太阳微波低频段射电III型爆发的一些特性分析

本介绍了云南天台四波段（１．４２,２．１３,２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测得到的五个微波ＩＩＩ爆发事件,它们具有宽频带,长和短寿命,内向和外向快速频漂等特征,观测事例表明,非热电子束引起的等离子体辐射和电子回旋脉泽辐射两种机制都可能发生,这些观测特征即可不完全同于米波－分米波ＩＩＩ型爆发,也不完全同于微波高频段ＩＩＩ型爆发,说明在微波低频段可能存在二重性或过渡现象。     

微波Ⅲ型爆发的统计分析

摘要：本文统计分析了国家天文台5．2～7．6GHz频段高时间分辨率频谱仪23周太阳活动峰年期间(1999．8～2002．1)观测到的87个Ⅲ型爆发，对这些事件的频率漂移、半功率持续时间、带宽和偏振及相关事件作了详细分析。认为这些Ⅲ型爆发可能是由非热电子束引起的谐波等离子体辐射和电子回旋脉泽辐射而产生。     

太阳射电精细结构高时间高频率分辨率观测研究

本文对太阳射电精细结构这一领域进行了较为详尽深入的调研 ,发现由于观测仪器技术指标 (时间、频率、频率覆盖、偏振、灵敏度等 )相对不高 ,有很多的精细结构 ,在时间上、在频率上并没有被完全分解开来 ,或是没有被检测到。对FFS的研究 ,还处于发现 -认识 -逐步深化的阶段。观测资料还很单薄。在微波高端 (厘米波段 ) ,精细结构的观测资料更是很少。另外 ,对FFS也只是有一个侧重频谱形态的分类。本文利用我国的“太阳射电宽带快速频谱仪”的观测资料 ,几年来 ,对微波频段的射电快速精细结构进行了较为深入的研究。主要研究结果有 :发现了弱偏振微波尖峰辐射中两个偏振分量之间的时间延迟和偏振反转现象 ;首次发现了微波 (短分米波段 )高偏振U型爆发并给出解释 ;首次发现了厘米波N型和M型爆发并给出解释 ;首次发现了高偏振微波斑点并给出解释 ;首次利用甚高频率分辨率频谱仪 ,通过对大样本的分米波尖峰辐射的统计 ,给出了更为可靠的、更小的相对带宽的下限 ;结合高空间分辨率的观测资料 ,对运动Ⅳ型爆发及其伴生的精细结构作了探讨 ;对双向电子束的起源及其加速位置进行了研究     

太阳射电精细结构高时间高频率分辨率观测研究

本文对太阳射电精细结构这一领域进行了较为详尽深入的调研，发现由于观测仪器技术指标（时间、频率、频率覆盖、偏振、灵敏度等）相对不高，有很多的精细结构，在时间上、在频率上并没有被完全分解开来，或是没有被检测到。对FFS的研究，还处于发现－认识－逐步深化的阶段。观测资料还很单薄。在微波高端（厘米波段），精细结构的观测资料更是很少。另外，对FFS也只是有一个侧重频谱形态的分类。本文利用我国的“太阳射电宽带快速频谱仪”的观测资料，几年来，对微波频段的射电快速精细结构进行了较为深入的研究。主要研究结果有：发现了弱偏振微波尖峰辐射中两个偏振分量之间的时间延迟和偏振反转现象；首次发现了微波（短分米波段）高偏振U型爆发并给出解释；首次发现了厘米波N型和M型爆发并给出解释；首次发现了高偏振微波斑点并给出解释；首次利用甚高频率分辨率频谱仪，通过对大样本的分米波尖峰辐射的统计，给出了更为可靠的、更小的相对带宽的下限；结合高空间分辨率的观测资料，对运动Ⅳ型爆发及其伴生的精细结构作了探讨；对双向电子束的起源及其加速位置进行了研究。     

2.6—3.8GHZ太阳射波爆发中的精细结构

微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射是太阳微波爆发中两个主要的精细结构,由于微波段比长波段的情况更复杂,单从形态上很难区分。１９９４年Ｉｓｌｉｋｅ ＆ Ｂｅｎｚ给出１－３ＧＨｚ频带上的各类爆发分类定义,本文参考了其中有关微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射的分类,分析北京天文台２．６－３．８ＧＨｚ频带上观测到的微波尖峰辐射的精细结构,发现该定义有局限性,重新定义了本波段上的微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射,并讨论了这种分类     

