LAMOST反射施密特改正镜新型镜罩设计

针对LAMOST反射施密特改正镜的特殊防护及功能要求,经多种方案设计和实验,最终设计和制造了一套新型轻质帘式镜罩系统,并得到了成功应用。首先回顾LAMOST反射施密特改正镜镜罩的功能要求,以及镜罩的样机实验和方案遴选;详细介绍最终选定的新型轻质帘式镜罩系统的具体机械结构、电气控制方法以及现场安装调试等研究设计工作。该新型镜罩主体功能件为轻型布帘罩体,两侧各通过一组滑块联接于两根平行的弯曲C形轨道,并由2组4只电机通过拉线的方式实现电动开闭;为允许反射施密特改正镜可转至竖直位置,轨道的末端采用电动推拉实现弯折,以避免结构干涉。该镜罩已在LAMOST望远镜上投入正常运行,安全性得到了考验和确认。     

高次非球面板补偿检验方法的研究

本文提出了检验高次非球面板的基本系统,并把五级球差应用于求补偿器的初始解,用网格法得到的初始解与优化结果符合．文章以口径为１５ｍ,视场为６°的施密特望远镜的消色差改正板为例,设计了两个补偿检验系统．被检面的面形残差均小于λ／１００．还以消色差施密特改正板一为例,对补偿系统在失调状态下的误差作了详细分析,同时结合实际加工情况,得出了较为宽松的公差要求．     

由两块拼接反射镜组成的光学系统的衍射能量分布

LAMOST的光学系统由反射施密特改正板MA 和球面主镜MB 组成 ,MA 和MB 均为对角径 1 .1m的六角形子镜的拼镜面 .本文计算了星在子午圈上时望远镜观测不同的天区零视场和有视场时的光学系统衍射能量分布 ,还计算了MA 不变MB 改为整块的 6m镜以及MA 和MB 均为对角径 1 .5m的六角形子镜的拼镜面的衍射能量分布 .对这些计算结果进行分析 ,论证了六角形子镜尺寸选择的合理性     

"水平式"施密特(Schmidt)望远镜光学系统的调整方法与步骤

近年来我们为青海德令哈观测站安装了一台施密特(Schmidt)望远镜,还把云南天文台原德制施密特望远镜机架进行了设计、改装成"水平装置".它们的改正镜口径约为Φ400mm,焦距约为800mm,用于观测人造卫星及空间碎片,用CCD作为接收器,提高了工作效率,为神州发射提供了资料.本文所述的是对这两台施密特望远镜光学系统的调整方法与步骤.     

电磁波折射延迟的弯曲改正

针对中性大气折射延迟改正中压缩截止高度角和提高改正精度的要求,推导了电磁波折射延迟中由天文大气折射引起的路径弯曲改正的计算公式,这是在许多理论模型中给出中性大气折射延迟改正的公式时,都会在主项后边给出的,却又因为它是小量而常被忽略的一项改正.实际上,在不太低的高度角,例如15°,这一项就达到1 cm量级,是不能忽略的.李延兴等人专门对这一改正作了推导,给出了逐步逼近的计算方法和计算值;严毫健也曾给出了直接计算的公式,计算结果却比李延兴等人的小3倍多,这说明对该项改正有必要作进一步的研究,拿出简便可靠的计算公式.     

GPS定位与定时中电离层折射误差高阶项的改正方法

目前ＧＰＳ系统中对电离层折射误差的改正主要来用双频技术，双频技术只改正了电离层折射误差的一阶项，可使定位精度达到米级．但对于要求厘米级定位精度的用户来讲，还必须改正电离层折射误差的二阶项；对于要求毫米级定位精度的用户，还应考虑三阶项的改正．笔者提出一个能改正电离层折射误差一阶项、二阶项和三阶项的方法，它是把现有的双频技术与参考文献［１］中提出的双极化技术结合进行的．     

基于伪距测量的钟差计算模型

基于伪距和钟差定义,讨论了无线电时间比对的基本原理。在此基础上,详细推导了地心非旋转坐标系中一般意义下基于伪码测距模式的钟差计算模型,并通过坐标变换,给出了地固系中的实用计算模型。对地回系计算模型的进一步分析表明：卫星在地固系运动速度引起的改正项与sagnac效应项是完全不同的两项改正;对于GEO卫星,sagnac效应项最大约为200ns,其地固系运动速度引起的改正约为1ns;而对于MEO卫星,sagnac效应项最大为120ns,其地固系运动速度引起的改正约为1200ns。     

卯酉圈观测测定子午环的绝对参数(Ⅵ) 卯酉方向记录时刻的星径曲率改正

本文利用解球面三角形和视场平面投影相结合的方法,推导出了卯酉方向记录时刻中星径曲率改正的表达式。并以给定的纬度和单边准直差为例,计算了改正值。对于转轴观测,在天顶距较小的情况下,这种改正值比丹容等高仪的星径曲率改正大几百倍。由于这种方法能根据需要导出高次项改正的表达式,作为一种推导的途径,可以满足不同数量改正值推导的要求。文中还给出了验算公式。     

施米特望远镜的作用

施米特望远镜是折反射望远镜的一种,即由透射改正镜和反射主镜组成。1930年,德国的施米特首先发明了这种望远镜,故叫做施米特望远镜。它的主要优点是相对口径     

人造卫星观测的周日光行差的改正

本文讨论了人造卫星观测中卫星位置与测站位置所对应的时间不一致问题,证明了,对于方向观测,这种改正等价于卫星视位置到真位置的周日光行差的改正,并给出了其它观测的改正公式。经过这些改正后,在轨道改进时,星历表计算就可用最简单的时间对应的公式计算,不必进行迭代,也无需加任何附加项。     

Mass-transfer effects on the flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with variable temperature or constant heat flux

An exact solution of the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate in the presence of foreign mass is presented under the condition of (i) variable plate temperature, (ii) constant heat flux. It is observed that an increase in the Schmidt number leads to an increase in the skin-friction.     

