光干涉与综合孔径技术发展

回顾了光干涉与综合孔径技术发展的历史和现状，分析了国际上用于天文观测的一些著名地基和空基光干涉仪的技术特点，介绍了光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展，以及在光学综合孔径技术领域所发展的光纤与集成光学等新技术，简要介绍了近年来我国开展光干涉与综合孔径技术的进展情况。针对光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展前景和国内外技术发展趋势，发出了加快发展我国光干涉与综合孔径技术的呼吁。     

光学综合孔径干涉成像的关键技术及多光束干涉仿真

闭合相位技术、U -V覆盖技术和像重构技术是光学综合孔径干涉成像的三个关键技术。文中简要介绍了光学综合孔径技术的发展历史、这三种关键技术和光学综合孔径望远镜阵的构成 ,对之进行了多光束干涉的计算机仿真和实验仿真 ,两者结果一致说明了光学综合孔径干涉成像技术中有关干涉的理论的正确性 ,指出了下一步的研究方向。     

恒星光学干涉测量

本文根据国际上恒星光学干涉测量的发展情况,简述了这种技术的发展历史和简单原理,对不同类型的光干涉测量技术作了评论。并介绍了国际上这方面进展的最新成就。最后简要讨论了在我国发展这项技术的必要性和可靠性。     

Golay3型光学稀疏孔径系统退化图像的频率信息提取及合成研究

利用组成星座的小卫星,分别携带分离的子望远镜和合光成像望远镜,构成Fizeau型光学综合孔径干涉系统,实现高分辨率的面源目标成像是当前的研究热点之一。这种光干涉成像系统,由于稀疏度较大,UV覆盖不全,即空间频率采样不连续,表现为系统光学传递函数有零值存在。要克服UV覆盖不全的影响,获得等效的大孔径望远镜成像效果,需要改变子孔径的空间排布,获得不同基线条件下的图像,进行空间频率信息的提取和合成,最后采用逆滤波的方法达到提高图像质量的目的。在分析单子孔径传递函数与系统传递函数关系的基础上,优化子孔径的排布方式,采用不同的频域滤波器将不同基线获得的图像中信噪比高的频率区域提取出来进行合成,再变换到空域并进行逆滤波处理,得到改善的合成图像。仿真结果显示,当得到的干涉图信噪比较低时,该方法可以有效地提高合成图像的质量。     

天文学进展第21卷2003年总目录

天文学、天文学史中国早期日食记录研究进展..................................................……刘次玩(1,l)仪器与技术VLBI技术新进展..................................................……项英当代光学天文望远镜控制系统新技术近代天文圆顶发展概况.....……徐欣析徐灵哲姚正秋光干涉与综合孔径技术发展LAMOST控制系统实时分布式数据库徐灵哲张秀忠(3,185)罗秋凤(3,195)周放(3,206)郭红锋(3,219)徐欣折(3,275)方位天文、天体力学InSAR技术现状与应用............................……乔书波李金岭孙付平边少锋(1,11)国际地…     

综合孔径干涉望远镜的高分辨率图像重建

利用干涉望远镜成像,可以获取最长基线对应的高频率信息,但往往只能获得部分频域覆盖.为了获得尽可能多的频率信息,可以先通过孔径排布变换,进行更充分的频率采样,再经过干涉图像合成,得到含有完备频率信息的目标高分辨率重建像.介绍了综合孔径干涉望远镜的高分辨率图像重建工作,重点讨论了孔径旋转条件下的干涉图像对齐和合成问题,并成功实施了天文目标的干涉成像观测实验,获得了有完备频率信息的目标高分辨率重建像.     

基于四棱锥传感器的波前检测仿真设计

波前检测是天文望远镜自适应光学中的重要环节。四棱锥作为一种新型的波前检测元件,与其他传统的波前传感器相比,具有较高的灵敏度。特别是对于光干涉或拼接镜面望远镜而言,四棱锥波前传感器能够被用来检测子望远镜或子镜面之间的相对光程差,从而为干涉(或共相)的实现提供有效的检测信号。在分析四棱锥波前检测原理的基础上,阐述了单孔径条件下波前倾斜检测及双孔径干涉条件下相对光程差检测的软件仿真设计和阶段性成果,并简述了下一阶段的研究计划。     

应用于自适应系统的1.2m望远镜面形误差精细检测

为检测云南天文台１．２ｍ望远镜光学成像质量,在多种光学检测方法中,我们结合实际情况,详细地讨论了两种方案的可能性。并用美国ＺＥＭＡＸ光学设计软件设计了所需的光学辅助元件。第一种方案,将全口径分割成直径为３００ｍｍ的子孔径后,利用哈特曼传感器对每个子孔径的最后成像波面进行探测,得到波前畸变量。最后将所得到的子孔径波面合成得到全口径波面,进而分析系统成像质量。第二种方案采用补偿干涉法,利用设计的补偿器补偿主镜的法线象差,得到干涉条纹,再由干涉条纹分析得到主镜面形差。这两种方法都实现微机实时采样与处理,能以较快速度计算出最后结果。最后,我们讨论了检测过程中误差来源及精度分析。在实验条件满足的情况下,整个系统的测试精度优于λ／１０。     

国家“九五”重大科学工程LAMOST简介

我国天文界经过多年的努力建设了以2.16米和1.56米光学望远镜、1.26米红外望远镜、太阳磁场和多通道望远镜、13.7米毫米波和米波综合孔径以及甚长基线干涉射电望远镜为代表的天文学实测基础,有力地促进了我国天文研究的开展,提高了我国天文学在国际上的地位。     

依巴谷后的天体测量卫星项目——空间光干涉卫星

简述了依巴谷后提出的天体测量卫星项目,如FAME、DIVA、JASMINE、SIM Lite、Gaia、OBSS、JMAPS等。描述了空间光干涉从1980年至今的发展过程,特别给出了用天体测量方法研究天体物理课题之SIM Lite工程的近况:科学目标、仪器的结构、技术上的重大突破点和观测方式等。重点介绍了SIM Lite参考架的构建,包括栅格星和类星体的选择,以及SIM Lite光学参考架与射电参考架ICRF-2之间的联系和联系的精度。比较了SIM与Gaia观测方式的不同点,以及它们在天体物理研究和参考架的建立上互补之处。最后,回顾了中国科学院"八五"重点项目"光学天文中高空间分辨率应用和技术研究"和当前开展有关光干涉工作的一些情况,以及今后开展此课题的若干建议。     

Maximum Entropy imaging of comptel data

The Maximum Entropy method is a practical technique for generating intensity skymaps from Compton-telescope data. The application of the method to COMPTEL data for point sources and large-scale emission is described. New developments in the method are illustrated.     

OSCILLATIONS IN QUIESCENT SOLAR PROMINENCES OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY – (Invited Review)

An extensive observational background about the existence of oscillations in quiescent solar prominences has been gathered during the last twenty years. From these observations, information about different oscillatory parameters such as period, wavelength, phase speed, damping time, etc., has been obtained. This observational background, combined with a growing number of theoretical studies about magneto-hydrodynamic waves in prominences, should allow the development of prominence seismology which, following helioseismology's approach, seeks to infer the internal structure and properties of solar prominences. The most recent observational and theoretical developments on prominence oscillations are reviewed here, with an emphasis on the aspects suitable to develop an observation versus theory feedback, but also pointing out key topics which should be the subject of future research for a further advancement of this field.     

Observations of circumstellar disks with infrared interferometry

The study of circumstellar disks around young stellar objects is arguably the area of astrophysics on which the technique of infrared interferometry has had the biggest impact. Here I will review the existing set of observations in this field, concentrating on disks but also including jets/winds and stellar properties. At the end, there is a brief discussion of how ongoing technical developments and observational improvements will expand the impact of infrared interferometry on the study of star formation.     

A recent history of science cases for optical interferometry

Optical long-baseline interferometry is a unique and powerful technique for astronomical research. Since the 1980’s (with I2T, GI2T, Mark I to III, SUSI, ...), optical interferometers have produced an increasing number of scientific papers covering various fields of astrophysics. As current interferometric facilities are reaching their maturity, we take the opportunity in this paper to summarize the conclusions of a few key meetings, workshops, and conferences dedicated to interferometry. We present the most persistent recommendations related to science cases and discuss some key technological developments required to address them. In the era of extremely large telescopes, optical long-baseline interferometers will remain crucial to probe the smallest spatial scales and make breakthrough discoveries.     

我国地基雷达观测月球的现状和研究进展

地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特高频段(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)和X频段的地基雷达观测月球试验。通过月球反射回波的信号处理,获得了延迟、多普勒频移等参数,得到了一致的与近表层物质密度相关的月面雷达反射率,并得到了月球的左右旋圆极化率,反映了与波长同尺度的月球近表层结构。文章积累的数据处理经验将为我国的小行星预警、行星历表等地基雷达观测研究提供技术基础。     

Imaging very high energy gamma-ray telescopes

The technique of γ-ray astronomy at very high energies (VHE:>?100 GeV) with ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes is described, the H.E.S.S. array in Namibia serving as example. Mainly a discussion of the physical principles of the atmospheric Cherenkov technique is given, emphasizing its rapid development during the last decade. The present status is illustrated by two examples: the spectral and morphological characterization in VHE γ-rays of a shell-type supernova remnant together with its theoretical interpretation, and the results of a survey of the Galactic Plane that shows a large variety of non-thermal sources. The final part is devoted to an overview of the ongoing and future instrumental developments.     

Observations of beam propagation

We discuss the observational evidence for propagating electron distributions in the solar corona as obtained from type III observations. The location of the beam acceleration region together with the effects of the ambient medium on beam propagation are discussed in the framework of recent observational and theoretical developments. The results of combined X-ray and radio observations obtained during and after the Solar Maximum Year are summarized. Special attention is paid to the effect of the small-scale structure of the corona on the observed radio emission. We outline various desirable developments which are necessary to improve the understanding of the behaviour of charged particle beams in magnetized plasmas.     

Derivation of density and temperature from the Cassini–Huygens CAPS electron spectrometer

In this paper we present two methods to derive electron fluid parameters from the CAPS–ELS spectrometer on board the Cassini spacecraft currently in orbit around Saturn. In the first part of the paper we give a basic overview of the instrument and describe the challenges inherent in the derivation of density and temperature values using these techniques. We then describe a method to calculate electron moments by integrating the particle distribution function. We also describe a second technique in which we fit the electron energy spectrum with a Gaussian curve and use the peak energy of this curve to derive density and temperature values. We then compare the two methods with particular emphasis on their application to Cassini SOI observations in the saturnian environment and point out the limitations of the two techniques. We will show that results from the two very different methods are in agreement when the physical properties of the environment and of the observed electron populations have been inferred from inspection of the raw data. Finally we will suggest future developments that will remove these limitations.     

23周太阳活动的现状和展望

本文给出了太阳２３ 周开始时间的确定、从开始到现在近两年间太阳活动的状况以及２３周上升期间的一些特点。分析表明,１９９６ 年１０ 月是２３ 周的第一个月,它的月平滑值是８ ．８ ;２３ 周的太阳活动虽然可能是高活动周,例如,国际推荐值为２０００ 年３ 月的１６０ ,但它可能不会超过前两周。根据上升期太阳活动的一些特征,还给出了在２３ 周峰年联测和空间灾害性扰动事件预报和预报方法研究中应注意的几个问题