东营凹陷永921-920区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩体沉积特征

砂砾岩体是断陷盆地陡坡带主要的油气储集体。结合地震、测井、录井、岩心、镜下薄片、粒度分析、孔渗化验等资料,对
山东省东营市盐家油田永921-920区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩体的沉积特征、成因机制及储层特征进行了研究。结果表明,该区块砂
砾岩体受控于北部边界断裂控制的近岸水下扇,岩石结构成熟度与成分成熟度均低,粒度概率曲线发育缓慢上拱形与低斜两段式
以及块状层理、反粒序层理、鲍马序列(Ta,Tb,Td段)、截切构造、泥岩撕裂屑、滑塌揉皱变形层理等均反映了重力流沉积特点,同
时也可见槽状交错层理、平行层理、沙纹层理及水平层理等反映牵引流的沉积构造;识别出4期砂砾岩扇体,早期叠置连片,晚期
孤立分散,呈退积型沉积复合体,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ期上部砂砾岩体储层质量较好,其中扇中辫状水道物性最好,扇中前缘与内扇主水
道物性相对较差。      

棋盘山中元古界仲官屯组潮坪风暴流沉积特征及其相模式

棋盘山仲官屯组为一套陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的混合沉积,广泛发育有干裂、双向交错层理、浪成沙纹层理、B—C层序、波痕、层纹石等特征的潮坪沉积标志,其形成条件应属潮坪环境。此潮坪环境进一步划分为潮上、潮间、潮下等环境。仲官屯组发育有多层风暴流沉积——风暴岩。风暴岩风暴沉积标志清楚,见有冲刷面、粒序层理、丘状层理、倒小字型构造等。依据风暴沉积所处的沉积环境和风暴沉积标志组合特征,将棋盘山风暴岩划分为潮间原地风暴沉积、潮下高能近源异地风暴沉积和潮下泻湖近源异地风暴沉积三种类型。依据风暴岩在潮坪环境中形成和保存条件,提出潮坪环境中的潮坪风暴沉积的探索性模式。     

涠西南凹陷11-7区块流沙港组沉积体系构成及演化特征

基于岩心、测井、录井和化验分析资料对研究区流沙港组储层的沉积体系进行了分析。研究结果表明,流三段岩性发育
砂砾岩、含砾砂岩,分选、磨圆较差,同时,氧化色的泥岩发育显示滨浅湖的环境,沉积构造和粒度资料均显示发育碎屑流沉积,反
映出近源快速堆积的扇三角洲沉积特征;流二段发育厚层泥岩,为半深湖-深湖环境;流一段以辫状河三角洲沉积为主体,岩性粒
度较流三段稍偏细,前缘水下分流河道水动力较强,发育板状交错层理、槽状交错层理和平行层理以及波状层理等牵引流沉积构
造,同时前缘地带沉积物中发育丰富的重力流、浊流沉积物。流沙港组的湖盆沉积体系经历了一个扩张、鼎盛到萎缩的过程。流
三段沉积期为湖盆早期的扩张时期,流二段的巨厚层状的泥岩沉积时期为湖盆扩张的鼎盛时期,随后湖盆又开始逐渐萎缩进入流
一段沉积时期,在此过程中,沉积体系主体从扇三角洲演变至半深湖、深湖和辫状河三角洲。      

洛阳龙门地区寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积类型及遗迹化石特征

洛阳龙门地区出露连续的寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩,层内发育大量的风暴沉积构造,是研究碳酸盐岩风暴沉积的良好剖面。研究区发育了6种典型的风暴相关沉积构造,根据风暴岩的沉积序列,识别出5种风暴沉积岩;研究了该区风暴沉积中遗迹化石,依据遗迹化石的分布特征以及镜下特征,划分出了3个风暴沉积序列层段,识别出6个遗迹属,建立了研究区遗迹化石的风暴沉积分布模式图,得出了研究区沉积环境演化规律。      

山阳地区青石垭组风暴岩及其形成的构造背景

青石垭组风暴岩沉积序列与R.D.Kreisa等建立的理想沉积序列很相似,由下到上出现侵蚀突变的底面、贝壳滞积层和粒序层、纹理层(包括平行纹理、沙纹交错层理、浪成上叠沙纹层理、丘状交错层理及包卷层理等)和板岩层,并可分为近源和远源两种风暴岩,其中以后者为主。青石垭组风暴岩形成于扬子板块北侧相对稳定的古被动大陆边缘之上。     

