唐山7.8级地震前后地下水位应力场的动态图象

研究分析了井水位变化与含水层应力应变之间的定量关系,给出了利用承压井水位变化反演含水层应力变化的新方法。利用唐山地震前后井水位变化资料,反演了地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化,形成了时间与空间的演化图象,分析了唐山地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化特征。     

用水准测量资料反演1990年青海共和地震的震源机制

利用地面垂直形变测量资料研究了1990年4月26日青海共和Ms6.9地震的震源机制。通过反演得出这次地震是由逆冲倾滑为主的断层错动引起的。该断层走向102°,倾向SW,倾角46°,长40km,宽9km,断层上部边界至地面的垂直距离3km,下部边界至地面的垂直距离10km。逆冲倾滑错距79cm,伴以错距5cm的左旋走向滑动。这是一次低应力降(3.8MPa)的板内地震,应变降为5.7×10~(-5),地震矩9.8×10~(18)N°m,能量释放5.0×10~(14)J。由反演得到的共和地震的震源机制与等震线的形态、余震的空间分布以及共和盆地断层交汇的特征总体上是一致的。     

利用InSAR数据约束反演2017年Mw6.3精河地震同震破裂模型

利用Sentinel-1降轨卫星数据，研究2017-08-09新疆精河M_W6.3地震的同震形变与断层滑动破裂。考虑轨道和大气误差的影响，基于模型改正后的精细同震干涉图显示，视线向最大地表位移约为7 cm，未发现有地表破裂。此外，基于弹性半空间位错模型，采用两步法策略分别反演地震的均匀断层几何参数和同震滑动分布，结果显示，精河地震发震断层以逆冲运动为主，主破裂区位于8~17 km深度，最大滑移量为0.6 m，表明该地震是一次由逆冲型隐伏断层产生的单次破裂事件。InSAR结果给出的地震释放矩能量为2.91×10¹⁸ Nm，相当于矩震级M_W6.25，与USGS、CENC等机构给出的震级一致。     

2015年西藏定日MW5.7地震震源参数估计和静态应力触发研究

采用InSAR形变监测资料计算2015年西藏定日M_W5.7地震同震形变场,反演发震断层几何参数和滑动分布。在此基础上,研究尼泊尔M_W7.8主震对定日地震的静态库仑应力触发影响。综合分析地震滑动机制和构造特征,认为定日断层为西倾隐伏断层。反演结果表明,地震破裂相对集中,主要深度在6~9 km,破裂以正断滑动为主。发震断层走向约178°,倾角约 48°,破裂区长约5 km,宽约5 km,最大滑动量约0.2 m,释放的地震矩约3.7×10¹⁷ N·m,对应矩震级M_W5.6。尼泊尔主震同震库仑应力在定日地震震源处约为0.2 bar,造成藏南申扎-定结拉张地堑应变加载。     

GPS约束下的2022年台湾MW6.9地震破裂滑动分布

利用9个GPS站水平和垂直向形变数据反演2022年台湾M_W6.9地震破裂滑动分布。结果表明,此次地震破裂至地表,滑移以走滑为主兼逆冲分量,主要沿NNE向延伸,有2个破裂集中区,共释放地震矩约5.73×10¹⁹ Nm。基于GPS观测和位错理论模型对此次地震的地表形变进行分析,认为同震形变整体上符合台湾岛东海岸区域构造运动特征,菲律宾海板块俯冲欧亚板块是中央山脉断裂活动的主要动力来源。     

2016年杂多MS6.2地震的InSAR形变及断层滑动模型

利用欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星的升轨观测，基于InSAR技术获取2016-10-17青海杂多地区MS6.2地震的同震形变场，并分别采用最速降法和三角元法反演地震的位错分布模型。结果表明，本次地震发生在杂多上拉秀断裂带，走向北东东，地震破裂以正断倾滑为主，兼具少许左旋走滑运动分量，最大滑移量0.17 m，震源深度为9 km，平均滑动角约为-76°，最大形变中心位于32.85°N、94.86°E附近，地震位错主要分布在深度8~12 km,与余震的深度分布较为一致，反演给出的矩震级为MW5.9，与USGS和CENC测定的矩震级和面波震级基本一致。     

