台风“烟花”(2106)期间江苏南通地区降水稳定同位素组成变化特征及影响因素

2021年第6号(2106)台风“烟花”是我国有监测记录以来对大陆影响时间最长的台风,为华东地区带来了暴雨级的降水。基于台风“烟花”(2106)影响江苏南通地区期间小时尺度高分辨率的降水稳定同位素数据,分析了降水稳定同位素组成变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：降水δ¹⁸O值为-11.7‰～-2.3‰,加权平均值为-7.4‰。台风影响前期,采样点水汽主要来源于附近海域,受云下蒸发效应的影响,降水δ¹⁸O值相对偏正;台风影响中期,受相对湿度与上游累积对流强度的共同控制,降水δ¹⁸O值逐渐偏负。但相较于已发表的我国台风降水δ¹⁸O极端偏负值(-20.1‰～-12.6‰),台风“烟花”(2106)降水δ¹⁸O极值并未显著偏负,主要是由于上游累积对流降水历时较短以及台风登陆后水汽缺乏大规模有组织性的对流活动。     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床有机地球化学特征及成矿作用

近年来,有机质与金属成矿关系研究备受关注。扬子板块北缘马元矿床铅锌矿体分布与古油藏、沥青在空间上叠置,是探索有机质与铅锌成矿关系的理想地区。矿区发育分散有机质、沥青、气态烃类等不同赋存形式的有机质,生物标志化合物特征明显,以低碳数正构烷烃为主,具浅海环境藻类来源特征,均处于过成熟演化程度。沥青²⁰⁶ Pb/²⁰⁴ Pb值为17.946~18.071,207 Pb/204 Pb值为15.593~15.703,²⁰⁸ Pb/²⁰⁴ Pb值为37.812~38.072,Pb模式年龄为612~478 Ma,结合油-源对比结果,沥青主要来源于下寒武统郭家坝组烃源岩,郭家坝组烃源岩经历了较强的还原环境和缺氧的高盐度环境。各类有机质C同位素组成一致,δ¹³ C值为-35.3‰~-31.4‰,与区内闪锌矿流体包裹体中甲烷、乙烷等C同位素一致,显示有机成因碳典型特征。综上所述,马元铅锌矿床成矿与有机质关系密切,古油藏热裂解和热化学硫酸盐还原(TSR)作用提供了还原硫,富含Pb、Zn的盆地卤水与富含CH₄、H₂S的有机还原性流体混合是其重要成矿机制。     

印度尼西亚戴里Sedex型铅锌矿集区成矿流体特征及成矿物质来源:流体包裹体及同位素地球化学证据

戴里铅锌矿集区位于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西北部,是一个主要产于页岩、具有巨型规模的Sedex型铅锌矿。通过系统的流体包裹体测试及H、O、S、Pb等同位素分析,以对其成因进行约束。分析结果表明:①戴里铅锌矿流体包裹体均一温度范围为189~315℃,峰值为220~240℃;②δD_V-SMOW值范围为-68.7‰~-76.4‰,平均为-72.9‰,δ18O_V-SMOW值范围为+5.9‰~+19.5‰,平均为+16.6‰;③黄铁矿δ34S_CDT值为正值,集中分布在+25.49‰~+26.36‰之间;④铅同位素显示较高的μ值（9.92~10.17,平均值为10.04）和ω值（38.06~40.51,平均值为39.26）。该矿床成矿流体温度为中温（220~240℃）,成矿流体可能以岩浆水为主,有少量浅源水的加入,硫、铅均为单一来源,其中硫主要来自海水,铅来源于上地壳。      

饲料中豆粕含量对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响

配制全鱼粉饲料（以鱼粉为蛋白源）、10%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白10%鱼粉）、20%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白20%鱼粉）等3种等氮等能饲料,分别投喂体质量21.34± 1.54g的幼鱼24 d,研究饲料中豆柏蛋白含量对 军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馈的影响。结果表明,随着养殖时间的延长,各饲料组军曹鱼δ13C逐渐上升,δ15N逐渐下降,虽然δ13C和δ15N变化速度上有差异,但除20%豆柏饲料组肌肉的δ15N外,其他各饲料组肌肉和 全鱼在实验结束时均已与饲料达到同位素平衡;军曹鱼肌肉和全鱼的△13^C和△15^N值均随饲料中豆柏蛋白含量 的增加而加大,△13C从4.19‰增加到5.04‰, △15N从0.18‰。增加到 2.20‰,军警鱼金鱼和肌肉的△13C和△15N 相似,但在同位素值变化速度上有差异,因此,在进行生态学营养级研究（长时间尺度）时,肌肉可以代表军警鱼的同位素特征,而在进行生理学研究（短时间尺度）时,肌肉的同位素变化则不能代表军警鱼的同位素变化。     

