莺歌海盆地黄流组轴向重力流水道充填演化特征

基于钻井、粒度分析化验、岩心及三维地震等资料,采用沉积学、地震层序分析等方法,分析莺歌海盆地黄流组轴向重力流水道的充填演化特征。结果表明:研究区重力流水道由东、西两支水道组成,西支水道沿斜坡近轴向发育,东支水道近垂直斜坡发育;水道充填演化可分为低位期、海侵期和高位期,井区(交汇区)砂岩物源主要由东支水道供应,砂岩粒度较粗,粒度概率累积曲线呈两段式,以悬浮次总体为主;水道砂垂向上具有正粒序充填、内部5个次一级正粒序发育的特征。该结果对轴向重力流水道钻井部署具有指导意义。     

南海北部莺-琼盆地典型重力流沉积特征与物源体系

简述了莺-琼盆地横向沉积分布、纵向沉积序列、动态沉积过程,以及浅海重力流的沉积特征与形成机制。南海北部莺歌海盆地黄流组发育了浅海背景下的大型重力流沉积,琼东南盆地发育了半深海沉积环境下的陵水组、三亚组、梅山组海底扇。其中浅海重力流沉积的主要特征体现在:①沉积规模大小不等,且展布形态存在较大差异; ②海平面变化造成沉积特征的复杂性和多变性; ③浅海重力流沉积通常不具备扇体亚相分异; ④浅海重力流的水道沉积砂体迁移快、堆积厚,表现为水道富集且多期次叠加。莺-琼盆地物源演化与对比揭示了源-汇过程及不同物源输入的动态时空变化,主控因素包括物源供给、相对海平面变化、差异沉降、古地貌(古坡折及坡度)等。      

莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡南段梅山组大型海底扇沉积特征及控制因素

根据岩石矿物、粒度分析化验、成像测井及三维地震资料,采用地质分析和地球物理结合的方法,分析莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡南段梅山组海底扇的沉积特征和控制因素。结果表明:研究区海底扇具有垂向上正粒序充填、内部3个次一级正粒序发育的特征,地震上表现为强振幅、明显的水道化、内部多期叠置的特征,海底扇主要以发育主水道、分支水道等沉积微相为主;海底扇沉积体系的发育受区域海平面下降、海南岛方向充足的物源、下切谷、断裂坡折、适宜的古地貌五大因素的耦合控制。该结果为莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡南段梅山组海底扇沉积体系勘探开发提供依据。     

莺歌海盆地中新世沉积体系演化特征及勘探意义

中新世地层是莺歌海盆地近年天然气勘探主要层系,其沉积体系的演化特征对盆地勘探具有重要意义. 但由于中新世地层埋藏深,钻井少,周缘供源水系复杂,地震资料响应特征较差,导致该层系的沉积类型、成因机 制和时空演化等方面缺少精细研究,这制约了该层系油气勘探的突破.通过岩心、钻井和地震资料的综合解释, 深入分析了中新世物源体系、沉积类型、沉积体系特点及时空演化规律,继而探讨了不同沉积类型对岩性圈闭的 控制作用.研究表明,中新世主要发育海底扇及轴向重力流水道２类沉积体系.海底扇沉积体系受盆地西部越 南昆嵩?起蓝江、宋河等物源水系控制,在二级坡折带进一步控制下主要发育于盆地中央凹陷带;轴向重力流水 道主要受海南?起北部的昌化江及中部的古莺歌海水系控制,在古地形及洋流作用等进一步控制下,早中新世以 水道化型海底扇为主,晚中新世则以峡谷型水道为主.这２类沉积体系在盆地不同λ置表现形式不同,对油气的 勘探意义也存在较大差异.海底扇发育于盆地沉降中心λ置,规模较大,紧临底辟带,易形成规模较大的天然气 气藏,而轴向重力流水道多发育于莺东斜坡带λ置,规模较小,多以小型气藏为主.      

