致密砂岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深井区巴什基奇克组为例

根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞实验等数据,采用微米CT高分辨率成像技术和微米CT充注驱替实验,定量识别储集空间类型,表征储集空间微观结构特征,研究库车坳陷克深井区白垩系巴什基奇克组致密砂岩储集空间对含气性的影响。结果表明:研究区目的层致密砂岩储层储集空间的类型为孔隙和微裂缝,孔隙提供主要的储集空间,是气体主要的赋存场所,微裂缝储集气体的作用是次要的;给定压力条件下,致密砂岩储层含气性受控于气体可进入的连通储集空间(体积大于104μm3)的体积;微裂缝的发育沟通不连通的孔隙,对改善致密砂岩储层的含气性更重要。该结果为克深井区巴什基奇克组致密砂岩储层进一步勘探和开发提供指导。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜区块超深层致密砂岩储层裂缝特征及其对油气产能的影响

天然裂缝是深层致密砂岩储层重要的油气运移通道和储集空间,对库车坳陷博孜区块油气产能具有重要意义。利用岩心、薄片、成像测井以及实际生产资料,在明确塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜区块超深层致密砂岩储层天然裂缝发育特征的基础上,厘定了天然裂缝对油气产能的影响。研究结果表明：库车坳陷博孜区块超深层储层构造裂缝发育,其中主要发育未充填-半充填的高角度剪切缝,局部发育半充填-全充填张性缝,受多期构造运动影响,区内主要发育N-S向和NW-SE向天然裂缝,部分呈近EW向;裂缝是研究区重要的储集空间和渗流通道,通过成像测井资料和试油资料构建了裂缝发育系数和裂缝有效系数用以定量表征裂缝对油气产能的影响,并建立了这两项表征参数和油气产能的定量评价图版,通过验证说明裂缝发育系数和裂缝有效系数可以较好地评价研究区裂缝的有效性,实现了通过裂缝参数对裂缝性储层品质的分类预测。研究成果不仅为研究区油气高效勘探开发提供了地质依据,同时提供了一个致密砂岩储层裂缝对油气产能影响的实例。     

基于离散裂缝网络模型的储层裂缝建模

应用测井和地震资料分析储层裂缝在三维空间上的分布形态.首先对微电阻率成像测井EMI资料处理,人工识别出天然张开裂缝,计算裂缝的密度、长度、宽度、倾角、方位等参数,并生成LAS格式的数据;然后以GoCAD为软件平台,依据离散裂缝网络模型DFN原理,综合运用裂缝定量数据、测井数据和地震资料,建立普光气田碳酸盐岩储层裂缝地质...     

四川安岳地区须二段致密砂岩储层成岩相特征及测井识别

通过岩芯观察以及对普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等资料的鉴定和分析,探讨了安岳地区须二段致密砂岩储层岩石学和物性特征、成岩作用、成岩阶段和成岩演化序列;基于不同成岩相的测井响应特征,利用自然伽马、声波时差、电阻率、密度和补偿中子孔隙度等常规测井参数建立了不同成岩相的测井识别标准,进而划分安岳地区各单井成岩相。结果表明:安岳地区须二段致密砂岩储层经历了压实、胶结等破坏性成岩作用和溶蚀、破裂等建设性成岩作用;根据成岩作用类型、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响,将储层划分为压实致密相、伊蒙混层充填相、碳酸盐胶结相、不稳定组分溶蚀相和成岩微裂缝相5种成岩相类型;结合试气资料,成岩微裂缝相常伴随构造裂缝的发育,含气性最好,而当没有裂缝的叠加作用时,不稳定组分溶蚀相含气性较好;成岩相特征、展布及其测井识别方法能有效评价致密砂岩储层并预测优质储集体发育带,为油气勘探提供地质依据。     

致密低渗透储层裂缝研究进展

我国致密低渗透储层的油气资源量巨大,但储层基质物性差,非均质性强,天然裂缝发育,勘探与开发难度大。天然裂缝是致密低渗透储层的有效储集空间和主要渗流通道,控制了这类油气藏的成藏、单井产能及开发效果,天然裂缝分布规律研究对致密低渗透油气藏的勘探和开发至关重要。在阅读国内外大量文献的基础上,系统地综述了致密低渗透储层裂缝研究中涉及的储层裂缝成因类型、控制因素、储层裂缝参数表征方法、裂缝有效性影响因素与评价方法、天然裂缝与人工裂缝的耦合关系等研究现状,探讨了现阶段储层裂缝研究中存在的问题及进一步需要开展的工作。非常规储层裂缝的形成机理与主控因素、多学科相结合的高精度裂缝井间预测及裂缝三维地质建模、裂缝的分级评价及有效性评价将是近期裂缝研究的重点。      

