存在非同步转动的双星演化模型

通过计算双星演化中的角动量转移,研究了潮汐作用下双星系统自转与公转周期的变化以及潮汐作用对双星演化的影响.结果表明,密近双星系统在主序演化时,潮汐摩擦会在较短的时间内使自转与公转达到比较接近的状态,此后经过一个较长时间的调整才能使自转与公转达到同步转动.物质交换阶段开始后,半相接双星系统更容易出现非同步转动,而相接双星系统物质交换很难破坏系统的同步状态.同时比较了非同步双星模型与同步双星模型演化曲线在赫罗图上的不同,结果表明非同步模型在物质交换阶段主星演化曲线向赫罗图光度和有效温度高的方向移动.最后通过对统计的观测数据进行分析后发现,采用该模型可以解释观测上双星超过潮汐锁定时标后仍然存在非同步转动的现象.     

近相接双星室女座BF的轨道周期变化

收集了近相接双星ＢＦ Ｖｉｒ的光极小时刻,并对其轨道周期进行分析。结果表明该星的轨道周期在长期减小的财时也含有３０年的周期性变化,对引起轨道周期变化的各种物理机制的分析研究表明：一个质量为０．２８１Ｍ⊙、绕公共质心的轨道半径为１０．２ＵＡ的第３天体的存在能对轨道周期的周期性变化成份作出解释,如果轨道周期的周期性变化成份是由于次子星的周期性磁活动引起,那么系统总光度就应该有振幅０．０９７Ｌ⊙的周期性     

中子星中心致密天体的双星起源

探讨了认为中心致密天体(CCO)起源于双星的可能性.首先, CCO与正常遗迹脉冲星有着相似的平均自旋周期,但CCO的平均表面磁场强度(B～5.4×10~(10)Gs)低于正常遗迹脉冲星(B～7.7×10~(12)Gs)～2个量级.同时,几乎所有的正常遗迹脉冲星均分布在爱丁顿吸积加速线以上,而CCO全部分布在自旋加速线以下.因此怀疑CCO可能起源于双星吸积加速过程.其次,基于中子星再加速理论,分析了CCO可能的双星演化过程:双星系统中, CCO以M～1017g·s~(-1)的吸积率,经过～106yr的时间共吸积△M～10~(-2)M⊙的物质,其自旋周期将会从P～10 s降低至P～0.1 s,表面磁场强度将会从B～10~(12)Gs降低至B～1010Gs.考虑到～106yr的演化时标远大于CCO遗迹的年龄(～0.3–7 kyr),猜想CCO可能是双星系统中第1颗恒星超新星爆发的产物,而第2颗恒星超新星爆发后双星解体,留下CCO和第2颗恒星的超新星遗迹.该模型预言在CCO附近可能存在一颗年轻的正常脉冲星(P～0.02 s, B～1012Gs),并期望未来的射电望远镜和高能探测器能够进行搜寻.     

大质量双星系统的非守恒演化

由于大质量双星系统有强大的星风物质损失,因而在研究其结构和演化时必须考虑星风物质损失,动量损失,物质交换以及由以上原因引起的轨道参量的变化,此外,天文观测又证实,一些大质量双星系统中存在星风冲击波,有Ｘ射线辐射以及有致密天体（白矮星,中子星）的存在,因此在研究大质量双星的演化时,又会遇到在星风冲击波理论及其对演化的影响,双星系统何时会演化成为公共外壳的系统,以及双星系统中如果发生超新星爆发,是否会     

恒星绝热物质损失模型

双星间的快速物质交换是一个非常复杂的过程,它涉及到双星演化的两个基本问题:物质交换的动力学不稳定性和公共包层的形成和演化.这两个问题是双星演化中最不清楚的两个基本问题.本论文通过建立相互作用双星之间的快速(绝热)物质损失模型,研究双星演化中物质交换的不稳定性判据和对公共包层的演化结局作出理论限制.利用恒星绝热物质损失模型得到的结果,还有很多潜在应用.比如,促进含双星的大样本恒星演化研究,改进演化星族合成方法等.恒星绝热物质损失模型的建立,基于主星在快速物质损失过程中,恒星内部的热量来不及交换,     