莺歌海盆地中央坳陷中新世海底扇识别及其形成控制因素

根据岩石矿物学特征、粒度分析、沉积构造及三维地震等资料,分析中新世莺歌海盆地中央坳陷海底扇的沉积特征及控制因素。结果表明:中新世中央坳陷海底扇主要发育水道砂、水道间、天然堤和浅海滩坝等微相,具有非典型鲍玛序列AB段;海底扇由内部分支水道频繁迁移摆动形成的多个朵叶体组成;与东方区海底扇相比,乐东区海底扇具有物源供应更充足、规模更大的优势。中新世中央坳陷海底扇沉积体系的发育主要受海平面升降、物源及古地貌的控制,可以作为该区下一步勘探的重点。     

牵引流化重力流沉积过程与堆积机制:以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷为例

以具备牵引流特色的重力流沉积体为载体的高效储集体,是陆相湖盆沉积学研究与勘探突破的重要领域.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段发育的大规模多期次陆相重力流具有其沉积特征的独特性(面积约940km2,纵向分布厚度约1.1km).依据水动力条件及沉积过程机制,存在层级递进继承型、渐进过渡型、兼并融合型3种牵引流与重力流动力学过程,细分为泥质碎屑流、砂质碎屑流、过渡型同生流、(高密度-低密度悬浮)似涌浪浊流、(高密度-低密度)准稳态浊流5种机制类型,并依据其发育背景识别出了滨海地区中央隆起带上以重力流水道为主导特征的水道型重力流沉积体系和受次洼地貌控制的面流型重力流.本研究细化了沉积动力学过程-堆积机制-沉积相-岩相一体化的关联性,确定了牵引流化重力流发育的关键控制因素.作为极具潜力的优质储层目标,陆相牵引流化重力流沉积体的研究成果在丰富理论体系的同时,对油气勘探新领域的拓展与突破具重要意义,具备生产实践价值,对于其他陆相湖盆油气勘探具有重要的借鉴作用.     

古地貌恢复及其对重力流沉积砂体的控制作用: 以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长73亚段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7₃亚段沉积体系和砂体成因类型及展布特征受湖盆底部形态控制明显,不同地区砂体类型、成因及空间展布各异。根据岩心、钻井、测井等资料运用印模法与沉积学方法精确地恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7₃亚段的古地貌,并对微古地貌单元进行精细刻画,在此基础上分析了古地貌对盆地延长组长7₃亚段沉积体系和砂体成因类型及展布特征的控制作用。研究表明:长7₃期古地貌整体呈东缓西陡的不对称坳陷形态,明确了研究区发育高地、坡折带、湖底深洼（凹）、湖底平原、湖底古隆、湖底古脊和古沟道7个微古地貌单元。研究区延长组长7₃亚段重力流沉积体系受古地貌控制较明显,从湖盆边缘至湖盆中心依次发育三角洲前缘沉积、沟道型重力流沉积、半深湖-深湖沉积,从坡折带至湖盆中央,重力流沉积类型逐渐从砂质碎屑流沉积转换为浊流沉积。古地貌形态控制着研究区延长组长7₃亚段重力流砂体的整体展布,而高地、坡折带及古沟道等微古地貌单元则进一步控制重力流砂体的物源方向、成因类型、运输方向、横向连通性及展布形态等。      

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷 Ｃ洼湖底扇沉积特征及控制因素分析

基于岩心、测井和三维地震资料分析，对北部湾盆地涠西 南 凹 陷 Ｃ洼湖底扇沉积特征及其控制因素进行了系统的分析，建立了研究区湖底扇发育模式。研究区重力流沉积类型主要有滑塌、砂 质 碎 屑 流、浊 流３种 沉 积类型，受涠西南低凸起物源、外界触发机制以及古地貌的共同影响，多期重力流在研究区湖盆形成湖底扇。近 源区湖底扇沉积以滑塌和厚层砂质碎屑流为主。湖底扇中部主要充填大套砂质碎屑流成因的厚层砂岩。随着流体运移和稀释，砂质碎屑流逐渐转变成远端浊流。在湖底扇末端主要沉积正粒序浊积岩和湖相泥岩。在 高 精 度 层序地层格架的约束下，研究区流沙港组一段下亚段湖底扇砂体可划分为５个期次，即 Ｕ１～Ｕ５。受５号 断层 带 差异性活动影响，５期砂体垂向叠置，平面上不断迁移摆动。早期北部分支断层活动较强，砂体主要沉积在分支断层下降盘；后期随着南部主干断层活动性增强以及北部分支断层活动性降低，砂体厚度中心逐渐向南迁移。      

尼日尔三角洲盆地某油田深水海底扇沉积特征

深水海底扇是深水油气勘探的重要目标,尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区海底扇具备良好的油气成藏条件,深入分析其沉积体系是预测有利储集体发育区带的关键。根据岩心观察、测井解释及地震资料等,对研究区深水海底扇的沉积特征进行了研究。结果表明:重力流沉积是研究区深水海底扇主要沉积物类型,但牵引流沉积也大量存在;研究区主要发育水道和朵叶体2种亚相,空间上可分为限制、半限制及非限制3个沉积区域;高弯度的曲流水道是深水海底扇半限制沉积区域的重要特征,水道的弯度指数分布在1.16~2.85之间,其与水道宽度呈正相关关系;水道向非限制沉积区逐渐演变为席状展布、多层叠置的复杂朵叶体沉积。综合分析表明水道和朵叶体均是有利储层发育的重要位置,古地貌是控制海底扇展布的重要因素。      

西非被动大陆边缘盆地深水沉积体系特征

深水沉积砂岩储层是近年来全球油气勘探重点领域之一,对于深水沉积模式认识、沉积类型划分、储层分布规律及宏观演化规律能否实现系统深入的认知也成为制约全球油气勘探获得更多突破的关键问题之一。以典型深水沉积广泛发育的西非被动大陆边缘尼日尔三角洲盆地和刚果扇盆地为研究区,以地震资料为主,钻井资料为辅,开展针对性的深水沉积体系层序界面识别,明确研究区层序及体系域划分方案,建立深水沉积层序地层格架;综合2个研究区的深水沉积特征,探索建立了一套西非地区的深水沉积类型的划分方案,将其划分为陆坡峡谷、块体流、水道体、朵叶体、半深海泥5种亚相;将块体流细化为滑移体和滑塌碎屑流2种微相,将水道体进一步划分为高侵蚀充填型水道、低侵蚀过路加积型水道、过路高弯度水道、废弃水道、堤岸-漫溢5种微相,将朵叶体细分为末端朵叶和决口扇朵叶2种微相;同时系统总结解剖了各微相的岩性组合、地震反射及平面发育特征;深入分析了研究区深水沉积体系的宏观演化特征及展布规律,认识到尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系中水道体和朵叶体均有发育,自下向上,随着相对海平面先下降再上升的过程,早期主要发育朵叶体沉积,晚期则转变为以发育大型浊积水道为主。刚果扇盆地深水沉积则主要为水道体沉积,朵叶体较少发育, 早期水道规模小,中期开始发育多支复合水道并呈退积趋势,水道发育程度逐渐降低,至晚期水道能量及侵蚀能力复又转强,甚至形成较大的陆坡峡谷及多支水道体。      

四川盆地珍珠冲组植物群特点及侏罗系与三叠系界线的厘定

归纳总结了四川盆地珍珠冲组植物化石7类50属128种,须家河组植物化石10类71属267种,并将珍珠冲组植物群划分为上、下两个组合.通过分析两组植物群的发育特点及演化规律,结合区域有关资料,对侏罗系与三叠系界线进行了厘定.在四川盆地北部大巴山前缘地区,依据珍珠冲组(白田坝组)的岩性特征和所含植物化石特征,将侏罗系与三叠系的界线置于含Coniopteris植物化石的珍珠冲组(白田坝组)底部石英质砾岩或石英砂岩之下的假整合面或剥蚀面上;在四川盆地东北部的云阳、奉节及长江以南万县地区,侏罗系与三叠系的界线划在云阳南溪剖面上含Coniopteris murrayana植物化石8.3 m之下的珍珠冲组黄绿色泥质粉砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩地层之底.     

Numerical study of the seasonal salinity budget of the upper ocean in the Bay of Bengal in 2014

Impact factors on the salinity budget,especially the eddy salt fluxes and smaller-scale diffusive salt fluxes for the upper 50 m of the Bay of Bengal(BoB) in 2014 are investigated using a box model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS) daily outputs.The model results reproduce that the precipitation and river runoffs are the dominant factors modulating the sharp salinity decrease during the summer monsoon season.The analysis shows that the salinity increase after the summer monsoon is mostly due to the meridional advective and diffusive salt fluxes.The vertical advective salt flux,which is sensitive to the different signals of the wind stress curl,plays an important role in balancing the salinity change induced by the meridional advective salt flux during both the summer and winter monsoon seasons.Distinctive spatial mesosc ale structures are presented in the eddy salt flux throughout the year,and their contributions are sizeable(over 30% in the meridional direction and about 10%-30% in the vertical direction).The meridional eddy salt flux is larger in the monsoon seasons than that in the inter-monsoon seasons,and in a positive pattern near the western boundary during the winter monsoon and autumn inter-monsoon.The vertical eddy salt flux makes an important contribution to the salinity budget,especially along the coastal area and around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.The vertical eddy salt flux becomes large when a tropical cyclone passes the area.     

分形异常筛选法在桐柏山-大别山地区钼矿调查中的应用

应用分形法对桐柏山-大别山地区进行了钼元素地球化学异常筛选与靶区预测,以期实现该地区的找矿新突破。研究
最终在桐柏-大别地区圈定出25个有利钼异常区及5个靶区,分别是枣扒靶区、吴山靶区、墨斗关靶区、两路口靶区、烈马咀靶
区。其中,重点对两路口靶区进行了勘查工作,并且在该地区新发现了小型钨矿体。综合说明,分形法对桐柏山-大别山地区的
异常筛选工作优于传统方法,本次研究的成果对桐柏山-大别山地区寻找钼、钨矿床具有较强的指导意义。      

Changes in the network of tourist trails in the border zones of the Czech Republic after entering the Schengen area

Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it was decided to look at changes in the offer of tourist trails(hiking and cycling) along the entire border of the Czech Republic after the extension of the Schengen area(within this area, crossing the border is possible anywhere, and not only at official border crossings). It should be emphasized here that the borders of the Czech Republic over most of their length run through mountainous areas and, apart from political factors, natural features should have a major impact on the development of tourist routes. In order to determine the coherence of the current network of trails on both sides of the Czech Republic state border, modern tourist maps have been analyzed, determining the number of places where it is possible to cross the state border with the help of a marked tourist trail. Based on that, two indicators were introduced to determine the degree of openness with all neighboring countries as regards the opportunity to cross on a tourist trail. Changes in the historical situation, a comparison of the accessibility of the border area before entering the Schengen area and 2019, were analyzed for two study areas using archival maps. Over a decade after the extension of the Schengen area, the number of places where tourist trails of neighboring countries approach the border has clearly increased. Crossing is more often made possible using hiking trails than cycling routes(trails of the first type cross the border every 7.91 km, while the latter every 13.3 km), but considering the speed of movement, it can be assessed that the openness for cyclists is higher than for hikers. Moreover, in many places there is still significant potential for further integration of tourist trail networks as trails created in one country often do not have a continuation on the other side of the border.     

Characteristics of the transition Layer in the South China Sea in 1998

CTD data on standard levels coolected during July and December in 1998 and the cubic spline interpolating method were used to study the characteristics of the transition layer temperature and salinity.The thermocline undergoes remarkable seasonal variation in the South China Sea (SCS),and especially in the region of the north shelf where the thermocline disappears in december.The thermocline is stronger and thicker in July than in December,There is no obvious seasonal variation in the halocline.Due to the upper Ekman transport caused by monsoon over the SCS,the thermocline slopes upward in July and downward in december from east to west in the northern SCS.The characteristics of the thermocline and halocline are influenced by local eddies in the SCS.The Zhujiang diluted flow influences significantly the SCS shelf‘s halocline.     

严格执法监督 大力推进国土资源管理依法行政

介绍了泰州市在推进国土资源管理走上法制化轨道的过程中采取的一系列措施.从健全规章制度,规范执法行为,实行责任追究制度,制约行政权力到严格考核奖惩,确保各项措施落到实处,便民服务,公开接受社会监督等,取得了明显的成效.     

Assessment of Habitat Suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River in China

Habitat richness influences and even determines biological diversity. Plant habitat suitability assessment can provide technical guidance and information support for ecological restoration. Thirteen factors in three categories of terrain, meteorology and soil were chosen to build a habitat suitability assessment index framework in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, based on the local natural environment and the actual influencing factors of vegetative growth. Combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method, which were used to calculate weights of indexes, habitat suitability was studied by using a multi-objective linear weighting model and geographic information systems(GIS) spatial analysis techniques. The assessment results are as follows: Altitude, soil stability, aspect and slope have more important effects on plant habitat suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, and their weights are 0.311, 0.260, 0.198 and 0.125, respectively. Suitable and sub-suitable habitats cover 4431.80 km2 and 6171.12 km2, respectively; most of which are distributed along both sides of rivers and have higher suitability. Unsuitable habitats cover the largest area(6679.76 km2), accounting for 29.83% of the whole area; and the worst unsuitable habitats are 5107.23 km2(22.81%); they account for more than half of the studyarea. These results indicate that the plant habitat in the Upper Reaches of the Min River is poor and ecological restoration is both urgent and difficult. Therefore, based on the principle of taking measures suitable to the habitat in ecological restoration projects, ecological and engineering measures should be combined to have better effects, while increasing the strength of ecological protection.     

鱼虾混养池中蓝藻群落结构及其微囊藻毒素含量变化

对广东省中山市三角镇的低盐度鱼虾混养池进行连续采样分析,结果表明,混养池中的蓝藻主要有螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.),鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.),颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)等,其中盐泽螺旋藻的优势度为0.52~0.73。蓝藻是水体中的优势微藻种群,蓝藻细胞数量占微藻细胞数量的88%~99%,蓝藻细胞数为0.99×10~9~5.89×l0~9 cell/L。混养池微藻多样性指数(H’)为1.16~2.49,养殖水体处于中度污染状态。溶解性无机氮的质量浓度为0.13~2.30 mg/L,正磷酸盐质量浓度为0.25~2.39 mg/L,化学需氧量的质量浓度为1.94~13.79 mg/L。微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在水中质量浓度为0.18~0.79μg/L。蓝藻细胞数量与化学需氧量之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明蓝藻的生长情况与养殖池中的有机污染程度有密切联系,低盐度的富营养化的水体能促进蓝藻的生长,成为微藻群落中的优势种群。MC-LR的质量浓度与蓝藻细胞数量之间无显著相关。     

Contrast between the climatic states of the warm pool in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Ocean

Based on the analysis of Levitus data, the climatic states of the warm pool in the Indian Ocean (WPIO) and in the Pacific Ocean (WPPO) are studied. it is found that WPIO has a relatively smaller area, a shallower bottom and a slightly lower seawater temperature than those of WPPO. The horizontal area at different depths, volumes, central positions, and bottom depths of both WPIO and WPPO show quite apparent signals of seasonal variation. The maximum amplitude of WPIO surface area’s seasonal variation is 58% larger over the annual mean value. WPIO’s maximum volume variation amplitude is 66% larger over the annual mean value. The maximum variation amplitudes of the surface area and volume of WPPO are 20.9% and 20.6% larger over the annual mean value respectively. WPIO and WPPO show different temporal and spatial characteristics mainly due to the different wind fields and restriction of ocean basin geometry. For instance, seasonal northern displacement of WPIO is, to some extent, constrained by the basin of the Indian Ocean, while WPPO moves relatively freely in the longitudinal direction. The influence of WPIO and WPPO over the atmospheric motion must be quite different.