青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2,CH4和N2O排放通量研究

Using static chamber technique, fluxes of CO2, CHh and N2O were measured in the alpinegrassland area from July 2000 to July 2001, determinations of mean fluxes showed that CO2 and N2Owere generally released from the soil, while the alpine grassland accounted for a weak CH4 sink.Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O ranged widely. The highest CO2 emission occurred in August, whereasalmost 90% of the whole year emission occurred in the growing season. But the variations of CH4and N2O fluxes did not show any clear patterns over the one-year-experiment. During a dailyvariation, the maximum CO2 emission occurred at 16:00, and then decreased to the minimumemission in the early morning. Daily pattern analyses indicated that the variation in CO2 fluxes waspositively related to air temperatures (R2=0.73) and soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm (R2=4).86),whereas daily variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were poorly explained by soil temperatures andclimatic variables. CO2 emissions in this area were much lower than other grasslands in plain areas.     

放射性碳同位素在土壤碳循环中的应用

文中介绍了放射性碳同位素方法在土壤碳循环中的应用,分析了在土壤有机质、土壤CO2气体研究中的主要方法和模型,并指出土壤有机质的放射性测定可以研究较长时间尺度的碳循环(十几年、几十年至更长时间尺度),而土壤CO2气体的放射性测定可以研究短期(季节变化和年变化)内碳的动态。放射性碳同位素用于土壤中细根周转时间的计算、土地利用变化等方面的研究成果及方法也在文中分别作了介绍和分析。最后提出了国内研究应加强的领域和未来利用放射性碳同位素方法研究土壤碳循环的重点研究方向和发展趋势。