北极苔原Ny-?lesund地区短期气候特征

利用我国北极黄河站所在地,德国Koldwey站1994-2003年的逐时常规气象资料,对北极苔原Ny lesund地区短期气候特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,由于受北大西洋暖流的影响,该地是北极同纬度温度最高的地区。岛上气候温暖湿润,即使在隆冬季节,日平均气温都可以升至0℃以上。全年平均风力较小,以东南(SE)风居多。该地区平均增温速度为0. 68℃/10a,是北极增温较快的地区之一。与同期我国北冰洋浮冰区考察数据相比较,Ny lesund气候更温暖湿润,风速要小得多。在Ny lesund地区,美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的近地面气温的再分析结果,与Koldwey站实测常规地面资料相比,在冬季基本一致,而在夏季则差异较大。

SHORT-TERM CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS AT THE NY-(A)LESUND OVER THE ARCTIC TUNDRA AREA

Based on Germany Koldwey Station′s 1994—2003 conventional observation hourly data, this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-term climate characteristics for an Arctic tundra region (Ny-lesund island) where our first arctic expedition station (Huanghe Station) was located. Affected by the North Atlantic warming current, this area has a humid temperate climate, and the air temperature at the Ny-lesund raised above 0℃ even during deep winter season during our research period. The wind speed in this area was low and appeared most at southeast direction. We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund raised in the faster speed (0 68℃/10 a) than at the whole Arctic area. Compared with the expedition results obtained at the floating ices in the Arctic, Ny-lesund was warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed. Comparison of the near surface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventional measurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good agreement with winter season and a significant difference for summer season.