高原大桥桥台地震破坏机理与抗震措施分析

通过现场震害调查和有限元分析,研究了汶川大地震高原大桥桥台的地震破坏机理和提高桥台抗主梁撞击能力的工程措施。研究表明,基于pushover静力分析技术可较好地模拟桥台在主梁撞击下的破坏形态。对不同的有限元模型假定,高原大桥虹口侧桥台可表现出"上弱下强"、"上下等强"和"下弱上强"等3种不同的破坏模式,且桥台胸墙、前墙、前墙与翼墙交界面是抗震薄弱点,在主梁撞击下易发生脆性开裂;而高原侧桥台的破坏则基本为自胸墙开始,沿45°夹角向斜下方扩展,最终导致桥台胸墙撞碎、后侧翼墙脱落倒塌。素混凝土桥台在主梁撞击下表现出明显的脆性,提高桥台混凝土强度可有效增大桥台抗撞击的强度,而在桥台混凝土中配置一定量的分布钢筋则可有效延缓桥台破坏过程。     

2000-2013年青藏高原湖泊面积MODIS遥感监测分析

青藏高原上分布着大量的高原内陆湖泊群,该区域湖泊面积与区域及全球气候变化之间存在较强的耦合关系,遥感监测湖泊的分布和面积变化趋势,对分析区域自然生态环境具有重要意义。本研究将MOD09A1（地表反射率8天合成数据）进行逐月合成,提出了一种综合多种水体指数的青藏高原地区湖泊提取方法,并通过活动窗口、DEM和时间序列去噪等方法,消除山体阴影、冰雪等因素的干扰。最后,提取和合成了2000-2013年青藏高原逐年和逐月的湖泊范围,并选取色林错和卓乃湖2个典型湖泊与人工解译Landsat系列影像进行验证分析,其线性拟合度分别为0.99和0.97,从时空变化趋势上分析了青藏高原湖泊面积动态变化。结果表明：（1）2000-2013年,青藏高原地区湖泊范围整体上呈较显著的扩张趋势,湖泊总面积增加速率约为490.98 km² a^-1（R²约为0.96）;（2）1-12月份湖泊面积逐月变化率均大于0,表明青藏高原湖泊面积呈整体扩张,而非季节性扩张。除2-4月份外,其他月份增加速率均在400 km² a^-1以上（R²>0.79）,表现为稳定且持续扩张趋势。     

Peperites in the Permian Tarim large igneous province in Northwest China and their constraints on the local eruption environments

Peperites are special kinds of volcaniclastic materials generated by mingling of magma and unconsolidated sediments.They directly demonstrate the contemporaneity of volcanism and sedimentation,and hence they can be used to constrain the local paleoenvironments during volcanic eruptions.We identified peperites in the lower sequence of the northwest outcrops(Inggan-Kalpin area)of Permian Tarim large igneous province(TLIP),Northwest China.In Inggan,blocky peperites were observed at the base of lava flows generated in the second eruption phase.This kind of peperites is generated by quenching of magma in a brittle fragmentation mechanism.While in Kalpin,both the second and the fourth eruption phases preserved peperites in the base of lava flows.Not only blocky but also fluidal peperites can be observed in Kalpin.The fluidal peperites were generated in vapor films,which insulated the magmas from cold sediments and avoided direct thermal shock,and therefore kept the fluidal forms of magma.All of these peperites are hosted by submarine carbonates.In lava sequences generated in the same eruption phases but located in Kaipaizileike,~15 km east to Inggan,terrestrial flood basalts developed while peperites are absent,implying a paleoenvironmental transition between Kaipaizileike and Inggan-Kalpin area.Gathering information from observed peperites,TLIP lava flows,and the Lower Permian sedimentary strata,we precisely constrained the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of sedimentary facies of the early stage of TLIP.As a result,two marine transgressions were identified.The first transgression occurred contemporaneous with the second eruption phase.The transition from submarine to subaerial is located between Kaipaizileike and Inggan.The second transgression occurred contemporaneous with the forth eruption phase,and the transition from submarine to subaerial occurred between Inggan and Kalpin.     

Features and origin time of Mesozoic strike-slip structures in the Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone

The NE-striking Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone(YYFZ) with a length of ca. 900 km is an important major fault zone in northeastern China. Its origin has been a controversial issue for a long time. Detailed field investigation and comprehensive analyses show that strike-slip faults or ductile shear belts exist as the origination structures on the both shoulders of the Cretaceous-Paleogene grabens. These strike-slip structures are dominated by brittle transcurrent faults, and appear as ductile shear belts only in the Weiyuanpu-Yehe and Shulan parts in the south and middle of the fault zone, respectively. The shear belts strike NE-SW and show steep mylonitic foliation and gentle mineral elongation lineation. Outcrop structures, microstructures and quartz c-axis fabrics demonstrate a sinistral shear sense with minor reverse component for the ductile shear belts. The microstructures suggest deformation temperatures of 400–450°C for the Weiyuanpu-Yehe shear belts and 350–400°C for the Shulan shear belt. A series of zircon U-Pb dating results for deformed and undeformed plutons or dikes in the shear belts constrain the strike-slip motion to the time between 160 and 126 Ma. It is further inferred from ages of main geological events in this region that the fault zone originated in the earliest Early Cretaceous. It is suggested therefore that the southern and middle parts of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone, which originated in Middle Triassic, propagated into northeastern China along the sinistral YYFZ under the earliest Early Cretaceous regional compression that is referred to as the Yanshan B event. The earliest Early Cretaceous initiation of the YYFZ results from both the high-speed oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate and the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, but the Izanagi Plate subduction played a major dynamic role in the fault zone origin.     