塔里木盆地轮古7井区以东奥陶系古岩溶储层碳氧同位素地球化学特征研究

轮南古潜山轮古7井区以东地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩遭受多期次的地质构造、岩溶作用及充填改造作用,岩溶缝洞系统发育,岩溶储层主要发育在一间房组、鹰山组地层内,垂向上发育在潜山面以下(200~300 m)范围内,储层类型分为裂缝型、孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型、洞穴型岩溶储层。通过采集28个岩溶充填物样品进行碳氧同位素地球化学分析,研究了缝洞充填物的充填期次及充填环境特征。分析表明,轮古7井区以东奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶缝洞系统充填物的δ13C和δ18O值的变化范围较大,δ13C_PDB值为-7.82‰~6.03‰,平均值为-1.20‰;δ18O_PDB值为-16.13‰~-7.24‰,平均值为-10.97‰,说明该区碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用过程中受到大气降水作用明显,反映了古风化壳岩溶环境,划分了4种不同的岩溶作用与充填期次。      

滇东南洒西钨铍矿床成矿流体来源和演化: 来自流体包裹体和H-O同位素证据

洒西钨铍矿床位于滇东南老君山钨锡多金属成矿区。确定早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体的流体性质、来源和演化过程, 并对其流体地球化学和同位素进行约束, 可以有效探讨洒西钨铍矿床成矿机制, 为老君山矿集区下一步找矿工作提供理论思考。洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体的形成经历了硅酸盐阶段、氧化物-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 白钨矿和绿柱石主要形成于前两阶段。对洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体不同阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱分析等研究, 并对早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体矿石中石英的氢-氧同位素组成进行了测试。结果表明: 该矿床内脉状矿体的流体包裹体主要有富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型。流体包裹体的气相成分以H₂O主, 含少量还原性气体如C₂H₂等, 液相成分也以H₂O为主。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 包裹体的均一温度和盐度(NaCl_eq)峰值范围分别为240~360℃、2.35%~13.81%;220~310℃、4.03%~9.86%和190~270℃、2.41%~6.88%。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 成矿流体的温度呈现降低趋势, 盐度也呈降低趋势。成矿流体总体上属中-高温度、低盐度、贫CO₂、含部分还原性气体的NaCl-H₂O流体体系。早期似层状矿体石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围小, 为-102.8‰~-99.0‰, δ18O_V-SMOW值为11.7‰~13.0‰, δ18O_H2O值为3.16‰~6.46‰; 晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围较大, 为-99.6‰~-69.5‰, δ18O_V-SMOW值为11.2‰~14.1‰, δ18O_H2O值为3.08‰~6.73‰。综合表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水, 混合有少量大气降水或有机水, 流体可能发生了沸腾作用, 加之温度的降低, 导致晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段主要成矿物质的沉淀。洒西钨铍矿床属于中高温热液矿床。      

桂江流域河流有机碳特征

通过对桂江流域内植物、土壤碳同位素、河流有机碳含量及同位素进行系统取样测试分析发现,桂江流域C3 植物的
δ13C范围为-37.89‰~ -23.27‰,C4 植物δ13C范围为-14.49‰~-12.00‰。土壤碳库的δ13C 范围为-30.43‰~
-11.56‰,平均值为-24.32‰。土壤碳库主要受C3 途径植物控制,C4 途径植物对土壤碳库的δ13C影响有限,植物残体转化成
土壤有机质的过程中产生有机碳同位素分馏效应,造成土壤有机碳同位素比植物碳库偏重4.42‰。桂江河流DOC分布范围
0.68~2.16mg/L,平均值为1.39mg/L。ρ(POC)分布范围0.11~1.14mg/L,平均值为0.37mg/L,DOC/POC的范围1.31~
9.04,ρ(DOC)>ρ(POC),成为水体有机碳的主要形式。流域水体中δ13CDOC值的范围为-29.682‰~-15.377‰,平均值为
-24.810‰;δ13CPOC值的范围为-27.886‰~-24.271‰,平均值为-25.868‰;两者均位于土壤有机碳库同位素范围内,说明河流
有机碳主要来源于土壤的机械侵蚀和土壤有机质的降解,受人类生产生活有机废弃物和河流自生浮游植物的代谢分泌物影响小。      