2.6--3.8 GHz太阳微波爆发中的精细结构

根据1994年lslike＆Benz给出的1－3GHz频带上的微波III型爆发和微波尖峰辐射的分类定义,分析北京天文台26－3．8GHz频带上观测到的微波爆发的精细结构．通过分析发现该定义有局限性．本文重新定义了该波段上的微波III型爆发和微波尖峰辐射,并讨论了这种分类定义与设备时间分辨率的关系     

2.63.8GHZ太阳微波爆发中的精细结构

微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射是太阳微波爆发中两个主要的精细结构,由于微波段比长波段的情况更复杂,单从形态上很难区分。１９９４ 年Ｉｓｌｉｋｅ ＆ Ｂｅｎｚ 给出１３ＧＨｚ 频带上的各类爆发分类定义,本文参考了其中关于微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射的分类,分析北京天文台２ ．６３ ．８ＧＨｚ 频带上观测到的微波尖峰辐射的精细结构,发现该定义有局限性,重新定义了本波段上的微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射,并讨论了这种分类定义与设备时间分辨率的关系     

1998年4月15日射电爆发中的微波Ⅲ型爆发

详细介绍了北京天文台2.6-3.8GHz太阳射电频谱仪在1998年4月15日观测到的一群微波Ⅲ型爆发。它们具有宽频带（＞100MHz）、短时标（＜100ms）、高偏振（100％）、短周期脉动（百毫秒）、内向快速频率漂移（高于1GHz/s）等显著特征。讨论了它的观测特征、时间轮廓和脉动现象，认为该群微波Ⅲ型爆发起源于等离子体基波辐射，阐述了在高频范围Ⅲ型爆发起源于等离子体基波辐射的可能性。     

1993年10月2日太阳射电爆发事件的证认和分析

分析了１９９３－１０－０２０７３９．５－０７４５．０ＵＴ在２．８４０ＧＨｚ－２．５４５ＧＨｚ观测到的一次太阳射电爆发事件，证认了这次爆发的一部分是微波类ＩＩ型爆发．计算结果表明，这次ＩＩ型爆发是由速度为１．０×１０８ｍ／ｓ的相对论性电子束所引起的，产生电子束的源区背景温度为Ｔ～３×１０７Ｋ，射电爆发亮温度Ｔｂ～１０１２Ｋ，爆发源区的尺度Ｌ～３．４×１０２ｋｍ．     

太阳射电微波爆发及其精细结构研究进展

太阳射电微波爆发携带着爆发源区的物理环境及辐射机制等诸多重要信息。其辐射频段较高，通常来自低日冕磁重联区，尤其是微波爆发的精细结构，持续时间短、变化快、结构复杂，可以反映重联过程复杂的磁场结构、高能粒子运动等许多特征。综述了太阳微波射电爆发分类研究的3个主要阶段，介绍了每一阶段的重要爆发类型、物理机制研究及相应的观测设备，讨论了进一步研究的方向。     

Statistics and Analysis of Microwave Type III Bursts at Low Frequencies

68 groups of type III bursts recorded with the dynamic spectrograph (from1 to 2 GHz) at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory are statistically analyzed in this present article, with the frequency drift, duration, bandwidth and polarization of each of these events being analyzed in detail. These observational features are different from those of metric, decimetric and microwave high frequency type III bursts, showing that there possibly exist transition phenomena in the microwave low frequency band and the microwave type III bursts at low frequencies are possibly produced by the harmonic plasma radiation caused by nonthermal electronic beams and by the electron gyro-maser radiation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Statistical Analysis of Decimetric Type III Bursts

