一种新的单多普勒雷达风场反演方法

本文提出的 VPP(Velocity Plan Processing)方法是根据单位分析单元内部风场是均一的假定条件 ,通过变分的思想得到水平切向风场 ,进而转换成水平风场。文中对单位分析单元大小对反演风场误差的影响进行了分析 ,结果表明 :分析单元方位角跨度大于等于 6°时会得到较高的反演精度。为了验证 VPP的结果 ,进行了模拟及实例反演 ,文中给出了两个反演实例 ,第一实例为梅雨锋过程 ,第二个为中尺度雹暴过程。结果表明可以很好地反演中尺度系统     

层结大气中非线性椭圆余弦波和孤立波的研究

在前文采用半地转近似和行波法来研究层结大气中的非线性波动的基础上,进一步探讨非线性方程及其级数近似方程的解的稳定性,波动解的存在条件和波动的一些特征。研究指出,在平衡点附近,将非线性方程用其级数近似方程代替是可行的、合理的。在初始拟能满足一定的条件下,椭圆余弦波和孤立波是存在的。文中还求得了椭圆余弦波解的周期、ｘ向波长和振幅以及孤立波的宽度和振幅。并指出,孤立波的宽度和振幅不但与波速有关,还与β因子和层结稳定度有关,而且在相同的某条件下,西行的混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ－重力孤立波比起东行的惯性重力孤立波来,宽度要小但振幅却大。     

Experiments in forecasting mesoscale convective weather over Changjiang delta

The real time operational severe convective weather forecast experiment carried out during May to July in 1990 over the Changjiang Delta is briefly described. The heavy rainfall and severe convective weather forecast worksheets for the Changjiang Delta have been proposed and used in the daily forecasting. Results show that the ability of 0-12h convective weather prediction has been improved significantly after the development of the forecast methods and the establishment of a mesoscale forecast base at Shanghai Meteorological Center during 1986 to 1990.Three cases of convective weather systems (meso-alpha, meso-beta, meso-gamma) during the experiment period are described and discussed.     

西藏洞错地区多尼组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对洞错地区早白垩世多尼组砂岩的碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb测年研究。结果表明,锆石颗粒粒径为50～180μm,Th/U值大,约51颗锆石的比值大于0.4,平均值约为0.64,说明锆石大部分为岩浆成因,部分可能为变质成因;锆石年龄主要分布在7个区间范围(或峰值):3261Ma、2739～2335Ma、1880～1750Ma、1006～657Ma、577～510Ma、456～409Ma和252～202Ma。3261Ma的最老碎屑锆石颗粒说明,其物源区存在古太古代古老地壳的残留。锆石U-Pb年龄谱对应羌塘地块经历的几次构造热事件,验证了洞错地区早白垩世沉积物的物源可能来自北部的南羌塘地块。     

湖南资水流域切变线天气形势下中β尺度对流系统的数值模拟研究

本文对湖南资水流域700hPa层呈现相似切变线天气形势的两次天气过程进行了研究,其中一次是2001年6月19日08BST出现大暴雨,另一次是2001年8月13日08 BST至14日08 BST仅出现小雨,文中对这两个个例进行中尺度数值模拟,对比分析了这两个个例演变过程的差异,并对6月19日中β尺度对流系统在暴雨强盛期的动力结构特征和热力结构特征作了详细分析。研究结果表明6月19日在演变过程中生产的中β尺度对流系统引发了这次暴雨,而8月13日虽然有类似于6月19日的切变线,但是没有形成中β尺度对流系统,也就没有引发暴雨。由此表明,相似的700hPa形势可以有根本不一样的演变,而暴雨的发生与中β尺度对流系统的生产和发展有十分密切的关系。     

8805号登陆台风特大暴雨的数值模拟

应用中尺度模式ＭＭ４,使用了一种简单的模式台风处理方法,成功地模拟了８８０５号台风登陆前后的演变及其伴随的特五暴雨过程,即对分析的台风中心物理量场进行修正而形成与实况极为一致的初值,以期能更好地模拟台风过程。从模拟结果可以看出,台风降水强度中心基本上是随台风登陆移动而变化的,每一时期的降水中心基本上与台风移动的路径一致或略偏前方,在登陆时的降水最大,这种降水变化与台风上升运动的烛一致的,上升运动越     

藏北羌塘盆地基底高级变质岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

俄久卖高级变质岩位于藏北羌塘盆地中央隆起带北缘的玛依岗日地区,是目前羌塘盆地基底高级变质岩石的唯一代表。该高级变质岩由正片麻岩和副片麻岩组成,本文以正片麻岩为研究重点。正片麻岩锆石CL图像显示出明显的核—幔—边结构。根据LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果,锆石核部年龄范围为242~2490Ma,记录了岩浆岩源岩的年代信息;锆石幔部具有典型的岩浆振荡环带结构,年龄为207Ma±2Ma,相应的Th/U值介于0.02~0.30之间,代表正片麻岩原岩的岩浆结晶时代,该年龄与羌塘中部地区晚三叠世高压变质作用和岛弧岩浆作用在时空上相对应。锆石增生边的年龄为161~197Ma,对应的Th/U值介于0.02~0.15之间,代表片麻岩发生主变质作用的时代,可能是班公湖-怒江洋盆向北的俯冲消减作用在羌塘中部地区的响应。地球化学资料显示,正片麻岩具有类似岛弧型火山岩的地球化学特征。综合区域地质资料,俄久卖高级变质岩原岩的形成与区域上广泛存在的晚三叠世构造、岩浆及角度不整合事件相对应,可能指示羌塘盆地统一基底的形成时代为晚三叠世。这对深入认识羌塘盆地基底的时代、性质及含油气盆地资源远景评价等具有重要意义。     

Strategic assessment of fuel taxation in energy conservation and CO2 reduction for road transportation: a case study from China

Road transportation has attracted extensive attention throughout the world because of its high energy demands and numerous externalities. Sustainable road transportation has thus become a great challenge for politicians and decision-makers all over the world. There have been a series of studies indicating that appropriate pricing of fuel can be both effective and efficient for reducing overconsumption of transport fuel. However, relatively little research has been done on fuel price approaches in developing country contexts. For a country like China, where road traffic today is growing more than in other countries, there is a strategic interest to do more economic analyses of fair and efficient pricing of fuel. In this study, we present a strategic assessment of fuel pricing in energy conservation and CO₂ reduction from road transportation in China, both in a retrospective and a prospective perspective. First of all, the correlation between fuel price and road transport gasoline demand, based upon data from 1995 to 2007, was examined with an econometric model. Secondly, on basis of the elasticity model, the potential reductions with respect to fuel demand and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions as a consequence of a strategic fuel tax implementation in China were examined up to 2030. The results indicate that such strategic fuel taxation can play a considerable role in steering the growth of road transport gasoline demand, and thus also Chinese GHG emissions.     

Eco-compensation of wetlands in Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province, China

Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people,yet wetlands are cur-rently decreasing and deteriorating.The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becoming in-creasingly important for policy makers.In this study,remote sensing,field investigations,department visits,and other methods were used to survey wetland types,assess wetland area changes,and calculate wetland economic value.Mar-ket value loss and ecological function value loss,caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation,ecological valuation,environmental protection investment cost analysis,and outcome parameters.According to market value loss and ecological function value loss,preliminarily fund allocation for wetland and ecological compensation was calculated.This will provide an important reference for future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies.