吸积盘和冕的研究与应用

本文主要研究有热冕存在的吸积盘的特征。首先，我们采用最新的不透明度表和态方程表对经典薄盘的结构进行了探讨。然后考虑吸积盘上下方存在的热冕，分析了冕中的物理过程并研究了冕的结构。在此基础上，我们计算了有冕盘的结构并与无冕盘比较，讨论了盘冕共存系统中物质的蒸发。采用内区径流（亦译为平流）ADAF主导吸积与外区有冕盘吸积方案，研究了黑洞双星系统中光谱态之间转换的作用，提出了黑洞双星系统中光谱态转换的新机制，主要研究成果如下：1、不透明度是吸积盘不稳定性的重要因素。不透明度表和相应的态方程表的改进对吸积盘结构的影响不大，相对于粘滞系数和混合程的不确定性而言是可以忽略的。2、系统的冕结构研究表明，冕的存在对盘的结构有重要影响。吸积物质从冷盘蒸发到热冕中会使内盘物质耗空，在内区只有冕存在。这样的结构将对吸积盘的辐射产生重要作用。3、数值计算了冕的演化，发现物质蒸发使吸积盘理论能自然地诠释如下观测特征：矮新星爆发中出现的紫外边延滞、X－射线后爆发，以及爆发温度。然后，我们提出了新的关于WZ Sge型矮新星和X－射线新星在沉寂阶段的演化模型。在此基础上，我们数值模拟了WZ Sge的长周期演化。4、提出了冕盘的蒸发是吸积从外区薄盘向内区ADAF转化的原因。利用蒸发模型计算了X－射线瞬变源的转换半径，发现理论值与观测值基本一致。5、用有冕盘蒸发模型探讨了X－射线双星中（如Cyg X-1,LMC X-1,LMC X-3)光谱态、从硬到软的变化，发现吸积率的变化导致了ADAF和薄盘之间转换半径的变化，从而使光谱态发生了变化。     

黑洞吸积理论及其天体物理学应用的近期发展(Ⅱ)

黑洞吸积理论是天体物理学的一个基础理论,是认识许多高能天体系统如活动星系核、黑洞X射线双星,以及伽马暴等的重要物理基础.该文评述近年来黑洞吸积理论尤其是径移主导吸积流模型(advection-dominated accretion flow)及其变种的主要发展,并介绍该理论在银河系中心、低光度活动星系核、黑洞X射线双星等方面的应用.共分为两篇,该文是第2篇,内容是关于黑洞热吸积流理论在低光度活动星系核以及黑洞X射线双星方面的应用.     

黑洞吸积理论及其天体物理学应用的近期发展(Ⅰ)

黑洞吸积理论是天体物理学的一个基础理论,是认识许多高能天体系统,如活动星系核、黑洞X射线双星、伽马射线暴等的重要物理基础。该文评述了近年来黑洞吸积理论,尤其是径移主导吸积流(advection-dominated accretion flow,ADAF)模型及其变种的主要发展,并介绍该理论在银河系中心、低光度活动星系核、黑洞X射线双星等方面的应用。全文分为两篇,该文是第一篇,内容是关于黑洞的热吸积流理论及其在银河系中心的应用。     

吸积盘物理:稳定性和振动

研究了环绕致密天体的吸积盘的稳定性质和振动模式。特别关注了在热致和粘滞扰动作用下稳定的对流起支配作用的盘外流。还研究了相对论性吸积盘的振动模式。一些在盘内的捕获的 ,非衰减的模式也许可以用来解释X射线双星和活动星系核中所观测到的准周期振动。     

径移主导吸积盘的含时数值模拟

黑洞吸积被认为是活动星系核的能量来源,而研究黑洞吸积最主要的难题是要解释吸积气体的角动量是如何转移出去的.黑洞吸积盘理论提出通过粘滞力矩转移角动量.径移主导吸积盘模型(advection-dominated accretion flow,简称ADAF)是几何厚、光学薄的低吸积率吸积盘模型,它在解释低光度活动星系核的一些观测现象时获得了很大的成功.近年来,随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,数值模拟在天体物理研究中获得了广泛的应用,也取得了突破性的进展.主要工作是用数值模拟方法研究ADAF整体解作为初始条件模拟黑洞的吸积过程.     

黑洞吸积盘的演化与黑洞自转：Ⅰ.薄盘的演化

在同时考虑薄盘吸积与ＢｌａｎｄｆｏｒｄＺｎａｊｅｋ过程的条件下讨论了黑洞吸积盘的的演化,并指出黑洞的无量纲角动量ａ是标志黑洞吸积盘演化特征的重要参量．得到描述黑洞自转的３个特征值：（１）ａＩ≈０．９８３标志在薄盘吸积与ＢｌａｎｄｆｏｒｄＺｎａｊｅｋ能量提取机制的作用下,中心黑洞的无量纲角动量ａ演化的上限;（２）ａＩＩ≈０．９４０对应于黑洞薄盘内边缘半径ｒｍｓ演化的极小值;（３）ａＩＩＩ≈０．８２４对应于活动星系核射电噪度（ｒａｄｉｏｌｏｕｄｎｅｓ）的极大值     

吸积盘物理：稳定性和振动

研究了环绕致密天体的吸积盘的稳定性质和振动模式。特别关注了在热致和粘滞扰动作用下稳定的对流起支配作用的盘外流。还研究了相对论性吸积盘的振动模式。一些在盘内的捕获的，非衰减的模式也许可以用来解释X射线双星和活动星系核中所观测到的准周期振动。     

窄线赛弗特Ⅰ型星系中可能具有吸积盘热辐射起源的软X射线超

理论上,低质量高吸积率活动星系核的标准吸积盘黑体热辐射有可能形成软X射线波段的超出。然而,活动星系核的软X射线超温度为0.1 keV左右,显著高于标准吸积盘理论预言的最高有效温度。只有Yuan等人在2010年报道的RX J1633+4718是一个例外,其软超温度为32.5_-6.0^+8.0 eV,显著小于0.1 keV,并与吸积盘理论预言的温度相符;此外,其光度也符合吸积盘的理论预期。因此该软X射线超很可能起源于吸积盘的热辐射。这一类源对于吸积盘理论和软X射线超的研究都有重要意义。文中使用ROSATPSPC数据,在所有已知的窄线赛弗特Ⅰ型星系（Narrow Line SeyfertⅠgalaxies,NLSIs）中寻找类似于RX J1633+4718的源,即软X射线超可能起源于吸积盘热辐射的源。分析了150个源的245条光谱,其中58个源的90条光谱具有显著的软X射线超。样本中软X射线超温度分布的平均值T_soft为0.10keV,标准偏差为0.03 keV。除了RX J1633+4718外,只有3个源的软X射线超温度小于60 eV,而且温度接近吸积盘最高温度。这个结果表明,类似于RX J1633+4718的具有低温软X射线超的源很稀少。最后,在具有黑洞质量估计的26个源中,软超温度与黑洞质量M_BH、爱丁顿比L/LEdd及预期吸积盘最高温度T_max都没有明显的关联性,与前人的结果一致。     

黑洞热吸积流的理论研究

<正>活动星系核(AGN)、低光度活动星系核(LLAGN)以及X射线双星(XRB)系统中都存在黑洞吸积过程.黑洞吸积是人们理解相关天体的辐射、光变等现象的关键.本学位论文主要侧重于对目前非常流行的热吸积流(径移主导吸积流ADAF以及明亮热吸积流LHAF)的研究.该类吸积流是理解LLAGN以及处于硬态的XRB的基本理论模型.论文第1章详细介绍了相关的背景.首先讨论了天体环境中的黑洞及其所处的系统—AGN、     

黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比周期特性研究

利用离散傅里叶分析法,基于RXTE (Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer)/ASM(All-Sky Monitor,1.5～12 keV)观测数据,对黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比HR(5～12 keV/3～5 keV)(简写HR)的时变特性进行了分析,结果表明黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比HR存在明显的周期特性:(1)混合态(硬态+软态,本文指MJD=50087～55841期间所有的观测数据)时,HR存在T≈5.6 d、40.0 d、78.4 d、173.8 d以及400/800 d的时变周期; (2)硬态时, HR存在T≈5.6 d、33.7/67.6 d、45.3 d和165.3 d的周期特性; (3)软态时,HR出现了T≈38.5 d、48.1 d和128.3 d的周期性变化.并利用粘滞理论和Zdziarski吸积盘模型讨论了以上周期特性的物理机制.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.