深层、超深层致密砂岩储层成岩相测井定量评价: 以库车坳陷博孜-大北地区为例

博孜-大北地区巴什基奇克组为深层、超深层致密砂岩储层, 岩性致密, 亟需揭示储层品质主控因素, 建立相配套的有利储层测井评价方法。为单井定量评价其成岩相, 充分利用岩心、常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等资料, 对博孜-大北地区巴什基奇克组致密储层的岩石学、物性、成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物等特征进行了研究, 并在视压实率、视胶结率、溶蚀孔隙含量和成岩综合系数等参数定量计算的基础上, 根据成岩作用强度及其组合特征对储层成岩相分类命名, 划分出中等压实弱溶蚀相、碳酸盐胶结相及压实致密相等不同的成岩相类型。通过薄片等资料与测井资料拟合分析, 建立了成岩综合系数C_g的测井计算模型, 以及定量识别储层成岩相的方法。对X1、Y1等井的测井资料进行了处理, 并通过识别结果与物性分析、铸体薄片等的匹配关系, 验证了方法模型的可靠性。成岩相测井定量表征方法的建立可为有利储层预测提供指导。      

克拉玛依油田八区克上组砾岩油藏测井描述

克拉玛依油田八区克上组储层发育,油气资源丰富,为克拉玛依油田八区的主力油藏.在该油藏研究中,充分利用已有的测井资料,首先研究了测井资料的标准化方法和以测井曲线为基础的岩心归位方法,进而采用神经网络技术将测井信息转化为地质信息,通过该区117口井资料的综合解释和评价处理,为储层研究提供了基本地质参数和油气评价结论,并采用克里金估计模型绘制了砂体分布、油层有效厚度、孔隙度、渗透率及含油饱和度的平面空间分布图,全面分析了储层在空间的分布规律,为区块油藏综合治理和开发提供了可靠依据.     

基于数字露头的多尺度裂缝模型建立及其对地下裂缝预测指导

塔里木盆地台盆区发育大面积的深层碳酸盐岩油气藏,构造裂缝是深层碳酸盐岩油气藏重要的储层渗流通道和储集空间,但受多种地质因素的影响其分布具有强烈的非均质性,目前无一套有效的技术方法解决储层多尺度裂缝定量化表征的难题。利用数字露头技术,建立露头区三维数字模型,并在此基础上开展露头裂缝识别及裂缝参数的定量描述。基于露头裂缝研究成果,对于不同尺度裂缝的发育特点采用不同的建模方法,针对大、中尺度裂缝,分别采用确定性建模方法和基于分维理论的优化融合建模方法;面对小尺度裂缝建模复杂的难题,利用多元信息融合方法融合断层走向模型、距断层距离模型以及地层构造曲率模型建立小尺度裂缝综合发育概率体,以裂缝综合发育概率体为约束,多元数据协同模拟构建小尺度裂缝网络模型。结果表明：在同一网格体系下,将多尺度裂缝模型及构造模型叠加获得露头原型地质模型。将露头原型地质模型研究成果应用于塔里木盆地跃满地区地下储层裂缝建模中,分尺度描述了裂缝产状、密度等主要建模参数,确定了裂缝发育主控因素,并结合井点裂缝分析成果,构建了储层多尺度裂缝网络模型,与单井裂缝解释、生产资料吻合度较好。实例研究表明露头原型地质模型研究成果可以为地...     

断层相关裂缝的发育模式及分布预测——以东濮凹陷沙三段为例

低孔低渗砂岩是东濮凹陷沙三段的主要储层,储层中与断层相关的裂缝十分发育,是形成优质储层甜点区的重要因素。为阐明断层相关裂缝的发育模式和分布规律,利用大量岩芯、地震、成像测井及实验分析等资料,对东濮凹陷沙三段储层中的断层相关裂缝基本特征、主控因素、发育模式及油气地质意义进行了研究,并利用断地比定量预测了裂缝的分布规律。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段断层相关裂缝主要走向为NNE向、NE向,形成于沙三晚期和东营晚期,与主控断层在力学性质和形成时间上具有一致性;断层相关裂缝的发育程度随着距断层距离的增大呈指数递减,且断层上盘裂缝线密度要高于下盘;裂缝的发育程度和裂缝带宽度与主控断层的规模成正相关关系;断层相关裂缝可显著提高储层的物性和含油性;断地比大于10的区域为裂缝发育区;采用断地比参数法预测出5个致密储层裂缝甜点区。     

致密砂岩储层“甜点”识别及评价方法

四川盆地北部须家河组须四段为辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,砂体极其发育,而因须四段整体埋深大、储层非均质性强、孔隙结构复杂,储层"甜点"识别和综合评价成为制约该区低渗透致密砂岩储层勘探开发的关键。基于大量薄片观察鉴定,结合测井、录井资料,分析了控制特低渗透致密砂岩储层的关键地质因素,提出因子分析法定性识别致密砂岩储层"甜点"模型和定量评价标准,并对四川盆地北部目标区块须四段储层进行综合评价。结果证实:①致密砂岩储层局部存在物性较好的"甜点"区;②因子分析法提取的3个参数因子能定性解释致密砂岩储层特征,准确识别"甜点"段;③因子分析法定量评价结果与四川盆地北部须四段实际勘探开发效果吻合,相对于常规评价方法准确率大幅提高;④川北地区须四段储层可划分为三类,目标区块主要发育Ⅱ类储层,该区块东南部北东向为天然气富集区,是气藏开发的重点区域。      