2015年塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的InSAR观测及其构造意义

利用欧空局提供的Sentinel-1A卫星差分干涉数据为约束，对2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的震源机制进行反演。首先运用两轨法对卫星雷达影像进行差分干涉处理，获取覆盖塔吉克斯坦地震震区的同震形变场，然后运用分布式滑动模型反演获取较精细的断层滑动分布。结果显示，分布式滑动模型与观测结果有很高的拟合度。反演结果表明，发震断层以左旋走滑运动为主，此次地震断层的最大滑移量为4.42 m，同震的地震矩为73.71×1018 Nm，矩震级为MW7.19，与震后USGS、GCMT、IPGP等机构给出的震源机制解结果一致，是在具有左旋走滑运动特征的显著构造背景下的一次正常、必然的破裂事件。     

1923年仁达地震与1973年炉霍地震的破裂模型及触发关系研究

采用1923年仁达MS7.3地震和1973年炉霍MS7.4地震地质考察的同震破裂数据,基于弹性半空间位错模型和最小二乘方法反演历史地震破裂模型。以仁达地震的同震滑动分布为扰动源,采用PSGRN/PSCMP程序计算其在断层面上产生的同震和震后库仑应力变化。结果表明,仁达地震最大滑动量约为3.3 m,矩震级为MW7.0;炉霍地震最大滑动量约为3.7 m,矩震级为MW7.3。2次地震的最大滑动量均位于浅部0~5 km,且震源机制相似,以左旋走滑为主。仁达地震同震及震后效应引起炉霍地震震中区域的库仑应力增强约29.79 kPa,达到地震触发阈值10 kPa。     

耿达短水准异常与汶川8.0级地震

结合龙门山断裂带其他跨断层资料，对耿达短水准在汶川8.0级地震前后的观测资料进行了重新分析，发现耿达短水准在汶川地震前后的异常为当地居民修建生活小区所致，不应视为地震前兆异常。     

唐山

研究分析了井水位变化与含水层应力应变之间的定量关系,给出了利用承压井水位变化反演含水层应力变化的新方法。利用唐山地震前后井水位变化资料,反演了地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化,形成了时间与空间的演化图象,分析了唐山地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化特征。     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Carbon storage and sequestration of national key ecological restoration programs in China: An introduction to special issue

<正>Although a crucial objective of ecosystem management should be the avoidance of degradation at the beginning,an unfortunate truth is that ecosystems have been substantially exploited,degraded and destroyed in the last century as a result of the global increase in economic and societal prosperity(Suding,2011).More than 60%of ecosystems have been converted for human use or degraded through unsustainable harvest,pollution,     

Guide for contributors

正The journal of Global Geology(English Edition)is sponsored by the International Center of Geoscience Research and Education in Northeast Asia,Jilin University of China(ISSN 1673-9736,CN22-1371/P).The former name of the journal was the Journal of International Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia.It was launched in 1998 and served the scientists and teachers in     

Journal O f Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)Article Index to Vol.13, 2014

<正>~~     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press     

Snow water content estimation from measured snow temperature

The vertical temperature profiles of snow and sea ice have been measured in the Arctic during the 2nd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2003(CHINARE2003).The high-resolution temperature profile in snow is solved by one-dimensional heat transfer equation.The effective heat diffusivity,internal heat sources are identified.The internal heat source refers to the penetrated solar radiation which usually warms the lower part of the snow layer in summer.By temperature gradient analysis,the zero level can be clarified quantitatively as the boundary of the dry and wet snow.According to the in situ time series of vertical temperature profile,the time series of water content in snow is obtained based on an evaluation method of snow water content associated with the snow and ice physical parameters.The relationship of snow water content and snow temperature and temporal-spatial distribution of snow water content are presented     

REPORT ON PONTONIINE SHRIMPS（CRUSTACEA：DECAPODA）COLLECTED BY JOINT CHINESE—GERMAN MARINE BIOLOGY EXPEDITIONS TO HAINAN ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA i.ANCHISTUS,CONCHODYTES,CORALLIOCARIS

The present paper reports 7 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan Island,South China Sea,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which,Conchodytes nipponensis(De Haan,1844)and Coralliocaris brevirostris Borradaile,1898 are new records from Chinese waters.