膜圆顶及塔架对南极望远镜风载影响的仿真分析

为了充分利用Dome A地区绝佳的视宁度条件, 计划将南极望远镜安装在15m高的塔架上并使用轻质膜圆顶. 研究了在塔架和膜圆顶作用下风载对望远镜观测环境的影 响, 利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)分析了在10m·s^-1稳态风作用下，不同风向角、方位轴转动角以及镜筒转动角时，望远镜周围风速、湍动能的分布情况以及光程差的变化，同时研究了风屏对风速、湍动能的改善作用和带来的温升.结果表明，塔架和圆顶周围的风速与湍动能分布对风向的改变不敏感;迎风状态时望远镜附近的湍流分布与风速分布情况整体优于背风状态;当风速为10m·s^-1时，在距离风屏1m远、3m高的位置处风速降为来流风速的1/3至1/4,望远镜附近的平均温升值为0.044 K.

Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Membrane Dome and Tower on Wind Load of Antarctic Telescope

In order to take full advantage of the excellent seeing conditions in the Dome A area, it is planned to mount the Antarctic telescope on a 15m high tower and use a lightweight membrane dome. In this paper, we study the effects of wind loads on the telescope''s observing environment under the action of the tower and the membrane dome, and analyze the changes of wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy distribution and optical path difference around the telescope under the action of the steady state wind of 10 m·s^-1 at different wind angles, azimuthal rotations, and lens tube rotations by means of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of the wind screen on the modification of wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy and the temperature rise are also investigated. The results show that the wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy distribution around the tower and the dome are not sensitive to the change of wind direction. The turbulence and wind speed distributions near the telescope in the windward direction are better than those in the leeward direction. When the wind speed is 10 m·s^-1, the wind speed decreases to 1/3 to 1/4 of the incoming wind speed at the height of 3 m from the wind screen,and the average temperature rise near the telescope is 0.044 K.