三峡库区堆积层滑坡间歇性活动预测:以白水河滑坡为例

三峡库区堆积层滑坡在季节性降雨和库水λ周期波动的影响下呈现间歇性活动特征,滑坡活动强度与诱 发因素作用强度和时间关系密切.以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,分析了堆积层滑坡间歇性活动特征和诱发因素, 发现降雨和库水λ下降是滑坡变形的主要诱发因素.根据滑坡时序曲线特征,将滑坡累积λ移分解为趋势项λ 移和周期项λ移,采用多项式拟合的方法来预测趋势项λ移,利用长短期记忆神经网络模型来预测周期项λ移, 并与极限学习机模型、广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行了对比分析,发现长短期记忆神经网络模型预测滑 坡间歇性活动精度更高.      

河南地裂缝发生发展及其防治初探

河南省地裂缝分布广泛，遍布４３个县（市）１２８处。主要形成于１９７０～１９９１年间。文章概述了全省地裂缝时空分布，分析了地震、构造、地层岩性、人类活动等因素对地裂缝形成的影响，探讨了地裂缝成因、活动周期、预测、防治等问题。认为全省地裂缝主要是人类采矿活动和构造活动两大因素引起的。构造活动引起的地裂缝主要是地应力释放的结果。与太阳黑子１１年活动周期一致，而且发生在谷年附近。地裂缝危害主要发生在显示阶段，气象干旱强烈蒸发以及阵雨、暴雨引起地面积水汹涌流入地下是地裂缝显示的两个条件。故控制这些显示条件，可有效地防治和减轻地裂缝的危害     

泸石高速公路沿线历史地震诱发滑坡遥感调查及发育分布规律

泸(定)石(棉)高速公路沿线断裂构造发育,地震频发,造成区域内历史地震诱发的滑坡数量多且规模大,然而这些地震滑坡体表面生长大量植被,传统调查难以高效查明地震滑坡分布位置及发育规律。为了减少地震滑坡对公路建设带来的安全隐患,首先以高精度机载LiDAR数据对地震滑坡进行了识别,并通过野外复核验证识别的准确性;其次利用高精度机载LiDAR影像对地震滑坡的变形特征进行了分析;最后,综合考虑地形、地质、地震三大因素(6个因子),对地震滑坡的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：利用机载LiDAR技术能够有效地发现植被层下的地震滑坡,在泸石高速公路沿线共识别出地震滑坡23处,野外复核验证精度达100%;通过对控制地震滑坡空间分布的6个因子的分析,得出与断裂构造和地震相关性最高。研究结果为植被茂密山区高速公路的滑坡识别调查提供了一定的参考并为泸石高速公路滑坡灾害防治与风险评价提供了数据支撑。     

山东省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害发育现状与趋势分析

山东省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害具区域分布相对集中 ,形成条件大致相近 ,周期性变化规律。其诱发因素主要是地震和降雨。本文采用统计法和标准点密度法对灾害的时空分布特征作了分析 ,并根据地质背景条件及气象周期、地震活动规律预测了灾害的多发部位和多发时段     

构造动力对滑坡灾害发育的影响———以喜马拉雅东构造结地区为例北大核心CSCD

基于有限元数值模拟技术,利用GPS数据获取喜马拉雅东构造结区域的断裂运动状态和构造应力场,并结合区域滑坡隐患探讨构造活动对滑坡灾害发育的影响。结果显示,差异化的断裂运动会造成显著相异的构造应力分布,而区域滑坡灾害更集中分布在断层锁固引起的构造应力异常区域;对应力异常区的斜坡进行稳定性研究发现,受应力长期累积影响,斜坡表层应力场持续扰动,造成潜在危险滑移面安全系数降低,促进滑坡失稳。研究表明,断裂构造运动模式可对区域滑坡灾害的发育和分布造成不可忽视的影响,且长期持续的构造应力荷载将促进滑坡灾害的发育。     

青海省特大型滑坡基本类型和发育分布特征

本文在阐述青海省特大型滑坡基本类型及分布的基础上,分析了特大型滑坡发育的影响因素,认为构造抬升致使河流快速下切形成高陡斜坡及黄土泥岩组成的斜坡岩性结构,是区内特大型滑坡发生的根本原因.     

三峡库首区滑坡空间分布特征分析及危险性评价

采用遥感和GIS技术从宏观上对三峡库首区三峡工程二期、三期治理滑坡和新增滑坡的空间分布与地形地貌、地层岩性、断裂构造、水系流域和人为影响等因素的相关程度进行分析,获取孕灾环境特征规则,并对其危险性进行评价。结果表明,地形因子中的高程、坡向和高程变异系数与滑坡的相关性较高;研究区内断裂构造对滑坡发育的控制作用不明显;研究区滑坡体的空间分布受到不同因子组合的约束,可根据不同因子组合约束的权重对研究区滑坡危险性进行评价。     

瑞安市地质灾害现状及对策

地质灾害指自然因素或者人为活动引发的危害人民生命和财产安全的山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等与地质作用有关的灾害。随着瑞安市经济社会的快速发展,人类工程活动规模与强度不断加大,滑坡、崩塌、泥石泥等地质灾害时有发生,     

考虑软弱夹层控滑机制及其空间不确定性的顺层岩质滑坡易发性评价: 万州区铁峰乡应用研究

顺层岩质滑坡突发性强, 破坏性大, 是危害山区城镇安全的重要灾害类型之一。发育软弱夹层的顺向斜坡是顺层岩质滑坡的高发区, 区域顺层岩质滑坡易发性评价应融入软弱夹层的控滑机制和空间分布不确定性分析。以万州区铁峰乡为研究区, 在软弱夹层物质结构及空间分布详细调查的基础上, 分析了原生沉积、构造变形和表生改造作用下区内页岩和泥岩两类软弱夹层发展为滑动面的演化机理, 总结了顺层岩质滑坡的变形破坏机理。考虑软弱夹层空间分布的不确定性, 提出了软弱夹层垂向分布和有效控滑深度范围内软弱夹层控滑贡献度的计算模型。提取了软弱夹层类型和控滑贡献度等表征顺层岩质滑坡控滑结构的关键指标, 结合地形地貌、斜坡结构、水文地质及人类工程活动4类要素, 构建了顺层岩质滑坡易发性评价指标体系。针对万州区铁峰乡河谷南侧的顺向坡区段, 以斜坡为评价单元, 采用层次分析法对研究区顺层岩质滑坡开展了易发性评价。结果显示研究区内侏罗系珍珠冲组泥化夹层和自流井组页岩层是顺层岩质滑坡的主要控滑层位, 极高易发区和高易发区占比分别为9.7%和25.8%, 岩质斜坡单元下伏软弱夹层分布情况和斜坡前缘开挖情况是影响滑坡灾害易发性的主要因素, 建房和道路开挖等人类工程活动极易诱发顺层岩质滑坡灾害。与不考虑软弱夹层相关指标的易发性评价结果相比, 本文方法的结果更符合实际情况。      

山东省主要地质灾害及防治对策

山东省主要地质灾害有矿山地质灾害、海（咸）水入侵、岩溶塌陷、水土流失、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面沉降、地裂缝等,其发育和分布严格受地质构造、水文地质条件的制约,同时也受气象、人类活动等因素的影响。这些灾害危害很大,往往造成巨大的经济损失,并伴有人员伤亡。文中对其分布规律、危害程度、致害因素及区域活动性等做了分析,并提出了防治对策及防灾减灾建议。     

A public Cloud-based China’s Landslide Inventory Database (CsLID): development,zone, and spatiotemporal analysis for significant historical events, 1949-2011

Landslide inventory plays an important role in recording landslide events and showing their temporal-spatial distribution. This paper describes the development, visualization, and analysis of a China's Landslide Inventory Database (CsLID) by utilizing Google’s public cloud computing platform. Firstly, CsLID (Landslide Inventory Database) compiles a total of 1221 historical landslide events spanning the years 1949-2011 from relevant data sources. Secondly, the CsLID is further broken down into six zones for characterizing landslide cause-effect, spatiotemporal distribution, fatalities, and socioeconomic impacts based on the geological environment and terrain. The results show that among all the six zones, zone V, located in Qinba and Southwest Mountainous Area is the most active landslide hotspot with the highest landslide hazard in China. Additionally, the Google public cloud computing platform enables the CsLID to be easily accessible, visually interactive, and with the capability of allowing new data input to dynamically augment the database. This work developed a cyber-landslide inventory and used it to analyze the landslide temporal-spatial distribution in China.     

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages.It plays important role in administering landslide.It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock.To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force,according to need of study,this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide,and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion,strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model.The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.     

