瘧疾与地理

中山大学自迁至石牌新址以来,住校员生之患疟者,不可胜数,尤以春夏两季为甚。且其来频,传染速,因此教职真相戒不愿驻校,即校章规定必须寄宿之学生,亦每值课余假日,相率离校入市。员生工作,不免受其影响。(艹盍)已患者,同寻求避免,时存戒惧;即未患者,亦操作不安,而效能减少,此诚为学校当局最切要之一问题。欲求解决,应先明其因。     

池谷-村上（P／2010 V1）彗星发现记

憧憬狮子座 2010年10月27日,我在傍晚时分进行过一次寻彗,之后天气变坏,一直持续阴雨。今天又到了凌晨寻彗的时候了,而上次凌晨寻彗是在10月19日,距今已逾两周了。关勉曾著书提及,在10月这段时间内,不少新彗星正是在狮子座被发现的,因此我一直憧憬着狮子座,希望能够在那里有新发现。然而很遗憾,10月份天气太差,一直没有机会在狮子座寻找彗星。     

华北地块北缘内蒙古固阳地区早二叠世岩体的侵位深度及其构造意义

运用角闪石一斜长石温度计和角闪石全铝压力计估算的华北地块北缘内蒙古隆起西段固阳地区早二叠世花岗质岩体的结晶温度和侵位深度分别为679.1~728.7℃和15.6~19.8 km,表明白早二叠世以来,固阳地区至少有15.6km的地壳岩石被剥露。这一构造抬升及剥露是造成该区中—新元古代地层不连续分布及古生代—早中生代地层普遍缺失的最主要原因。岩体侵位深度与区域前二叠纪最大沉积地层厚度(13.0 km)对比结果表明,早二叠世之前,华北地块北缘已经发生了明显的褶皱或逆冲构造变形,从而导致了地壳岩石的叠覆与加厚。这一早二叠世之前的构造变形及地壳加厚可能与晚古生代期间古亚洲洋板块向华北地块下俯冲有关。     

全球气候变化研究与科学数据

在阐明气候系统和科学数据关系的基础上,提出气候变化研究应该重视地球系统研究对科学数据的需求。在回顾我国近10年来全球变化研究概况的基础上,指出了观测资料和数据再分析产品在全球变化研究中的重要性,并进一步总结了国外气象数据共享情况,最后对我国地球系统科学数据共享中心今后的发展提出了几点建议。     

云南普者黑成景水文地质条件及岩溶特征

认为普者黑景区具有独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌特征,指出持久保存、保护普者黑岩溶水文系统必须遵循的原则。     

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model, Spectral Version 2: FGOALS-s2

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2) was used to simulate realistic climates and to study anthropogenic influences on climate change. Specifically, the FGOALS-s2 was integrated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to conduct coordinated experiments that will provide valuable scientific information to climate research communities. The performances of FGOALS-s2 were assessed in simulating major climate phenomena, and documented both the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The results indicate that FGOALS-s2 successfully overcomes climate drift, and realistically models global and regional climate characteristics, including SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. In particular, the model accurately captures annual and semi-annual SST cycles in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the main characteristic features of the Asian summer monsoon, which include a low-level southwestern jet and five monsoon rainfall centers. The simulated climate variability was further examined in terms of teleconnections, leading modes of global SST (namely, ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO), and changes in 19th–20th century climate. The analysis demonstrates that FGOALS-s2 realistically simulates extra-tropical teleconnection patterns of large-scale climate, and irregular ENSO periods. The model gives fairly reasonable reconstructions of spatial patterns of PDO and global monsoon changes in the 20th century. However, because the indirect effects of aerosols are not included in the model, the simulated global temperature change during the period 1850–2005 is greater than the observed warming, by 0.6°C. Some other shortcomings of the model are also noted.     

Seasonal evolution of subtropical anticyclones in the climate system model FGOALS-s2

The simulation characteristics of the seasonal evolution of subtropical anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere are documented for the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Systemmodel, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2), developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics. An understanding of the seasonal evolution of the subtropical anticyclones is also addressed. Compared with the global analysis established by the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts, the ERA-40 global reanalysis data, the general features of subtropical anticyclones and their evolution are simulated well in both winter and summer, while in spring a pronounced bias in the generation of the South Asia Anticyclone(SAA) exists. Its main deviation in geopotential height from the reanalysis is consistent with the bias of temperature in the troposphere. It is found that condensation heating (CO) plays a dominant role in the seasonal development of the SAA and the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific (SAWP) in the middle troposphere. The CO biases in the model account for the biases in the establishment of the SAA in spring and the weaker strength of the SAA and the SAWP from spring to summer. CO is persistently overestimated in the central-east tropical Pacific from winter to summer, while it is underestimated over the area from the South China Sea to the western Pacific from spring to summer. Such biases generate an illusive anticyclonic gyre in the upper troposphere above the middle Pacific and delay the generation of the SAA over South Asia in April. In midsummer, the simulated SAA is located farther north than in the ERA-40 data owing to excessively strong surface sensible heating (SE) to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. Whereas, the two surface subtropical anticyclones in the eastern oceans during spring to summer are controlled mainly by the surface SE over the two continents in the Northern Hemisphere, which are simulated reasonably well, albeit with their centers shifted westwards owing to the weaker longwave radiation cooling in the simulation associated with much weaker local stratiform cloud. Further improvements in the related parameterization of physical processes are therefore identified.     

副热带高压气候动力学研究回顾

基于早期副热带高压气候动力学的研究,本文重点介绍了近10 a在南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压形成和变异机理方面的动力学研究,包括南亚高压的建立和维持机理、副热带高压的季节变化、年际—年代际变化和未来预估,最后讨论了需要进一步深入研究的方面。     

TROPICAL GRAVITY-ATMOSPHERIC LONG WAVE AND THE WALKER CIRCULATION

Orders of magnitude of terms related to earth's rotation in linearized vorticity and divergence equations governing tropical large-scale motion are analysed. It is discovered that βyD and βyζ are smaller by one order than βv and βu respectively and then may be neglected. On this basis, tropical wave motions are di s-cussed. It is found that there exists a kind of gravity-atmospheric long waves which is non-vorticit atmospheric long wave, whereas the Kelvin wave is essentially the gravity-atmospheric long wave with its velocity being much lower than that of gravity. Computation shows that there also exists a kind of large-scale slow waves whose moving speed is lower by one order of magnitude than that of Kelvin wave. Such slow wavs is likely to be the Walker Circulation.     

冀北承德地区晚侏罗世盆地充填记录及其构造含义

冀北承德盆地由晚侏罗世早期髫髻山组和晚侏罗世中期至早白垩世早期土城子组地层组成。盆地充填的土城子组沉积学特征显示盆地北区沉积过程受控于北部的丰宁—隆化断裂带的构造活动,盆地南区受南缘承德县断裂和吉余庆断裂的构造作用控制。土城子期承德盆地快速充填过程是该时期区域较强烈的一次板内变形幕的反映。这一陆内变形幕起始于土城子组,结束于土城子组沉积期末,并使承德盆地形成了一个不对称向斜褶皱。早白垩世张家口组底部火山岩下的不整合(135±1 Ma)制约了这一时代上限。