云南-香港宽视场巡天新发现的一个磁活动双星系统

云南-香港宽视场巡天新发现了一个磁活动双星系统,其轨道周期为0.60286 d.利用云南天文台1 m光学望远镜附加CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)相机,观测得到了这个双星系统的V、Rc双色光变曲线,结果表明该系统食外存在明显的测光畸变.借助云南天文台丽江2.4 m望远镜附加云南暗弱天体光谱成像仪(Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera, YFOSC)对该双星系统的分光观测,测定了该双星系统主星的视向速度曲线并发现该系统的主星表面存在着强烈的色球活动,从而证明系统的光变曲线畸变源自主星的黑子活动.使用W-D (Wilson-Devinney)程序分析上述观测得到的光变曲线和视向速度曲线,得到了该双星系统的轨道参数以及黑子参数.最后,对该系统的特性进行了讨论并对未来的工作进行了展望.     

密近双星自转的测量和研究(Ⅲ)──同步性的统计性质

我们对前文（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）的实测和计算结果进行了统计分析，讨论了自转同步与相对半径、轨道周期间的关系．结果表明：几乎所有r＞0．18的不相接双星系统子星都是同步的，而r＜0．10的子星均处于非同步自转．在相接、半相接双星系统中，同步性与相对半径r也有很好的相关性，但由于子星间物质交流的影响，它们的同步性临界相对半径为0．21，大于不相接双星系统的0.18．     

半相接双星V505Sagittarii的周期分析

用Ｋａｌｉｍａｅｒｉｓ等人提出的周期分析新方法对Ａｌｇｏｌ型半相接双星Ｖ５０５Ｓｇｒ的Ｏ－Ｃ曲线进行分析,结果表这颗食双星的轨道周期是周期性变化的,其变化周期为４１．５ａ、振为０．４５３＊１０＾－５ｄ。这与Ｃｈａｍｂｌｉｓｓ等人（１９９３）从测光分析所得的第三天体的轨道周期（Ｐ＝１０５ａ）是不同的。通过对能引起轨道周期 期性变化的两种物理机制（次子星周期性的磁活动和第三天体的存在）的研究表明,该系     

贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成

贫金属富碳恒星(Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor, CEMP)是研究宇宙早期恒星性质和化学演化的极佳样本,通常认为来自双星.目前发现的贫金属富碳星中有9颗天琴RR变星(RR Lyrae star, RRL),其中至少7颗未表现出任何双星特征.传统双星物质转移模型不足以充分解释贫金属富碳天琴RR变星(CEMP-RR Lyrae)单星的形成.之前研究表明氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星(HG)的并合模型可以解释部分富碳红巨星单星的碳增丰现象,因此贫金属富碳星单星也可能来自氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星的并合模型渠道.通过详细计算的氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型来检验这一演化渠道,结果表明:该并合模型在后续的演化过程中,其重力加速度、温度、表面碳丰度均能与观测符合较好.由此,氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型极有可能是贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成渠道之一.     

稳定物质转移通道形成双黑洞

由于缺乏足够的观测数据,大质量恒星的研究进展缓慢,到目前为止大质量恒星演化和黑洞详细的形成过程还存在较大争议。LIGO首次探测到恒星级双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号,这不但验证了爱因斯坦20世纪的预言,而且还证实了大质量双黑洞的存在。研究工作采用恒星演化程序MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics)计算孤立双星的演化,主星初始质量为20 M⊙～80 M⊙,金属丰度为0.000 1～0.002,初始双星质量比为0.7～0.9。双星系统通过稳定物质转移通道,形成总质量(15～110) M⊙范围内的双黑洞。形成双黑洞的并合时标强烈依赖于初始轨道周期,只有初始轨道周期不大于5 d的双星系统演化形成的双黑洞,通过引力波辐射损失角动量,最终可能在哈勃时标内并合。研究工作得到的结果可以解释部分现阶段已经探测到的引力波事件。     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.