FSRQ 0208-512的光学波段长周期光变分析和色指数变化研究

从SMARTS (The Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System)数据库,收集到了平谱射电类星体(FRSQ) 0208-512天体光学波段B、 V、 R的观测数据,数据从2008年2月–2017年8月,时间跨度近10 yr.分别获得了光学B波段数据627组、V波段数据634组、 R波段数据639组.通过加权小波Z变换法(WWZ)和蒙特卡洛模拟的LombScargle periodogram (LSP)方法研究得出了如下结论:(1)在两种方法中都得到了光学B、V、R 3个波段有可能存在396 d左右约为1.08 yr的周期性光变;(2)得到了B波段星等B与光学波段色指数(B-V)呈正相关关系,当B星等越小时色指数(B-V)越小,即越亮越蓝;(3)通过光学3个波段的1.08 yr的长周期光变得到天体中心黑洞质量M约为0.12×106M⊙,辐射区半径RM=1.052×108km,其中M⊙为太阳质量.     

高红移耀变体4C 38.41光学多波段光变性质

4C 38.41是一颗红移为1.813、可分类为平谱射电类星体的耀变体,使用一台85 cm望远镜在2018年2月22日至26日期间对其进行了光学V和R波段测光观测,得到两个波段的准同时数据.基于这些数据分析了该源在不同光变时标下的光变特性.结果表明:这颗源在观测期间处于较弱的活动状态, V和R波段星等(V, R)总变化均约为0.20等.在天内时标下,其中3晚探测到了该源的天内光变,另有一晚可能存在天内光变.此外,通过色指数和时延分析发现4C 38.41在不同时标下都展现越亮越红行为,与大多数平谱射电类星体类似,但在最后一晚4C 38.41在颜色-星等图上呈现出v字形,即首先展现越亮越红行为,然后转变为越亮越蓝行为,这可能是由该源的辐射在吸积盘主导和喷流主导之间的转换造成的.此外在第2晚探测到了V、R波段之间的时延,这是首次在高红移耀变体中探测到不同光学波段光变之间的时延,可以用随机同步辐射小结构模型来解释.     

3C 120射电光变曲线中的一个可能周期

本文利用两种周期分析方法(Jurkevich方法和功率谱方法)分析了赛弗特星系3C120五个射电波段的光变曲线(4.8,8,14.5,22和37 GHz)。结果发现了一个大约为4.2a(年)的周期共同存在于5个波段的光变曲线中。这个周期可能能用双黑洞模型来解释。     

AO 0235+164射电波段宽带谱指数周期性变化的研究

收集了AO 0235+164天体射电4.8 GHz和14.5 GHz波段的光变测量数据,并获得了长期的光变曲线,从光变曲线可以看出其活动是非常剧烈的。利用Jurkevich方法和自相关函数方法分别对AO 0235+164射电波段宽带谱指数进行周期性分析,并对流量和谱指数进行相关性分析,研究结果表明:(1)AO 0235+164天体射电波段4.8 GHz～14.5 GHz对应的宽带谱指数,可能存在5.30年的光变周期,与Liu等人用功率谱法在射电波段发现其流量密度可能存在5.59±0.47年的光变周期基本吻合;(2)宽带谱指数与流量密度之间存在相关性。     

低峰频blazars的射电光变分析

从大量文献资料中收集了6个低峰频blazars(BL Lacertae、0235+164、OQ530、0716+714、3C 345及3C 273)最近30多年来在4.8 GHz、8 GHz、14.5 GHz、22GHz和37 GHz最完备的光变数据.利用离散相关函数法对这6个源的相关性及延迟进行分析,利用结构函数法对6个源的光变曲线的光变周期和光变时标进行分析并对其光变幅度进行比较分析.分析结果显示:在光变幅度方面,0716+714和0235+164在6个blazars中的光变幅度相对较大,3C 345和OQ 530次之,3C 273和BL Lacertae的光变幅度相对较小;多波段的延迟分析显示0235+164在相邻两波段之间都显示高频波段要超前于低频波段的变化趋势,3C 345整体呈现出高频波段滞后于低频波段的变化趋势.其余blazars分析结果显示在部分射电波段之间呈现出高频波段要超前于低频波段的变化趋势,而在其余射电波段之间却呈现出高频波段滞后于低频波段的变化趋势;结构函数法的分析结果显示3C 345的光变时标、拟合斜率及光变周期与其它5个低峰频blazars相比都偏大,这表明3C 345的活动性与其它5个源相比较弱,这表明在3C 345内部可能存在与其它5个低峰频blazars不同的物理过程.     