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G. sibirica Heer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologic and stratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G.sibiricaHeer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologicandstratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G. sibirica Heer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologic and stratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

胶东地区早白垩世崂山期花岗岩

崂山期花岗岩是胶东地区广泛分布的中生代花岗岩之一,形成年龄为108～118Ma。崂山期花岗岩形成于弧后拉张环境,是中国东部中生代构造体制转换结束期岩浆事件的产物,受区域构造控制,为地壳深部岩浆沿NE向断裂上侵就位。该期花岗岩具有高硅、富碱,贫Fe、Mg、Al,贫Sr、Ba、Ti、P,并具有显著的负Eu异常,Ga/Al比值高,是中国东部中生代早白垩世晚期下地壳重熔型花岗岩——A型花岗岩,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩。崂山期花岗岩超动侵入伟德山期花岗岩和早白垩世陆相沉积地层,常与伟德山期花岗岩伴生构成I-A型复式杂岩体。     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing－Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin , western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and J iufotang formations. In the Weijialing－Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

松辽盆地钱家店地区上白垩统辉绿岩特征及铀成矿作用

松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床为国家超大型砂岩型铀矿床,具体成因及其与辉绿岩的关系有待研究。综合利用岩心、镜下薄片、包裹体测温、U-Pb同位素定年、背散射电子成像、电子探针分析、测井和地震资料等,对松辽盆地钱家店地区上白垩统辉绿岩岩体进行系统识别,探讨辉绿岩侵入在铀成矿中的作用。结果表明:松辽盆地钱家店地区上白垩统广泛发育辉绿岩侵入体,辉绿岩呈块状,致密坚硬,局部角砾化,岩性以基性斜长石和单斜辉石为主,发育高角度构造、溶蚀缝;测井曲线表现为低自然伽马和声波时差、高电阻率的"两低一高"响应特征;地震剖面呈树状结构,地震反射与围岩差异明显,岩株主体表现为杂乱反射,枝干以强振幅、中—低频和同相轴连续性好为特征。辉绿岩侵入与铀矿成矿关系密切,部分铀成矿年龄与辉绿岩活动时期相当,辉绿岩岩浆活动参与部分铀矿床的形成,且铀矿床具有后期热液叠加成矿作用的特点。另外,辉绿岩树状空间分布可为铀矿形成提供氧化性水体隔挡作用,促使铀矿在隔挡侧富集。     

Int'l Symposium on Cretaceous Biota and K-Pg boundary successfully held in Jiayin,China

正The "International Symposium on Cretaceous biota and the K-Pg boundary and the 2ndJiayin Forum on Fossil Protection",co-hosted by the Key-Lab of Evolution of Past Life in Northeast Asia,Ministry of Natural Resources (EPLNEA,MNRC),Key-Lab for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, China (EPLENEA,MOEC), and Palaeontological Society of China     

Early Cretaceous flora from coal-bearing strata of Markovsky Peninsula in South Primorye，Russia

The Early Cretaceous flora from the coal-bearing strata(Ussuri and Lipovtsy formations)in the Markovsky peninsula of South Primorye,Far East Russia,is reported in some detail in this paper.The flora containing over 80 species of about 50 genera can be divided into two assemblages.The paleofloristic characteristics and the comparisons of this flora with its coeval floras from the adjacent region of the eastern Heilongjiang of Northeast China,indicate the flora and its coal-bearing strata of the Markovsky peninsula can be compared to those of the Chengzihe and Muling formations of the Jixi area of Heilongjiang,representing probably the late Barremian and Aptian age,respectively.     

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites in Hailar Basin,NE China

Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites of the Shangkuli Formation in the Hailar Basin of NE China exhibit geochemical characteristics of high silicon, alkali, Fe/Mg, Ga/Al, Zr, Pb, HFSEs, and REE contents but low Ca, Ba, Sr and Eu, which meet the criteria of typical reduced A-type granite.The A-type rhyolites are most probably derived from magmatic underplating and partial melting of quartz-feldspathic lower crust, with the lithospheric mantle material involved, due to the extensional deformation of the Erguna-Hulun Fault.Although the A-type rhyolites show A1-type trace elements characteristics, they were formed in a post-orogenic extension-al background together with the coeval widespread bimodal volcanic rocks, metamorphic core complexes, vol-canic fault basins and metallogenic province in the Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.This extension event was related to the collapse of thickened region of the continental crust after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.