大别山北麓黄土-古土壤地球化学元素特征及富集因子法物源研究

为了解大别山北麓自中更新世以来黄土-古土壤的沉积环境及物质来源,对其地球化学元素进行了测定。结果表明,
研究区沉积物的地球化学元素组成具有富硅、铝、铁,贫钙,低钠、镁、钾、钡、锶的特点。通过对气候特征元素变化的进一步分析,
表明大别山北麓自中更新世以来是以温湿为主且从老至新气候由温湿向干冷趋势发展,与洛川黄土相比,大别山黄土经历了更强
烈的化学风化作用。选择化学性质稳定的Ti、Sc、Th、Nb作为参比元素,运用富集因子法进行地球化学元素研究进而判别物质来
源,结果表明,大别山北麓黄土-古土壤与洛川黄土同源,均来自西北的风尘堆积。      

庞西垌地区Ag-Au矿化信息识别与提取

庞西垌地区位于钦杭成矿带南缘,该区复杂的地质演化历史导致了成矿地质背景的复杂性、成矿作用的多期性和多样
性。分别应用地质统计学和因子多重分形(ρ-A )、因子多重滤波(S-A )对1∶50000化探数据中Ag、Au含量数据进行了分析,获取
了不同层次的矿致异常信息。结果表明:①泛克立格法获取的区域Ag、Au异常表明该区银金含量变化主要受庞西垌断裂、古城
-沙铲断裂控制,这与多重滤波分形方法中的低通滤波获取的异常具有相似特征;②Ag含量的变化比Au有更好的连续性,Ag含
量的变化表现出较强的结构性特征,而金含量的变化则表现出更强的区域特征;③因子多重分形(ρ-A )等值线图与该区的岩体分
布有着良好的对应关系;④S-A 模型能够提取不同层次的致矿异常信息,包括区域异常和局部异常,局部异常往往与矿化关系密
切。通过F3 主因子局部异常与泛克立格法识别的Ag、Au异常信息的融合,能增强与Ag、Au矿有关的地球化学异常信息,为研
究区寻找该类矿床提供了科学根据。      

格陵兰西南费斯肯纳色特地区铜-镍-PGE矿勘查进展

费斯肯纳色特地区位于格陵兰西南沿海地带,主要地层为太古宙变质片麻岩,辉长-斜长基性岩体呈岩枝状侵入,其来
源可能为遭受地壳混染的亏损地幔。该地区以产红宝石知名,Cu-Ni-PGE矿化是在红宝石的勘探过程中在基性-超基性岩体中
发现的。PGE(Pt+Pd)的品位多在0.5~2g/t之间,局部可达2.52~6.7g/t,具有中型以上规模的资源前景。主要矿物组合为:
黄铜矿、黄铁矿、铬铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、磁黄铁矿、辉钼矿等。该地区的阿帕鲁套克和辛纳苏克矿区具有Cu-Ni-V的地球化学异
常,并具有明显的磁异常。在寻找Cu-Ni-PGE矿床中,地球化学异常和磁法可能是有效的手段。      

陕西省洛南县莲花沟钼(铜)矿岩体地质及岩石地球化学特征

主要利用近年来在陕西洛南县莲花沟岩体中获取的一些实际资料,通过综合对比研究总结出一些与区域上其他成矿小
侵入体完全不同的成岩成矿特征。主要包括:①莲花沟岩体是一个以闪长岩为主的二长花岗斑岩—闪长岩型岩体,其成分明显是
以相对富钙、镁、铁,低硅、碱而别于同带其他类型小侵入体;②按岩石化学成分,岩体缺少w(SiO2)为55%~65%的中性岩石组
合,呈一种较典型的“双峰式”岩套,且从稀土元素分配模式看,在两种类型岩石间不存在分离结晶作用成因关系,而似乎表现为一
种分层熔融的双层岩浆房成岩模型;③所建的成矿模型,除岩体边缘接触带中的矽卡岩型铁铜矿和层控-构造蚀变岩型钼铅锌矿
系列外,岩体内部主要以隐爆角砾岩筒-斑岩型钼铜矿化为特征,这种隐爆角砾岩既不同于北边祁雨沟含金片麻岩中的爆破角砾
岩筒,也不同于南边河南镇平县秋树湾的碳酸盐岩型爆破角砾岩筒,且成矿元素组合主要是钼铜类型;④由岩石地球化学和锆石
U-Pb同位素年龄数据揭示,形成二长花岗斑岩熔浆的源岩与中元古代熊耳群的一套富钾类型变火山沉积岩系有较好的源区关
系,而闪长岩则与软流圈上涌,基性岩浆底侵及太华群源岩有较密切的关系。无疑,以上成果对丰富东秦岭地区钼多金属成矿作
用认识将提供和补充一些新的资料和实例,特别是“双峰式”岩套的存在,对东秦岭地区主要成钼时代的地球动力学背景分析也是
一个重要的证据,而且还提示在东秦岭地区有发现新类型岩体和矿床的潜在条件。      

塔里木盆地中—新生界构造单元划分

塔里木盆地作为典型的多旋回叠合盆地,中生代以来经历了印支、燕山和喜山等多期构造运动,造成中-新生界构造格
局与古生界构造格局差异较大。应用航磁、重力、钻井、测井以及地震等资料,获得了盆地中-新生界地层分布、区域构造变形特
点和含油气性特征,兼顾基底形态和后期改造作用影响,对塔里木盆地中-新生界构造单元划分为“三坳一隆一斜坡”,即北部坳
陷区、西南坳陷区、东南坳陷区、中央隆起区和东北斜坡区5个一级构造单元和11个二级构造单元。显然,该构造单元的划分对
盆地中-新生界次生油气藏和隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义。      

焉耆盆地开都河北岸潜水水化学演化规律

地下水化学演化特征研究对受人类干扰严重、生态系统脆弱的干旱地区地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以焉耆盆地开
都河北岸灌区作为研究对象,利用该地区不同时期292组潜水水化学数据,在沉积环境分区基础上研究该地区潜水水化学的时空
演化规律,探讨其原因。结果表明,研究区潜水水化学在时间和空间上存在明显的演化特征,即随着时间的推移,研究区潜水向淡
化方向演化,低矿化度的HCO3 与HCO3-SO4 型水分布范围增加;空间上,各时期潜水水化学组分从开都河上游到下游变化程度
逐渐增大。研究区水化学时空演化特征的形成与其干旱气候密不可分,但半世纪以来人类引水灌溉、农渠排水和地下水开采是导
致潜水水化学演化的主要驱动力。      

利用地电化学勘探法提取技术在青海拉陵灶火中游铜钼多金属矿区的找矿应用研究

为了研究地电化学提取技术在青海拉陵灶火中游铜钼多金属矿区的找矿应用效果,对矿区内已知剖面进行了方法有效性试验,试验表明在已知剖面上方出现的地电化学异常与已知矿体位置吻合,说明了在该地区应用地电化学提取技术进行找矿预测工作是切实可行的。同时,通过对找矿未知区进行的地电化学研究工作,最终圈定了2处地电化学异常找矿预测靶区,经过后期在预测靶区的钻探工程验证,验证了地电化学提取技术在青海拉陵灶火中游铜钼多金属矿区的找矿预测准确性,有望后期在同类特殊地球化学景观的找矿工作中提供有利的帮助。     

裂缝-孔隙模型中气水两相分形渗流实验和数学模型建立

大量的理论和实验研究证明,油气藏渗流力学中渗透率的分布、孔隙度的分布、裂缝性油气藏中裂缝网络的分布等许多
现象都具有标度不变性。对气水两相在裂缝-孔隙模型和平面径向流模型中进行了微观渗流实验,对实验结果进行了黑白二值
化处理,得到了其分形维数。在分形理论的基础上,建立了裂缝-孔隙介质中气水两相分形渗流的数学模型及差分模型。      