豫北林州地区鼓山阶底部碳同位素组成及演化趋势

碳同位素地层学是寒武系地层划分与对比的重要手段。通过对豫北驴驮沟剖面碳酸盐岩地层进行碳同位素分析发现,驴驮沟剖面寒武系鼓山阶(Drumian)底界附近的碳酸盐岩的δ13C值分布于3.1‰~-1.7‰之间,δ18O值分布于-3.9‰~-9.4‰之间。δ13C、δ18O之前的非协变关系指示碳同位素组成比较稳定。鼓山阶底界附近δ13C表现为负漂移演化趋势,漂移幅度为3.0‰,最低值为-1.7‰,出现在三叶虫Proasaphiscus首现位置15 m之下。出现负漂移的位置和负漂移的幅度与华南湘西王村剖面、美国犹他州Drum Mountains等剖面的鼓山阶底部的负漂Drum carbon isotope excursion(DICE)一致,表明DICE负漂移具有洲际对比意义,可作为寒武系鼓山阶划分和对比的工具。负漂移峰值处岩性为位于青灰色页岩之间的薄层灰岩夹层,超覆于鲕粒灰岩之上,因此,寒武系鼓山阶底部附近的DICE负漂移对应于苗岭世早期的海侵时期。      

硝酸盐水质污染与污染源类型的相关性以及氮同位素的应用分析

为了研究莱芜市各类污染源对硝酸盐数值贡献的大小,通过莱芜市地下水污染调查项目各类污染源水质监测结果,挑选出符合对应污染源类型的硝酸盐水质监测数据,进行数理统计,显示对硝酸盐影响数值贡献最大的污染源类型为畜禽养殖,其次为农业面源污染、固体废弃物、工业废水排放、生活污水、矿坑排水。为识别莱芜市地下水中硝酸盐的来源,选取莱芜市10处同位素采样点进行δ~(15)N及δ~(18)O测试,根据测试结果,δ~(15)N值变化范围为(5.82～19.95)×10~(-3),δ~(18)O值变化范围为(-8.76～-5.34)×10~(-3),根据采样点δ~(15)N、δ~(18)O值所在的值域位置及所处的水文地质条件,表明10处同位素采样点处硝酸盐来源为粪便、化肥及工业污染,部分采样点的~(15)N及δ~(18)O的比值大于2,基本上可证明反硝化作用的存在。     

江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征及其指示意义

溶解性有机碳（DOC）是地下水中砷释放过程的关键因素,为查明江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征,识别有机质的降解过程对砷富集的影响,采用稳定碳同位素分析测试技术并结合地下水化学特征,对江汉平原典型砷中毒病区的浅层地下水进行了区域采样分析。结果表明:浅层承压水的砷质量浓度为0.23~2 621 μg/L。地表水较地下水具有更负的δ13C_DOC、δ13C_DIC值。地下水中溶解性无机碳（DIC）的δ13C_DIC值在-11.9‰~-3.99‰之间,溶解性有机碳的δ13C_DOC值在-28.5‰~-19.6‰之间。地下水的δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与ρ（As）呈一定负相关关系,表明微生物作用下有机质的降解促进了As的富集。δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与δ13C_DIC和ρ（DOC）均具有较显著的正相关关系,表明地下水中有机质的氧化分解是导致δ13C_DIC贫化的重要过程,微生物作用下溶解性有机质的降解是地下水中无机碳的重要来源。此外,江汉平原少数高砷地下水呈现较大的δ13C_DIC值,推断江汉平原高砷含水层强还原环境下可能存在的产甲烷过程导致了明显的碳同位素分馏。      

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied