岩石电子背散射衍射（EBSD）组构分析及应用

电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术是现代构造地质学与显微构造分析领域一项崭新的技术,它与现代高分辨率扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析设备结合,可以对块状样品中微米或纳米级尺度的颗粒进行晶体结构分析, 从而使微观结构、微区成分与结晶学数据结合起来,能够更精细地对比研究矿物和岩石显微构造,为岩石显微构造分析开辟了一个全新的领域。分析了EBSD技术的基本原理、系统构成、样品制备和工作程序。介绍了石英组构测量,极细粒物质（微角砾岩）的组构特点,二轴晶矿物（角闪石）的组构、变形机制和金属硫化物组构分析的应用实例,对于应用EBSD系统开展研究存在的一些问题进行了讨论。     

俯冲带榴辉岩的变形作用及其对俯冲-折返过程的意义

榴辉岩是大洋和大陆俯冲带的重要岩石类型,在研究俯冲带的形成过程、热结构、壳幔相互作用等方面有重要意义。通过对天然和实验样品中石榴子石、绿辉石等矿物的变形特征、变形机制、变形的影响因素等的综合分析,系统总结了高压变质带中榴辉岩矿物显微和超微变形研究的进展,探讨了榴辉岩的变形特征在恢复俯冲与折返过程研究中的意义及一些尚待解决的一些问题。     

煤矿区沉降与遥感监测方法探讨

以晋城市煤矿区沉降研究为例,介绍了应用遥感图像调查与数字高程模型相结合的方法进行煤矿区沉降研究及监测。监测结果表明,沉降区主要集中在该区域的西北部,沉降区面积较大,沉降原因是大矿开采3#煤层,导致地面沉降,只有2处沉降由小煤矿开采9#煤层引起。经验证,具体位置虽有差异,但沉降区基本与实际吻合。依据当前合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的发展,对煤矿区遥感综合监测方法进行了讨论。     

南黄海北部前陆盆地的构造演化与油气突破

南黄海北部盆地是我国近海海域中唯一由中生代陆-陆碰撞造山作用形成的前陆盆地。其构造演化经历了4个阶段:(1)前造山期大陆边缘盆地阶段(Z—T2);(2)苏鲁造山带晚期前陆盆地阶段(J3—K);(3)造山期后陆内断陷盆地阶段(K2t—E);(4)区域沉降覆盖阶段(N—Q)。对其中陆内断陷盆地的详细调查研究结果表明,盆地内晚白垩世泰州组烃源岩发育,具有4套储盖组合,圈闭构造多,成藏配套条件好,计算其石油资源量约20×108t,是当前在南黄海获取油气重要突破的首选区域。     

CSU－RAMS模式在区域气侯模拟中的应用

将ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ（中尺度）数值模式改造成“区域气候数值模式”以及进行区域气候数值模拟的试验研究。说明将有限区域中尺度数值模式与ＧＣＭ模式嵌套应用到区域气候数值模拟研究上能够取得有意义的结果。它能在一定程度上改善ＧＣＭ模式的不足。可以更为细致地描述大气环流的变化特征,是了解区域气候变化的有效方法之一。     

Nonthermal radio emission from hot star winds

Nonthermal radio emission has been observed from some of the most luminous hot star winds. It is understood to be synchrotron radiation of the relativistic electrons in the winds. To understand how the electrons are accelerated to such high energies and to correctly explain the observed radio flux and spectra require an exhaustive investigation of all the relevant physical processes involved and possibly point to a complex wind structure. In this paper we discuss the logical path toward a comprehensive model of the nonthermal radio emission from hot star winds. Based on the available observational data and fundamental theoretical considerations, we found that the only physically viable and self-consistent scenario is:the nonthermal radio emission is synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons the electrons are accelerated by shocks via the first-order Fermi mechanism the acceleration has to be in situ in the radio emitting region the shocks formed at the base of the winds have to propagate to beyond the radio photosphere).     