胶东地区脉岩成因与金成矿关系的研究:年代学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的约束

胶东半岛金矿区脉岩广泛分布,将其典型区域划分为玲珑地区、郭城地区和牟平-乳山地区三大地区,各区脉岩产状基
本相似(主要为NE、NNE和NW 向)。三大区域脉岩以镁铁质为主,但在郭城地区有少量长英质产出;其中镁铁质脉岩包括煌斑
岩类、辉绿岩和辉长岩,长英质脉岩有闪长岩和二长岩等。胶东脉岩富碱、高钾,属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性岩系列。其中,三
大区域中镁铁质脉岩化学性质基本相似,富集LREE和LILE、亏损HFSE,具有俯冲类型特征。在Sr-Nd同位素研究中,主要镁铁
质脉岩(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7058~0.7139,并具有较低的εNd(t)值(-23.92~-0.79),显示其源于富集幔源的特征。但是,玲珑
地区少量镁铁质脉岩具有较高的εNd(t)值(0.11~5.46),显示亏损地幔端元。郭城地区长英质脉岩的(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7087~
0.7132,εNd(t)= -20.8~-6.1。镁铁质脉岩Pb同位素特征为(206Pb/204Pb)_i=17.48~18.115,平均值为17.244;(207Pb/
204Pb)_i=15.078~15.641,平均值为15.473;(208Pb/204Pb)_i=34.93~38.436,平均值为37.635。郭城地区长英质脉岩Pb同位
素特征为(206Pb/204Pb)_i=16.971~17.344,平均值为17.151;(207Pb/204Pb)_i=15.401~15.484,平均值为15.454;(208Pb/
204Pb)_i=37.319~37.946,平均值为37.624。镁铁质与长英质脉岩Pb同位素比值均显示与富集地幔(EMI)Pb同位素比值相近,
揭示其源区具有共性。通过年代学研究可得,胶东脉岩主要形成时间在135~115Ma之间。结合年代学与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素约束
可得,胶东金矿区大量早白垩世镁铁质脉岩源于太平洋板块俯冲作用形成的富集岩石圈地幔,在构造复杂区域脉岩源区受到相应
的影响,如玲珑地区少量镁铁质脉岩源自亏损地幔,而郭城地区少量长英质脉岩源于壳幔混合源区或源区受地幔物质的混染。胶
东脉岩与金矿联系最紧密的是早白垩世镁铁质脉岩,它们在空间上紧密共生,在时间上属于同一时代,为相同构造背景的产物,在
源区上具有相似幔源特征,早白垩世镁铁质脉岩可能为金矿提供成矿物质来源。      

高桥地区奥陶系马家沟组马五1-2亚段岩溶作用与孔隙演化

为了解鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区奥陶系马家沟组马五1-2(Ma51-2)亚段岩溶作用与储层孔隙演化规律,采用岩心观察、铸
体薄片及扫描电镜、能谱等测试分析方法进行了研究。结果表明:研究区Ma51-2亚段碳酸盐岩经历了3期古岩溶作用:(准)同生
期岩溶、表生期岩溶和埋藏期岩溶。受加里东中、晚期—早海西期构造运动的影响,碳酸盐岩储层先后经历了准同生期成岩、表生
期成岩、浅埋藏成岩、中-深埋藏成岩阶段,相应地,孔隙演化经历了原生孔隙形成—缩减期、缝洞发育期、缝洞缩减充填期和裂
缝、埋藏溶蚀—充填期4个阶段。      

四川盆地珍珠冲组植物群特点及侏罗系与三叠系界线的厘定

归纳总结了四川盆地珍珠冲组植物化石7类50属128种,须家河组植物化石10类71属267种,并将珍珠冲组植物群划分为上、下两个组合.通过分析两组植物群的发育特点及演化规律,结合区域有关资料,对侏罗系与三叠系界线进行了厘定.在四川盆地北部大巴山前缘地区,依据珍珠冲组(白田坝组)的岩性特征和所含植物化石特征,将侏罗系与三叠系的界线置于含Coniopteris植物化石的珍珠冲组(白田坝组)底部石英质砾岩或石英砂岩之下的假整合面或剥蚀面上;在四川盆地东北部的云阳、奉节及长江以南万县地区,侏罗系与三叠系的界线划在云阳南溪剖面上含Coniopteris murrayana植物化石8.3 m之下的珍珠冲组黄绿色泥质粉砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩地层之底.     

Numerical study of the seasonal salinity budget of the upper ocean in the Bay of Bengal in 2014

Impact factors on the salinity budget,especially the eddy salt fluxes and smaller-scale diffusive salt fluxes for the upper 50 m of the Bay of Bengal(BoB) in 2014 are investigated using a box model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS) daily outputs.The model results reproduce that the precipitation and river runoffs are the dominant factors modulating the sharp salinity decrease during the summer monsoon season.The analysis shows that the salinity increase after the summer monsoon is mostly due to the meridional advective and diffusive salt fluxes.The vertical advective salt flux,which is sensitive to the different signals of the wind stress curl,plays an important role in balancing the salinity change induced by the meridional advective salt flux during both the summer and winter monsoon seasons.Distinctive spatial mesosc ale structures are presented in the eddy salt flux throughout the year,and their contributions are sizeable(over 30% in the meridional direction and about 10%-30% in the vertical direction).The meridional eddy salt flux is larger in the monsoon seasons than that in the inter-monsoon seasons,and in a positive pattern near the western boundary during the winter monsoon and autumn inter-monsoon.The vertical eddy salt flux makes an important contribution to the salinity budget,especially along the coastal area and around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.The vertical eddy salt flux becomes large when a tropical cyclone passes the area.     

Changes in the network of tourist trails in the border zones of the Czech Republic after entering the Schengen area

Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it was decided to look at changes in the offer of tourist trails(hiking and cycling) along the entire border of the Czech Republic after the extension of the Schengen area(within this area, crossing the border is possible anywhere, and not only at official border crossings). It should be emphasized here that the borders of the Czech Republic over most of their length run through mountainous areas and, apart from political factors, natural features should have a major impact on the development of tourist routes. In order to determine the coherence of the current network of trails on both sides of the Czech Republic state border, modern tourist maps have been analyzed, determining the number of places where it is possible to cross the state border with the help of a marked tourist trail. Based on that, two indicators were introduced to determine the degree of openness with all neighboring countries as regards the opportunity to cross on a tourist trail. Changes in the historical situation, a comparison of the accessibility of the border area before entering the Schengen area and 2019, were analyzed for two study areas using archival maps. Over a decade after the extension of the Schengen area, the number of places where tourist trails of neighboring countries approach the border has clearly increased. Crossing is more often made possible using hiking trails than cycling routes(trails of the first type cross the border every 7.91 km, while the latter every 13.3 km), but considering the speed of movement, it can be assessed that the openness for cyclists is higher than for hikers. Moreover, in many places there is still significant potential for further integration of tourist trail networks as trails created in one country often do not have a continuation on the other side of the border.     

Characteristics of the transition Layer in the South China Sea in 1998

CTD data on standard levels coolected during July and December in 1998 and the cubic spline interpolating method were used to study the characteristics of the transition layer temperature and salinity.The thermocline undergoes remarkable seasonal variation in the South China Sea (SCS),and especially in the region of the north shelf where the thermocline disappears in december.The thermocline is stronger and thicker in July than in December,There is no obvious seasonal variation in the halocline.Due to the upper Ekman transport caused by monsoon over the SCS,the thermocline slopes upward in July and downward in december from east to west in the northern SCS.The characteristics of the thermocline and halocline are influenced by local eddies in the SCS.The Zhujiang diluted flow influences significantly the SCS shelf‘s halocline.     

Assessment of Habitat Suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River in China

Habitat richness influences and even determines biological diversity. Plant habitat suitability assessment can provide technical guidance and information support for ecological restoration. Thirteen factors in three categories of terrain, meteorology and soil were chosen to build a habitat suitability assessment index framework in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, based on the local natural environment and the actual influencing factors of vegetative growth. Combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method, which were used to calculate weights of indexes, habitat suitability was studied by using a multi-objective linear weighting model and geographic information systems(GIS) spatial analysis techniques. The assessment results are as follows: Altitude, soil stability, aspect and slope have more important effects on plant habitat suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, and their weights are 0.311, 0.260, 0.198 and 0.125, respectively. Suitable and sub-suitable habitats cover 4431.80 km2 and 6171.12 km2, respectively; most of which are distributed along both sides of rivers and have higher suitability. Unsuitable habitats cover the largest area(6679.76 km2), accounting for 29.83% of the whole area; and the worst unsuitable habitats are 5107.23 km2(22.81%); they account for more than half of the studyarea. These results indicate that the plant habitat in the Upper Reaches of the Min River is poor and ecological restoration is both urgent and difficult. Therefore, based on the principle of taking measures suitable to the habitat in ecological restoration projects, ecological and engineering measures should be combined to have better effects, while increasing the strength of ecological protection.     

严格执法监督 大力推进国土资源管理依法行政

介绍了泰州市在推进国土资源管理走上法制化轨道的过程中采取的一系列措施.从健全规章制度,规范执法行为,实行责任追究制度,制约行政权力到严格考核奖惩,确保各项措施落到实处,便民服务,公开接受社会监督等,取得了明显的成效.     

瞬变电磁法在煤矿断层导水性勘查中的应用

煤矿断层导水是引起煤矿水害问题的主要因素之一,对煤矿断层的导水性勘查与评价是煤田水文地质研究中的重要课题,也是煤矿采区布置与安全开采必须解决的问题。在煤矿开采初期查明矿区内断层构造的空间分布及其含导水性,对指导煤矿安全生产具有重要的意义。在充分收集新安煤矿矿区地质、水文及物探资料的基础上,利用瞬变电磁技术,对区内断层等构造的含导水性进行了勘查,取得了良好的效果,为煤矿的开采设计和施工提供了参考依据,有效地预防了煤矿开采过程中安全事故的发生。     

鱼虾混养池中蓝藻群落结构及其微囊藻毒素含量变化

对广东省中山市三角镇的低盐度鱼虾混养池进行连续采样分析,结果表明,混养池中的蓝藻主要有螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.),鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.),颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)等,其中盐泽螺旋藻的优势度为0.52~0.73。蓝藻是水体中的优势微藻种群,蓝藻细胞数量占微藻细胞数量的88%~99%,蓝藻细胞数为0.99×10~9~5.89×l0~9 cell/L。混养池微藻多样性指数(H’)为1.16~2.49,养殖水体处于中度污染状态。溶解性无机氮的质量浓度为0.13~2.30 mg/L,正磷酸盐质量浓度为0.25~2.39 mg/L,化学需氧量的质量浓度为1.94~13.79 mg/L。微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在水中质量浓度为0.18~0.79μg/L。蓝藻细胞数量与化学需氧量之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明蓝藻的生长情况与养殖池中的有机污染程度有密切联系,低盐度的富营养化的水体能促进蓝藻的生长,成为微藻群落中的优势种群。MC-LR的质量浓度与蓝藻细胞数量之间无显著相关。     

The influence of the sea-air heat exchange over the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in winter on the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in flood season

In this paper, the sea-air heat exchange over the Kuroshio in the East China Sea during the winters of 1954–1972 is computed and analysed. The results indicate that the year to year anomalies of sea-air heat exchange are obvious and the values are mainly controlled by the intensity of the cold air at the same time. The authors have found a close relationship between sea-air heat exchange and precipitation in the region of the Changjiang River during the early summer. Finally, the predicting indication for forecasting this precipitation around the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in June is given. Contribution No. 839 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 14 (3): 256–262, 1983.