用小波分析方法计算BL Lac天体S50716＋714的光变周期

介绍了一种用小波分析寻找BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光变周期的方法.收集了BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光学B、V、R,I四个波段较完备的观测数据,获得了10天平均的长期光变曲线.使用此光变曲线数据进行小波分析计算,结果表明小波分析方法能较好地分析和认证BL Lac天体的光变周期值.从小波变换系数实部的等值线图,可以准确证认BL Lac天体S5 0716+714有光变周期波动变化.由B,V,R,I四个波段的小波方差曲线分析发现BL Lac天体S5 0176+714有一个1160天的稳定周期,这个结果与Raiteri等人发现的3.3年周期是一致的.预测在2011年8月将有一次大的爆发.     

利用MUSIC算法分析BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光变周期

将基于多重信号分类的MUSIC谱估计算法引入BL Lac天体光变周期分析中.给出了MUSIC算法的基本原理,利用模拟信号检测了算法的频谱分辨率.从大量文献中收集了BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光学V、R、I 3个波段从1994年到2008年的有效观测数据,用MUSIC算法和平均周期图算法分别计算了它们的光变周期,发现存在两个主要光变周期:一个是(3.33±0.08)yr的周期,另一个是(1.24±0.01)yr的周期.对这两种算法的周期估计性能进行了比较,结果表明,MUSIC谱估计算法对样本长度要求较低,具有良好的分辨特性和抗噪声能力,能提高在样本长度较短情况下光变周期分析的准确性.     

AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数周期性变化的研究

收集了AO0235＋164天体射电4．8GHz和14．5GHz波段的光变测量数据,并获得了长期的光变曲线,从光变曲线可以看出其活动是非常剧烈的。利用Jurkevieh方法和自相关函数方法分别对AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数进行周期性分析,并对流量和谱指数进行相关性分析,研究结果表明：（1）AO0235＋164天体射电波段4．8GHz-14．5GHz对应的宽带谱指数,可能存在5．30年的光变周期,与Liu等人用功率谱法在射电波段发现其流量密度可能存在5．59±0．47年的光变周期基本吻合;（2）宽带谱指数与流量密度之间存在相关性。     

类星体3C 273光学波段的周期分析

搜集了类星体3C 273在光学B波段近100 yr的数据,得出光变曲线,并在此基础上应用Period04软件对它的光变周期进行了分析.发现光变曲线中存在周期为T1=2.06 yr、T2=13.03 yr及T3=21.15 yr的3个光变周期,这与Fan等人的结论(3C 273的光学B波段存在2.0 yr、(13.65±0.20)yr及(22.5±2.0)yr的周期)基本上是一致的.然后用这3个周期再次拟合观测数据做一个周期反演,周期拟合曲线与观测数据的爆发周期规律基本一致,说明这3个周期是比较可靠的.并通过其长周期可以得出其中心黑洞质量为M=1.87×106M⊙,最后讨论了其中心黑洞质量以及3C 273产生这种周期的可能机制.     

用WWZ变换分析类星体3C 345的光变周期

介绍了一种全新的基于小波分析原理的处理非等间隔数据的方法:加权小波Z变换(Weighted Wavelet Z-transform,WWZ).收集了类星体3C 345光学B波段100多年来较为完整的观测数据,获得了其长期光变曲线.利用WWZ变换对3C 345 B波段28 yr的光变数据进行分析,通过研究发现3C 345的光变曲线中包含有624～941 d、4.54～5.23 yr和9.59～11.51 yr的周期成分,并分析了它们随时间演化的情况.其中后两个周期成分属于稳定周期,而前一个周期成分波动比较大,可以推测它并不是一个稳定周期.     

Spectrophotometric Study of Galaxies with UV Excess

Results from a spectrophotometric study of 21 galaxies with UV excess are presented. The half widths (FWHM) and equivalent widths of observed spectrum lines of these galaxies, as well as the relative intensities of the emission lines observed in the spectrum of the galaxy Kaz243, are determined. It is conjectured that the latter galaxy has the properties of an Sy2 type galaxy. The electron densities and masses of the gaseous components are found for 15 galaxies, along with the masses of 8 galaxies for which the ratio M/L has been calculated. It is shown that the spectral structures of these galaxies do not depend on whether they are members of physical systems or are isolated.     

