.     

An improved earthquake catalogue (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis> ≥ 4.0) for Turkey and its near vicinity (1900–2012)

Many catalogues, agency reports and research articles have been published on seismicity of Turkey and its surrounding since 1950s. Given existing magnitude heterogeneity, erroneous information on epicentral location, event date and time, this past published data however is far from fulfilling the required standards. Paucity of a standardized format in the available catalogues have reinforced the need for a refined and updated catalogue for earthquake related hazard and risk studies. During this study, ~37,000 earthquakes and related parametric data were evaluated by utilizing more than 41 published studies and, an integrated database was prepared in order to analyse all parameters acquired from the catalogues and references for each event. Within the scope of this study, the epicentral locations of M ≥ 5.0 events were firstly reappraised based on the updated Active Fault Map of Turkey. An improved catalogue of 12.674 events for the period 1900–2012 was as a result recompiled for the region between 32–45N° and 23–48E° by analyzing in detail accuracy of all seismological parameters available for each event. The events consist of M ≥ 4.0 are reported in several magnitude scales (e.g. moment magnitude, M_w; surface wave magnitude, M_S; body-wave magnitude m_b; local magnitude M_L and duration magnitude M_d) whereas the maximum focal depth reaches up to 225-km. In order to provide homogenous data, the improved catalogue is unified in terms of M_w. Fore-and aftershocks were also removed from the catalogue and completeness analyses were performed both separately for various tectonic sources and as a whole for the study region of interest. Thus, the prepared homogenous and declustered catalogue consisting of 6573 events provides the basis for a reliable input to the seismic hazard assessment studies for Turkey and its surrounding areas.     

太湖流域典型滨湖河网水动力与水质时空异质性

基于中国太湖梅梁湾东部的无锡市滨湖区河网29个监测点在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的流速和水质监测数据,将河网分为梁溪河、曹王泾、骂蠡港、城市河网南区以及城市河网北区5个区域,对流速和典型水质指标的时空异质性进行分析,结合主成分分析和相关性分析,得到各区域水动力与水质现状及其成因.结果显示:梁溪河和曹王泾的水质条件和水动力条件较好,多数水质因子与流速表现出了强相关性;骂蠡港的水质和流速区域变化明显,表现弱相关性;城市河网北区和南区的流速较缓,河道污染负荷较大,流速与水质因子之间的相关性较低.通过在滨湖河网开展流速和水质的野外监测,分析流速对于河网水环境的实际效果,验证不同水质指标与流速之间的响应关系,为滨湖河网区水质保护和科学的水污染治理技术提供基础支撑.     

Review of water and soil contamination in and around Salihli geothermal field (Manisa,Turkey)

The town of Salihli is situated in Gediz Graben in the western Anatolia. This region is important in terms of industry, mining, geothermal energy, water sources, and agricultural production. Geothermal flow and anthropogenic activities in Salihli threaten the surrounding environment due to the contamination of cold groundwater, surface water, and soil. The goal of the present study is to determine the environmental effects of the geothermal and anthropogenic activities in Salihli on soil, stream sediments, and water. Stream sediments and farm soil have been contaminated by substances derived from geothermal and industrial effluents. To this end, the quality review of the water was completed and the heavy metal levels in stream sediment samples were measured to determine the extent of contamination. The elements As, B, Br, Fe, and Ni are the major contaminants present in surface water and groundwater in the study area. The concentrations of these elements excess tolerance limits of international water standards. Gibbsite, K-mica, kaolinite, sepiolite, halite, sulfur, willemite, and Pb(OH)₂ might be precipitated as scales at low temperatures on the soil; this could be interpreted as a resultant from soil contamination. The concentrations of 17 elements (As, Ba, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn) were measured in samples from stream sediments and surface soils. In the study area, especially geothermal and anthropogenic activities give rise to environmental pollution.     

基于能量方程的建筑结构半主动控制

基于地震作用下结构的能量响应方程,本文提出根据结构吸收能量、相对动能和变形能的变化(对时间的一次导数)进行结构的“开-关”半主动减震的控制律;在物理坐标系中对这3种控制律的动力特征和控制效果,以及作动器参数的选取进行了分析。本文针对建筑结构进行了数值仿真。计算结果表明,本文提出的控制律可以有效地减小了结构的位移响应,对随机不确定的地震波均具有良好的减震效果,适应性强,而且控制器参数合理。其中根据结构变形能推导的控制律的半主动控制效果优于其它2种控制律。     

全风化花岗岩化学及矿物成份在全土和粘粒中的不同表征

对全风化花岗岩化学和矿物成份的测试常用全土和粘粒部分(粒径<2μm)分别进行。业已发现两者由于物质组成和结构特征的差异,对土工程地质性质所起作用不同。本文给出了6个全风化花岗岩样品的全土和粘粒部分筛分法和移液管法测定粒度成份,用X荧光光谱仪做全量化学分析,及XRD矿物学分析的结果。对比这两部分数据发现,属于含砾土的这些样品化学成份的变化同矿物一致,尤其是同粘土矿物成份含量变化很一致。同全岩相比,粘粒化学成份中的SiO₂减少了近50%,K₂O含量也降低,而Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃和H₂O⁺都明显升高。粘粒中氧化物相对含量升高者居多;全岩矿物成份以石英、粘土矿物和长石为主,粘粒中埃洛石和高岭石占大多数,其次为伊利石;粒度成份、化学成份和矿物含量相关性比较明显的是:石英和角砾正相关,和砂粒负相关,长石和砂粒正相关,粘土矿物含量和Al₂O₃、烧失量(LOI)和埃洛石含量正相关。