Detailed statistics and analysis of 264 type III bursts observed with the 625–1500 MHz spectrograph during the 23rd solar cycle (from July 2000 to April 2003) are carried out in the present article. The main statistical results are similar to those of microwave type III bursts presented in the literature cited, such as the correlation between type III bursts and flares, polarization, duration, frequency drift rate (normal and reverse slopes), distribution of type III bursts and frequency bandwidth. At the same time, the statistical results also point out that the average values of the frequency drift rates and degrees of polarization increase with the increase in frequency and the average value of duration decreases with the increase in frequency. Other statistical results show that the starting frequencies of the type III bursts are mainly within the range from 650 to 800 MHz, and most type III bursts have an average bandwidth of 289 MHz. The distributions imply that the electron acceleration and the place of energy release are within a limited decimetric range. The characteristics of the narrow bandwidth possibly involve the magnetic configuration at decimetric wavelengths, the location of electron acceleration in the magnetic field nearto the main flare, the relevant runaway or trapped electrons, or the coherent radio emission produced by some secondary shock waves. In addition, the number of type III bursts with positive frequency drift rates is almost equal to that with negative frequency drift rates. This is probably explained by the hypothesis that an equal number of electron beams are accelerated upwards and downwards within the range of 625 to 1500 MHz. The radiation mechanism of type III bursts at decimetric wavelengths probably includes these microwave and metric mechanisms and the most likely cause of the coherent plasma radiation are the emission processes of the electron cyclotron maser.     

微波Ⅲ型爆发的观测特征

统计分析了国家天文台2．6-3．8 GHz高时间分辨率射电动态频谱仪在23周峰年期间(1998．4—2003．1)观测到的266个III型爆发．对这些事件的频率漂移、持续时间、偏振、带宽、开始和结束频率做了详细分析．开始和结束频率的统计分析表明,开始频率在一个非常大的范围,从小于2．6 GHz到大于3．8 GHz,而结束频率的截止区相对集中,从2．82-3．76 G．Hz．这些现象说明,电子加速的高度相当分散,在观测频率范围内具有正、负漂移率的III型爆发数基本相等,这可能意味着被加速的向上和向下传播的电子束在2．6—3．8 GHz范围有相同的比例．统计结果表明,微波III型爆发的辐射机制主要是等离子体辐射和电子回旋脉泽辐射过程．     

Observational characteristics of microwave type III bursts

The 266 type III bursts, observed with the 2.6–3.8 GHz high temporal resolution dynamic spectrometer of NAO during the 23rd solar cycle (from April 1998 to January 2003), are statistically analyzed. The parameters of these events, including the frequency drift, duration, polarization, bandwidth, starting and ending frequencies, are analyzed in details. The statistics on the starting and ending frequencies indicate that the starting frequency varies in a very large range from less than 2.6 GHz to greater than 3.8 GHz, while the ending frequency varies in a relatively narrow range from 2.82 GHz to 3.76 GHz. These phenomena imply that the heights where the electrons are accelerated are quite scattered, while the cutoff regions of the type III bursts are relatively restricted. The numbers of the bursts with the positive and negative drift rates are nearly equal, this may suggest that the accelerated electrons propagating upward and those propagating downward are equally proportioned in the observing frequency range. And the statistical results demonstrate that the microwave type III bursts are mainly caused by the plasma radiation and electron gyro-maser radiation.     

The Generating Region of Bidirectional Electron Beams in the Corona

Metric and decimetric type III bursts and microwave spike emissions with negative and positive frequency drift rates which were observed with radio spectrometers at Yunnan and Beijing Observatories are presented. The frequencies and heights at which the bidirectional electron beams originated are estimated. Three events reveal a separatrix frequency (at 250, 1300, and 2900 MHz) between normal- and reverse-drifting radio bursts, indicating a compact acceleration source where electron beams are injected in both upward and downward directions. These cases may indicate that the changeover frequencies of bidirectional electron beams are within a large band from 250 to 2900 MHz and the frequency bands of separatrices are in very small (4 to 100 MHz) and different bands. These type III bursts appear to be a plasma emission phenomenon from a beam of electrons which seem to have widely separated acceleration regions from the high to the low corona. These cases suggest that current sheets that separate open and closed magnetic fluxes in the low corona, and oppositely directed open field lines in the high corona are possible sites for bidirectional electron acceleration. The regions of magnetic topology from closed to open magnetic field structures should be very large (from about 20000 to 107000 km above the photosphere).     

