双线性极化天线的CAPS信号合成捕获算法

针对中国区域定位系统(China Area Positioning System,CAPS)接收机采用圆极化天线接收线极化信号引入极化损失的问题,提出了一种基于双线性极化天线的信号合成捕获算法.算法首先对双线性极化天线接收的两路CAPS导航信号实现捕获,并根据捕获结果进行信号同步;进而利用最大比合并合成两路信号以提高接收信号的信噪比.应用于实测数据的分析表明,合成信号的信噪比相比单路信号信噪比有1.5 dB左右的改善.     

CHAMP观测资料的振幅反演初步结果

在几何光学和薄相位屏的假设下，给出GPS／LEO无线电掩星反演地球大气技术中振幅反演的计算方法．从产生接收信号振幅变化的机制出发，提出产生信号振幅变化的几何衰减和物理衰减两个不同的源．利用CHAMP卫星观测资料的个例，用观测信噪比序列进行了大气弯曲角、大气折射率、压力、温度剖面的反演；并与相位反演结果进行比较和讨论．     

接收参数对GPS时间比对精度影响的比较分析

本中，采用多元线性逐步回归分析方法进行了接收参数－－信噪比（SN）、仰角（EL）、方位角（AZM）、电离层（ION）对GPS时间比对精度（在数据跟踪持续时间15分钟内取样平均时间为10秒的时间起伏均方差）影响的一些比较分析，结果表明：信噪比这个参数在多数情况中是影响GPS时间比对精度的主要因素。     

射电天文台址常驻电磁干扰检测与识别方法

为有效统计射电天文台址常驻电磁干扰的变化,提高实时电磁环境监测效率,提出一种基于先验信息的常驻电磁干扰信号检测与识别方法.首先通过信噪分离,信号能量估值从电磁环境历史监测数据中提取移动通信,地面数字电视等常驻大信号的中心频率、极化方式、来波方向等特征,经对无线信号传播信道的衰落方式进行分析,提出信号能量模型服从的分布函数假设并采用K-S检验验证该假设,合理设置能量阈值,建立信号模板库.其次,根据信号模板库中的信号特征对实时频谱数据进行双门限能量检测、信号相关性识别,从而提高信号检验的准确率,实现了常驻信号的快速统计.针对射电天文台址实测频谱,运用该方法能够有效识别并统计频谱中的常驻信号,从而为台址干扰缓解策略制定提供重要依据.     

特定电磁环境下“北斗一号”系统与GPS组合接收机天线的设计与评估

针对“北斗一号”（“BD-1”）系统与GPS系统组合接收机在特定电磁环境下的需求,设计了一种组合接收机天线。该组合天线融合了四臂螺旋天线（FHA）与GPS微带天线的特点,并考虑了天线的空间结构。设计的组合天线具有良好的电磁兼容性,仿真结果表明该天线对于接收“北斗”和GPS信号都具有较好的圆极化轴比和增益方向图。研制的组合天线在微波暗室测试中和实际使用中都取得了较好结果。     

中国首次GPS共视法时间传递与同步试验

利用GPS系统传递时间信息,受到各国时频工作者的关注,中国北京无线电计量测试研究昕(BIRM)和中国科学院武汉测量与地球物理研究所(WTO)等单位于1987年7月12至18目在北京、西安、临潼三地同时进行中国首次GPS共视法时间传递与同步试验,得到接收点均方根时间起伏值优于3.5ns,单站接收一个GPS卫星时间传递与同步误差可达5～16ns,两站共视接收GPS信号的时间传递与同步误差可以减小5ns左右,利用搬运钟验证,站间时间同步准确度可优于50ns。     

GPS信号延时相乘捕获算法的检测率仿真

对全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)信号捕获中的延时相乘捕获算法的检测率进行了仿真分析.延时相乘捕获算法消除了多普勒频偏的影响,适用于高动态环境下信号的捕获.但算法的缺点是延时相乘操作增加了噪声量,从而降低了信噪比,影响检测性能.针对算法的缺点,通过理论计算与蒙特卡罗方法仿真,分析了算法中检测变量的噪声分布.从仿真结果看,检测变量的噪声符合高斯分布.根据噪声分布,计算了在不同信号载噪比(C/N0)条件下延时相乘捕获算法的检测率与虚检率的关系.通过减小噪声带宽和延长积分时间,可以提高算法的检测率.     

基于GPS实现测频等功能的虚拟仪器的研制

设计和研制了一种适用于大专院校示范教学实验的虚拟仪器。该虚拟仪器以GPS接收模块输出的1PPS(秒脉冲)信号为基准,测量无源石英晶体振荡器频率,同时利用GPS信号实现了仪器的时间同步与测距功能。从硬件和软件两方面描述了该虚拟仪器的构成及设计方法,主要介绍和讨论基于GPS和虚拟仪器技术实现多功能测量的途径。     

基于泊松模型的X射线脉冲星信号的最大似然TOA估计

讨论了X射线脉冲星光子到达的周期平稳Poisson模型和到达时刻(Time of arrival,TOA)估计问题.在此基础上,得到了脉冲到达时刻的最大似然估计和克拉美-罗限(Cramer-Rao boundary,CRB),并推导了低信噪比情况下的似然函数近似表达和克拉美-罗限.利用解析的脉冲轮廓,对PSR B1821-24的TOA估计进行了Monte Carlo仿真,讨论了不同观测时间和信噪比下的估计误差,给出了相应的信噪比门限.研究表明:该分析方法能够有效估计X射线脉冲星的TOA定时精度,有利于评估其在各种应用中的性能.     

GPS定位中的误差分析

介绍了GPS的空间部分、地面控制部分和用户部分的发展状况及其作用。并对GPS定位的基本原理做了阐述。GPS定位误差由几何精度因子和站星距离的测量误差决定,站星距离的测量误差由3大类误差因素决定,它们是与GPS卫星有关的误差、与GPS卫星信号传播有关的误差、与GPS信号接收设备有关的误差。对上述重要误差进行了系统全面的分析,并提出了具体的误差修正模型及各种减小或消除误差的方法。     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Born–Infeld type phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω _φ ∼−1, Ω _φ =1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.      

A Comparison of Several Image Locating Algorithms in Astronomical Instruments

In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively.     

Shear and vorticity in a combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke inflationary lambda-Universe

A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is developed through Raychaudhuri’s equation, for inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble’s parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but the angular speed does not (Astrophys. Space Sci. 312: 275, 2007d).      

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.