20世纪末广东省三大城市大气环境质量综合评价——改进密切值法的扩展应用

大气环境质量综合评价是一个城市环境质量考核的重要指标，改进的密切值法是其中一种切实可行的评价方法。通过对1991-2000年10年间广东省三大城市——广州、深圳和珠海的大气环境质量进行综合评价，发现20世纪末，大气环境质量最好的是珠海市，最差的是广州市。与广东省平均水平相比、三大城市中。广州市污染程度高于全省平均水平。从空气环境质量的变化趋势来看，自1997年开始，三大城市大气环境质量趋于好转，为新世纪城市空气环境质量改善提供了良好的基础。     

预测陕西关中地区需水量的改进GM(1,1)模型

需水量评价与预测是水资源规划与管理一项重要的研究内容。本文采用定额法计算需水量。通过对陕西关中地区需水量要素组成的分析,认为需水量要素属平稳时间序列,且一阶累加生成数据系列满足指数规律,符合灰色预测条件。为了提高GM(1,1)模型的精度,采用一种改变背景值的新方法,即:中心逼近方法。通过精度检验,中心逼近式GM(1,1)模型平均误差百分比、误差平方和分别比传统的GM(1,1)模型提高了0.147和1.579。用中心逼近式GM(1,1)模型预测需水量各要素近期和中长期值,经检验,其中非农业人口、农业人口、耕地面积、工业总产值预测模型满足一级模型,等级为良好。牲畜头数预测模型为不合格模型,分析其原因,主要是因为时间序列数据不完全符合指数规律。通过定额法计算,预计75%保证率时2005年和2010年关中地区工农业需水量分别占总需水量的92.21%和89.75%,生活需水量分别占7%和9.04%。     

Increasing critical sensitivity of the Load/Unload Response Ratio before large earthquakes with identified stress accumulation pattern

The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is proposed for short-to-intermediate-term earthquake prediction [Yin, X.C., Chen, X.Z., Song, Z.P., Yin, C., 1995. A New Approach to Earthquake Prediction — The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Theory, Pure Appl. Geophys., 145, 701–715]. This method is based on measuring the ratio between Benioff strains released during the time periods of loading and unloading, corresponding to the Coulomb Failure Stress change induced by Earth tides on optimally oriented faults. According to the method, the LURR time series usually climb to an anomalously high peak prior to occurrence of a large earthquake. Previous studies have indicated that the size of critical seismogenic region selected for LURR measurements has great influence on the evaluation of LURR. In this study, we replace the circular region usually adopted in LURR practice with an area within which the tectonic stress change would mostly affect the Coulomb stress on a potential seismogenic fault of a future event. The Coulomb stress change before a hypothetical earthquake is calculated based on a simple back-slip dislocation model of the event. This new algorithm, by combining the LURR method with our choice of identified area with increased Coulomb stress, is devised to improve the sensitivity of LURR to measure criticality of stress accumulation before a large earthquake. Retrospective tests of this algorithm on four large earthquakes occurred in California over the last two decades show remarkable enhancement of the LURR precursory anomalies. For some strong events of lesser magnitudes occurred in the same neighborhoods and during the same time periods, significant anomalies are found if circular areas are used, and are not found if increased Coulomb stress areas are used for LURR data selection. The unique feature of this algorithm may provide stronger constraints on forecasts of the size and location of future large events.     

福州市植被信息提取及其景观格局空间变化

ASTER(高级空间热辐射热反射探测仪)是高光谱遥感影像时代到来的标志,与一般遥感影像相比能为对地观测提供更高质量的信息源。根据福福州市1988年的TM影像和2001年ASTER影像,在NDVI和分形几何理论方法的基础上,求取两个时期植被斑块的分形维数,结果表明:植被景观整体分形维数上升,说明植被斑块空间形态趋向复杂化,稳定性降低,其空间格局变化表现出2种基本规律:一是破碎化,孔隙化,主要发生在城区内部,二是空间萎缩,主要表现在城市边缘地区。