A New Catalogue of Fine Structures Superimposed on Solar Microwave Bursts

The 2.6-3.8 GHz, 4.5-7.5 GHz, 5.2-7.6 GHz and 0.7-1.5 GHz component spectrometers of Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer (SBRS) started routine observations, respectively, in late August 1996, August 1999, August 1999, and June 2000. They just managed to catch the coming 23rd solar active maximum. Consequently, a large amount of microwave burst data with high temporal and high spectral resolution and high sensitivity were obtained. A variety of fine structures (FS) superimposed on microwave bursts have been found. Some of them are known, such as microwave type Ⅲ bursts, microwave spike emission, but these were observed with more detail; some are new. Reported for the first time here are microwave type U bursts with similar spectral morphology to those in decimetric and metric wavelengths, and with outstanding characteristics such as very short durations (tens to hundreds ms), narrow bandwidths, higher frequency drift rates and higher degrees of polarization. Type N and type M bursts were also observed. Detailed zebra pattern and fiber bursts at the high frequency were found. Drifting pulsation structure (DPS) phenomena closely associated with CME are considered to manifest the initial phase of the CME, and quasi-periodic pulsation with periods of tens ms have been recorded. Microwave “patches”, unlike those reported previously, were observed with very short durations (about 300ms), very high flux densities (up to 1000 sfu), very high polarization (about 100% RCP), extremely narrow bandwidths (about 5%), and very high spectral indexes. These cannot be interpreted with the gyrosynchrotron process. A superfine structure in the form of microwave FS (ZPS,type U), consisting of microwave millisecond spike emission (MMS), was also found.     

Coronal Magnetic Field Lines and Electrons Associated with Type III–V Radio Bursts in a Solar Flare

We recently investigated some of the hitherto unreported observational characteristics of the low frequency (85–35 MHz) type III–V bursts from the Sun using radio spectropolarimeter observations. The quantitative estimates of the velocities of the electron streams associated with the above two types of bursts indicate that they are in the range \({\gtrsim }0.13c\)–0.02c for the type V bursts, and nearly constant (\({\approx }0.4c\)) for the type III bursts. We also find that the degree of circular polarization of the type V bursts vary gradually with frequency/heliocentric distance as compared to the relatively steeper variation exhibited by the preceding type III bursts. These imply that the longer duration of the type V bursts at any given frequency (as compared to the preceding type III bursts) which is its defining feature, is due to the combined effect of the lower velocities of the electron streams that generate type V bursts, spread in the velocity spectrum, and the curvature of the magnetic field lines along which they travel.     

Microwave Type III Burst Group in the 1993 October 2 Flare

Microwave Type III bursts with positive frequency drifting rate were found by Stahli and Benz (1987) for first time. Type III events are especially interesting because they are well-known to be signatures of electron beams in coronal plasma, and they are effective means for diagnosting of source plasma. A microwave burst consisting of some microwave type III burst groups was registered at Beijing Astronomical Observatory with the 2545–2645–2840 MHz synchronous observing system. The distributions of frequency drifting rate, half power duration, and intensity for each impulse in the groups have been statistically analysed. From this analysis, some important parameters for the dynamic process in the flare are deduced and discussed.     

由对偶的Ⅲ型射电爆发观测探讨日冕双向电子束的起源问题

介绍云南和北京天文台射电频谱仪观测到的3个对偶的米波－－微波Ⅲ型爆发，估计了双向电子束起源的频率和高度，3个事件分别揭示了在正向和反向漂移爆发之间的分界频率（约为250，1300和2900MHz),它们指出了一个致密的电子加速源，在这个源中产生了向上和向下两个方向注入的电子束，从这些事例可以表明不同事件的双向电子束的分界频率有一个相当大的范围（250－2900MHz)，而它们的起源范围却是在一个很小的（大约4－100MHz)和不同的频段范围内。最后讨论了日冕磁结构的拓扑范围、电子加速源构造的空间尺度、电子束运动速度和对偶Ⅲ型爆发的产生机制。     

Occurrence of bidirectional type III bursts in solar flares

The 13 pairs of type III bursts with the bidirectional drift structures recorded with the spectrograph in the frequency ranges of 230–300 MHz and 625–1500 MHz at the Yunnan Observatory and 2600–3800 MHz at the Beijing National Astronomical Observatories are analyzed in this present article and the outstanding characteristics of these events are obtained. These bursts respectively reveal that the separatrix frequency between the bursts with positive and negative drifts comes between 250 MHz and 3420 MHz, with a gap being between 0.6 MHz and 110 MHz; the duration is 53 ms–1880 ms and the frequency drift rate is between 45 MHz/s and 56000 MHz/s. The drift rate at metric wavelengths is relatively low, only a few decades of MHz while it is comparatively high at microwave wavelengths, reaching 56000 MHz/s. The qualitative explanation of these events is given in this paper.