超强磁场下的相对论电子

在以前工作的基础上,推导出超强磁场下简并的、相对论的电子压强P e的普遍表达式;讨论了电子的朗道能级量子化;探索了量子电动力学效应(QED)对中子压强占主导的理想的n-p-e气体系统的影响。主要结论包括:P e与磁场强度B、物质密度ρ及电子丰度Y e有关;磁场越强,电子压强越大;增加的压强是由高值的电子费米能引起的;在超强磁场下,磁星内部总压强是各向异性的;如果考虑到各向异性的总压强,磁星可能是一种更致密、形变后类似于椭球状的中子星;如果考虑到磁场能对状态方程的正能量的贡献,相对于普通射电脉冲星,磁星的质量可能更大些。     

南极长城站地区气象要素的中期振荡特征

本文用多维谱分析的方法研究了1985年1月-1987年12月南极长城站地面气象要素的谱特征。该地区的气象要素与北半球一样,也普遍存在3-5天、准一周、准二周和3-4周振荡周期。在长城站所在的乔治王岛地区,从地面到平流层中下部,气压系统都存在着显著的准二周振荡,这种振荡是由上往下传播的。无论冬、夏季,准二周和准一周振荡都是由西往东传播的,而扰动的南北传播方向则与季节及振荡周期长度有关。南极地区的中期振荡特征与500hPa极地涡旋的活动和强度变化有密切关系。     

广西地区小侵入体与金屬矿床的关系及其成矿預測

一、小侵入体一般概念及其特点小侵入体概念問題,目前还未有統一的解釋,苏联地質学家阿布杜拉耶夫所著成矿作用与花崗岩类侵入作用的成因关系一書中,認为小侵入体具浅成外形,范围小,其单独侵入体露头的横断面很少超过1～1.5公里,呈岩株状或岩墙状;一般具有斑状及細粒状結构。杨敏之同志在57年1期地質知識发表的岩墙与矿脉的互相关系一文中認为小侵入体包括岩株、岩墙、岩斗等直径不大(数百米到数公里)的侵入体。笔者認为小浸入体主要是指火成岩的岩株而言,但可以包括与侵入体有关的岩床、岩脉,其范围根据主要     

北极苔原Ny-?lesund地区短期气候特征

利用我国北极黄河站所在地,德国Koldwey站1994-2003年的逐时常规气象资料,对北极苔原Ny lesund地区短期气候特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,由于受北大西洋暖流的影响,该地是北极同纬度温度最高的地区。岛上气候温暖湿润,即使在隆冬季节,日平均气温都可以升至0℃以上。全年平均风力较小,以东南(SE)风居多。该地区平均增温速度为0. 68℃/10a,是北极增温较快的地区之一。与同期我国北冰洋浮冰区考察数据相比较,Ny lesund气候更温暖湿润,风速要小得多。在Ny lesund地区,美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的近地面气温的再分析结果,与Koldwey站实测常规地面资料相比,在冬季基本一致,而在夏季则差异较大。     

The sensitivity of ground surface temperature prediction to soil thermal properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (λ) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of λ involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of ±2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.     

青藏高原地区MODIS反照率两种反演结果差异的对比分析

采用对照反演比法对比分析了青藏高原地区相同时空条件下的MODIS反照率当量反演结果和全反演结果的差异。利用2002—2004年青藏高原地区Terra MODIS数据开展的对照反演试验表明:(1)黑空反射率BSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差小于0.03,白空反射率WSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差约为0.04;BSA两种反演结果绝对偏差的标准差约为0.05,而WSA的则更大。(2)BSA两种反演结果和WSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差均存在一定的年际差异。(3)可见光区反照率两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差一般大于红外光区两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差。(4)两种地表反照率反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差在青藏高原地区三种主要地表类型的差异不大。     

呼和浩特市近50a气温变化特征分析

利用呼和浩特市1961—2010年气温资料,用线性回归、方差分析等统计方法分析呼市气温的年代际变化特征以及季节性变化规律,指出近50a来平均气温以每0.57℃/10a的幅度增高。     

Wave-dependence of friction velocity,roughness length,and drag coefficient over coastal and open water surfaces by using three databases

The parameterization of friction velocity, roughness length, and the drag coefficient over coastal zones and open water surfaces enables us to better understand the physical processes of air-water interaction. In context of measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX), we recently proposed wave-parameter dependent approaches to sea surface friction velocity and the aerodynamic roughness by using the dimensional analysis method. To extend the application of these approaches to a range of natural surface conditions, the present study is to assess this approach by using both coastal shallow (RASEX) and open water surface measurements (Lake Ontario and Grand Banks ERS-1 SAR) where wind speeds were greater than 6.44 m s^-1. Friction velocities, the surface aerodynamic roughness, and the neutral drag coefficient estimated by these approaches under moderate wind conditions were compared with the measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the coefficients in these approaches for coastal shallow water surface differ from those for open water surfaces, and that the aerodynamic roughness length in terms of wave age or significant wave height should be treated differently for coastal shallow and open water surfaces.     

大理雨季开始期演变及异常环流特征分析

利用云南省大理州12个气象站1962～2008年共47a雨季开始期资料及NCEP／NCAR高度场及风场资料分析了大理雨季开始期的时空分布特征及异常年环流特征。EOF分析表明,大理雨季开始期存在多种空间分布类型,主要的分布型是一致偏早（晚）型及东南一西北型。Morlet小波分析表明,大理雨季开始期在20世纪60年代初到70年代中期偏早,70年代中期至90年代初偏晚,90年代初至今偏早;且存在约2a和10a的特征时间周期变化。异常偏早年5月高度距平场上北半球经向上呈“-＋-”的分布,异常偏晚年则相反,呈“＋-＋”的分布。异常年5月高、中低层的距平风场同样存在明显差异,异常偏早年高层存在增强伊朗高压的反气旋环流,低层存在偏强的南亚季风环流,异常偏晚年则是相反的环流特征。