A list of ultraviolet excess galaxies

We present a list of 412 faint galaxies selected for their apparent ultraviolet excess (UVX) from an area of 30 square degrees centered on Kapteyn Selected Area 28. The objects have been selected from a three-colour (U, B, V) plate taken with the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt telescope. The same plate was used to select a companion list of predominantly starlike UVX objects (Usher and Mitchell, 1982).Operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.     

A new large supernova remnant in the southern sky?

A faint filamentary structure on a Southern Schmidt plate is thought to be a supernova remnant.     

The development of the Schmidt telescope

Bernhard Schmidt (1879–1935) was born in Estonia. After a few years of studying engineering he ran an optical workshop in Mittweida, Saxonia, between 1901 and 1927. Astronomers appreciated the quality of his telescopes. Starting in 1925, on behalf of the Hamburg Observatory, he developed a short focal length optical system with a large field of view. For this purpose, Schmidt moved his workshop to the observatory. He succeeded in inventing the “Schmidt telescope” which allows the imaging of a large field of the sky without any distortions. Schmidt's first telescope (spherical mirror diameter 0.44 m, correction plate 0.36 m diameter, aperture ratio 1:1.75, and focal length 0.625 m) has been used since 1962 at the Boyden Observatory in Bloemfontein/South Africa. Apart from his 0.36m telescope, Schmidt produced a second larger one of 0.60m aperture. Shortly after Schmidt's death, the director of the observatory published details on the invention and production of the Schmidt telescope. After World War II, Schmidt telescopes have been widely used. The first large Schmidt telescope, the “Big Schmidt” (1.26 m), Mount Palomar, USA, was completed in 1948. The 0.80 m Schmidt telescope of Hamburg Observatory, planned since 1936, finished in 1954, is now on Calar Alto/Spain (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Wide‐Field Plate Archive of the University Observatory Jena

We present the archive of the wide‐field plate observations obtained at the University Observatory Jena, which is stored at the Astrophysical Institute of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The archive contains plates taken in the period February 1963 to December 1982 with the 60/90/180‐cm Schmidt telescope of the university observatory. A computer‐readable version of the plate metadata catalogue (for 1257 plates), the logbooks, as well as the digitized Schmidt plates in low and high resolution are now accessible to the astronomical community.This paper describes the properties of the archive, as well as the processing procedure of all plates in detail. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optically selected QSO candidates in the field centered on selected area 94

A UK Schmidt prism plate centered on SA94 has been used to search for an emission line and ultraviolet excess objects and to inspect all the colour class 1 and 2 blue objects and the possible variables selected previously. 322 QSO candidates have been found.     

膜圆顶及塔架对南极望远镜风载影响的仿真分析

为了充分利用Dome A地区绝佳的视宁度条件, 计划将南极望远镜安装在15m高的塔架上并使用轻质膜圆顶. 研究了在塔架和膜圆顶作用下风载对望远镜观测环境的影 响, 利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)分析了在10m·s^-1稳态风作用下,不同风向角、方位轴转动角以及镜筒转动角时,望远镜周围风速、湍动能的分布情况以及光程差的变化,同时研究了风屏对风速、湍动能的改善作用和带来的温升.结果表明,塔架和圆顶周围的风速与湍动能分布对风向的改变不敏感;迎风状态时望远镜附近的湍流分布与风速分布情况整体优于背风状态;当风速为10m·s^-1时,在距离风屏1m远、3m高的位置处风速降为来流风速的1/3至1/4,望远镜附近的平均温升值为0.044 K.     

Astronomical and non-astronomical uses of the COSMOS machine

Each sky-limited photographic plate taken with the U.K. 1.2 metre Schmidt telescope records about a million star and galaxy images. It is not feasible to measure these plates using manual machines, and this led to the development of COSMOS — an automatic machine capable of finding and measuring the Co-Ordinates, Sizes, Magnitudes, Orientations and Shapes of all the images on a single plate in less than a day. Information obtained from these measurements enables computer discrimination between star and galaxy images and hence quantitative studies of the properties and distributions of the two kinds of objects to be carried out. However, COSMOS is not restricted solely to astronomical problems and it has been used in the fields of topography and image restoration and enhancement.Paper presented at the PRIMARS I Conference, held at the University of Manchester between 26 and 30 June, 1979, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Office of Naval Research.     

Ekman层风速随高度分布方程的数值解试验

根据大气水平运动方程推导出Ekman层风速随高度分布方程,该分布可用二阶线性微分方程表示,用有限差分法求解该二阶线性微分方程的边值问题的数值解,并给出计算程序,输出结果。将结果与经典解析解比较,讨论了经典解的正确性和适用范围。     

地球大气边界层结构和天文视宁度

依据声雷达资料和其他边界层资料讨论了大气边界层结构、地形等对视宁度的影响和有关选址问题．