湖北崇阳二叠纪—三叠纪之交生物灭绝和沉积微相演化

二叠纪—三叠纪之交,湖北崇阳地区处于浅水碳酸盐岩台地环境。二叠纪末的全球事件在该剖面的沉积微相和生物演
化上均留下了清楚的记录。二叠纪末生物大灭绝之前,崇阳地区为典型的正常浅海台地环境,生物种类多样,数量丰富,主要生物
化石有钙藻、有孔虫、腕足、棘皮类和海绵等。生物大灭绝之后,钙藻、类、棘皮类、海绵、绝大部分有孔虫开始消失,取而代之的
是个体微小的腹足、介形虫和大量的蓝细菌化石。大灭绝界线之上,首先出现的是25cm厚的纹层状的微生物岩,含较丰富的种
类单调的有孔虫化石。之后逐渐相变为花斑状微生物岩和穹隆状微生物岩,厚度分别为6.4,2.3m。不同类型微生物岩在结构构
造和生物组成上存在差别。微生物岩沉积结束之后,则相变为浅滩相鲕粒灰岩。共划分出3种沉积相,即开阔台地相、潮坪相和
浅滩相。崇阳剖面的生物灭绝和沉积微相变化是二叠纪—三叠纪之交浅水台地环境生物与环境过程的典型代表,为认识二叠纪
末浅海沉积相演化和全球事件提供了新材料。      

广西象州早泥盆世晚期海平面变化与生物点礁的迁移

根据对广西象州大乐泥盆系剖面沉积序列特征的分析,将该剖面大乐组划分为2个三级层序(SQ1、SQ2),并分别将其
与区域上的典型剖面进行了对比,特别与黔南独山同期地层进行了对比。结果表明,这一时期的海平面变化对区域上的沉积序列
具有明显的控制作用,而SQ2高位体系域所沉积的生物礁序列为海退背景下的进积序列,这一研究成果为油气地质调查中生物礁
储层的预测提供了理论依据。      

浅海陆架沉积特征研究综述

浅海陆架一直是我国海上油气资源勘探的重点。对浅海陆架的分类、国内外陆架沉积的研究历史及现状进行了回顾总结,
讨论了水动力条件、沉积补给机制和相对海平面变化对陆架沉积的控制作用,并据可容纳空间与沉积物补给的比率将浅海陆架划分
为补给主导的陆架沉积体系和可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系。补给主导的陆架沉积体系以高的沉积补给速率和海退为特征,高位
期陆源河流沉积物的大量卸载是陆架补给的主要模式;可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系以相对海平面上升和沉积物高速逸散为特
征,陆源沉积物供给有限,原地沉积物受潮流、风暴等水动力的再改造,从而成为有效的陆架沉积补给源。综合应用多种技术手段,从
全球海平面变化、沉积物补给和水动力条件等对沉积体系的控制作用出发进行精细的陆架沉积特征研究应是未来研究的主要方向。      

准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

近年来,准噶尔盆地南缘勘探实践表明,部分油气来源于白垩系烃源岩,勘探前景广阔。系统分析了白垩系烃源岩分布
特征、生烃潜力及沉积环境。研究结果表明,准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩分布范围广、厚度大,最大厚度达500m,但烃
源岩非均质性强,成烃贡献区域主要集中在山前断裂带东西两侧,自西部四棵树凹陷部分区域,至沙湾凹陷东部。准噶尔盆地腹
部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩生烃潜力变化较大,非均值性强,在四棵树凹陷与沙湾凹陷均有优质层段出现,w(TOC)在1.0%以上,
(S1+S2)在2mg/g以上,烃源岩较好,有机质类型为Ⅱ2 型,部分为Ⅲ型,生烃组分为孢子体、角质体及部分壳屑体。四棵树凹陷
与沙湾凹陷白垩系烃源岩的地球化学特征比较接近,白垩纪沉积时期,研究区气候干燥,沉积中心在沙湾凹陷南缘区域,主要发育
滨浅湖相沉积,局部地区(如沙湾凹陷)发育半深湖相沉积,烃源岩主要形成于以藻类或其他低等水生生物与陆源高等植物输入为
主的弱还原-还原沉积环境。      

碳酸盐岩缓坡向镶边台地的转化:以黔东麻江地区下寒武统清虚洞组为例

黔东麻江地区位于上扬子台地东南缘,下寒武统(相当于2008年国际地层年表中的寒武纪第二统)清虚洞组发育浅海
碳酸盐岩沉积。露头观察、微相分析和地球化学数据综合得出,麻江地区清虚洞组可划分为浅海陆棚、潮下带、浅滩、潮间带4种
沉积环境。由下向上,构成了5个向上变浅的旋回(C1-C5)。C1-C3旋回为浅海陆棚-潮下带-潮间带序列,以细晶白云岩为主,
局部见鲕粒或灰泥的交代残余;C4-C5旋回为台缘浅滩-潮间带序列,浅滩特征明显。麻江地区沉积环境的纵向演化和邻区沉积
环境的对比表明,湘西黔东地区清虚洞组经历了碳酸盐岩缓坡向镶边台地的过渡转化。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

Estimation of Age,Growth and Maturation of Purpleback Flying Squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in Bashi Channel,Central Pacific Ocean

The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

贺兰山小松山基性-超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征

贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）×10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

Recruitment of postlarval prawns,Penaeus Orientalis,to a tidal estuary of Jiaozhou Bay,China

PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas. The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles. Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…