卫星雷达测高波形修正方法研究

利用Jason-1 SGDR数据分析Tseng波形修正法存在的问题,通过修改参考波形选取策略和异常点插值的定权策略提出改进的波形修正算法。实验表明,改进算法能够避免Tseng法导致的波形前缘变形问题,提高近海海面高的精度。     

汶川地震及其余震期间的ELF电磁异常

近些年来利用卫星技术观测地震前的电磁扰动已得到地震学界的广泛关注, 并被认为是研究地震电磁前兆的有效途径之一(Larkina et al, 1989; Parrot, 1994; Serebryakova et al, 1992; Molchanov et al, 1993; Nemec et al, 2008).     

The Liaonan Metamorphic Core Complex： Constitution, Structure and Evolution

The Liaonan metamorphic core complex (mcc) has a three-layer structure and is constituted by five parts, i.e. a detachment fault zone, an allochthonous upper plate and an supradetachment basin above the fault zone, and highly metamorphosed rocks and intrusive rocks in the lower plate. The allochthonous upper plate is mainly of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic rocks weakly deformed and metamorphosed in pre-Indosinan stage. Above these rocks is a small-scale supradetachment basin of Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The lower plate is dominated by Archean TTG gneisses with minor amount of supracrustal rocks. The Archean rocks are intruded by late Mesozoic synkinematic monzogranitic and granitic plutons. Different types of fault rocks, providing clues to the evolution of the detachment fault zone, are well-preserved in the fault zone, e.g. mylonitic gneiss, mylonites, brecciated mylonites, microbreccias and pseudotachylites. Lineations in lower plate granitic intrusions have consistent orientation that indicate uniform top-to-NW shearing along the main detachment fault zone. This also provides evidence for the synkinematic characteristics of the granitic plutons in the lower plate. Structural analysis of the different parts in the mcc and isotopic dating of plutonic rocks from the lower plate and mylonitic rocks from detachment fault zone suggest that exhumation of the mcc started with regional crustal extension due to crustal block rotation and tangential shearing. The extension triggered magma formation, upwelling and emplacement. This event ended with appearance of pseudotachylite and fault gauges formed at the uppermost crustal level. U-Pb dating of single zircon grains from granitic rocks in the lower plate gives an age of 130±5 Ma, and biotite grains from the mam detachment fault zone have 40Ar-39Ar ages of 108-119 Ma. Several aspects may provide constraints for the exhumation of the Liaonan mcc. These include regional extensional setting, cover/basement contact, temporal and spatial coupling of extension and magmatism, basin development and evolution of fault tectonites along detachment fault zone. We propose that the exhumation of the Liaonan mcc resulted from regional extension and thinning of crust or lithosphere in eastern North China, and accompanied with synkinematic intrusion of granitic plutons, formation of detachment fault zone, uplifting and exhumation of lower-plate rocks, and appearance of supradetachment basin.     

微量元素谱图油气评价 及其在岩性油藏勘探中的应用

微量元素谱图油气评价技术是在引进俄罗斯地电化学油气勘探方法的基础上开发的一项含油气性及油气属性评价预测新技术。试验研究表明,油区内外土样电化学提取微量元素Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn的ICP质谱特征存在特征差异。利用微量元素谱图特征在五谷城和姬塬地区进行了油气评价和有利目标预测。地电化学微量元素谱图相关系数异常与微量元素浓度异常及烃类异常有较好的配置关系,与自然电位和可控源音频大地电磁确定的有效砂体储层相对应。2001及2002年在五谷城和姬塬地区微量元素谱图油气评价预测的有利区内及附近钻获油流,证实了微量元素谱图油气评价在长庆岩性油藏勘探中的作用及有效性。     

浅谈电子地图的应用及其产品开发模式

通过对国内外100余项电子地图相关产品资料文献及已发表成果的研究,综述了电子地图应用领域、关键技术及相关产品开发模式。为电子地图制作设计及研究方向提供参考。     

黄河中游鄂尔多斯高原内流区与闭流区的形成机理—基于水循环的分析

在分析鄂尔多斯高原地表水、地下水与黄河流域水资源转化关系的基础上,依据地下水流系统的理论与方法,对内流区与闭流区的形成机理进行了研究,对内流区与闭流区的分布范围进行了重新界定。结果表明,在鄂尔多斯高原可划分为2个内流区和4个闭流区：内流区内虽然地表水与黄河及其支流无直接的水力联系,但地下水与黄河及其支流存在着密切的水力联系,应将其划入黄河流域;闭流区内无论地表水还是地下水,与黄河及其支流均无水力联系,不属于黄河流域;闭流区总面积为32451.4km2,与1977年《黄河流域特征值资料》中划分的闭流区面积(42296km2)相比减少了9844.6 km2,即黄河流域集水面积在原来的基础上应增加9844.6 km2。