Optical and NIR investigation of a sample of tidal dwarf candidates

We analyzed a sample of 44 candidates for Tidal Dwarf Galaxies(TDGs) previously selected on optical imaging with low resolution spectroscopy. Most of the TDG candidates have the same redshift as the interacting system, 3 of them very likely are low metallicity dwarf galaxies in projection, and 13 show signs of kinematics decoupled from their hosting tidal tail. Subsequent NIR photometry in combination with evolutionary synthesis modeling allows us to derive stellar masses, star formation rates, and the ratio of old to young stars within each TDG candidate. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Environmental effects on galaxy properties

This is a study concerning the investigation of galaxy formation and evolution in small-scale structures and the influence of the environment on the properties of galaxies. The environment plays a key role in the evolution of galaxies since it governs the type of encounters. We present results from low-resolution spectroscopy and R-band surface photometry of multiplets of galaxies found in low-density environments and compare them to cluster environments. Properties such as induced galaxy activity, star formation enhancements, AGN activity and the connection between merging and galaxy morphology are investigated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Radio and X-ray study of Cygnus A

We present a comparative analysis of 5 GHz VLA and 200 ks Chandra ACIS-I image. In the 5 GHz image the familiar jet and much weaker counterjet are seen, which bend as the jet propagates towards the hotspots. Furthermore, where the lobe detected in 5 GHz emission starts to interact with the jet, we see that the jet “threads”. In the 0.2–10 keV X-ray image we do not detect the jet, but do detect a relic of the counterjet.     

New insights into the photometric structure of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies from a deep Near-Infrared study

We present deep Near-Infrared (NIR) imaging of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies (BCDs), allowing for the first time to derive and systematize the NIR structural properties of their stellar low-surface brightness (LSB) host galaxies. Compared to optical data, NIR images, being less contamined by the extended stellar and ionized gas emission from the starburst, permit to study the LSB host galaxy closer to its center. We find that radial surface brightness profiles (SBPs) of the LSB hosts show at large radii a mostly exponential intensity distribution, in agreement with previous optical studies. At small to intermediate radii, however, the NIR data reveal an inwards flattening with respect to the outer exponential slope (`type V SBPs', Binggeli and Cameron, 1991) in the LSB component of more than one half of the sample BCDs. This result may constitute an important observational constraint to the dynamics and evolution of BCDs. We apply a modified exponential fitting function (Papaderos et al., 1996a) to parametrize and systematically study type V profiles in BCDs. A Sérsic law is found to be less suitable for studying the LSB component of BCDs, since it yields very uncertain solutions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The extended structure of the Phoenix dwarf galaxy

The surface brightness profile in the V band of the Phoenix dwarf galaxy shows two stellar components: an inner one, which contains all the young stars of the galaxy, and an outer one predominantly populated by red stars. Deep color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations and reaching the oldest turn-offs, are used to analyze the inner and outer stellar components. Results show that, together with an old stellar population, the outer field contains also an intermediate-age population. These results are compatible with a scenario in which star forming regions are shrinking with time (the shrinking scenario). It seems more difficult to support a halo-disk scenario, which would require extended structures populated only by really old stars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The gaseous Halo of the Virgo Cluster Galaxy 45

Observations of the Virgo Cluster galaxy NGC 4569 in soft X-rays and in Hα reveal both an asymmetrically distributed hot gaseous halo and a giant filament of diffuse emission, respectively, extending from the same side of the disk, the latter one to at least 8.8 kpc. A deep longslit spectrum along the filament shows velocities systematically different from the systemic velocity of NGC 4569. With the inclination of the disk one can determine the Hα spur as a giant outflow in NGC 4569. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compact jets as probes for sub-parsec scale regions in AGN

Compact relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei offer an effective tool for investigating the physics of nuclear regions in galaxies. The emission properties, dynamics, and evolution of jets in AGN are closely connected to the characteristics of the central supermassive black hole, accretion disk and broad-line region in active galaxies. Recent results from studies of the nuclear regions in several active galaxies with prominent outflows are reviewed in this contribution.