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages. It plays important role in administering landslide. It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock. To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force, according to need of study, this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide, and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion, strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model. The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.     

华北中部主要活动断裂对岩石圈磁异常分布的影响

对2016~2019年华北中部地区118个流动地磁矢量测点的数据进行处理,得到连续3期岩石圈磁场各要素年变化数据。对得到的ΔY要素各期年变化数据进行网格化处理,利用节点值进行计算,对ΔY梯度空间赋值。分析梯度空间形态发现,高值区和活动断裂分布有较好的对应关系,高值区多沿一个或多个活动断裂延伸,或环活动断裂分布。利用多项式回归法对ΔY进行成分分解,提取区域背景性异常和局部性异常,同样发现局部性异常分布和活动断裂相关性较好。各期梯度高值区和局部异常形态差异性较大,但也有部分高值区或异常显著区延续性存在,尤其在断裂附近,延续性存在的可能和构造应力关系更密切。     

Landslide distribution and sliding mode control along the Anninghe fault zone at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Tibetan Plateau is known as the roof of the world. Due to the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, many active fault zones are present. These active fault zones such as the Anninghe fault zone have a significant influence on the formation of special geomorphology and the distribution of geological hazards at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The Anninghe fault zone is a key part of the Y-shaped fault pattern in the Sichuan-Yunnan block of China. In this paper, high-resolution topographic data, multitemporal remote sensing images, numerical calculations, seismic records, and comprehensive field investigations were employed to study the landslide distribution along the active part of the Anninghe. The influence of active faults on the lithology, rock mass structures and slope stress fields were also studied. The results show that the faults within the Anninghe fault zone have damaged the structure and integrity of the slope rock mass, reduced the mechanical strength of the rock mass and controlled the slope failure modes. The faults have also controlled the stress field, the distribution of the plastic strain zone and the maximum shear strain zone of the slope, thus have promoted the formation and evolution of landslides. We find that the studied landslides are linearly distributed along the Anninghe fault zone, and more than 80% of these landslides are within 2-3 km of the fault rupture zone. Moreover, the Anninghe fault zone provides abundant substance for landslides or debris flows. This paper presents four types of sliding mode control of the Anninghe fault zone, e.g., constituting the whole landslide body, controlling the lateral boundary of the landslide, controlling the crown of the landslide, and constituting the toe of the landslide. The results presented merit close attention as a valuable reference source for local infrastructure planning and engineering projects.     

三峡库区麻柳林滑坡变形特征及演化模拟

在库水位波动和降雨作用的共同影响下，库岸滑坡的变形规律往往更为复杂。以三峡库区麻柳林滑坡为例，基于野外调查、钻探编录、深部位移监测以及数值模拟等手段，分析了库水位波动和降雨作用下滑坡变形特征及演化规律。结果表明:麻柳林滑坡在粉质黏土层和块石层交界处发育一个次级滑带，目前该滑坡主要沿次级滑带运动，导致次级滑动的原因与坡体物质的差异性有关；S_i(S_f)指标分析法揭示滑坡的滑带还未完全破坏，滑坡仍处于蠕变状态；根据三峡水库水位调度规律，将一个完整水文年划分为6个阶段，数值模拟结果表明滑坡在库水位缓慢下降阶段变形速率较小、在快速下降阶段和低水位阶段变形速率持续增大、在快速上升阶段和缓慢上升阶段以及高水位阶段变形速率则保持平稳。其中，降雨的直接影响和降雨导致库水位波动进而对滑坡变形造成的间接影响，使得麻柳林滑坡在低水位阶段的变形显著增加、稳定性最差，应加强该时段内滑坡的监测和预警。      

Three-dimensional stability of landslides based on local safety factor

Unlike the limit equilibrium method (LEM), with which only the global safety factor of the landslide can be calculated, a local safety factor (LSF) method is proposed to evaluate the stability of different sections of a landslide in this paper. Based on three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation results, the local safety factor is defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the soil at an element on the slip zone to the shear stress parallel to the sliding direction at that element. The global safety factor of the landslide is defined as the weighted average of all local safety factors based on the area of the slip surface. Some example analyses show that the results computed by the LSF method agree well with those calculated by the General Limit Equilibrium (GLE) method in two-dimensional (2D) models and the distribution of the LSF in the 3D slip zone is consistent with that indicated by the observed deformation pattern of an actual landslide in China.     

InSAR滑坡探测技术研究——以金沙江乌东德水电站段为例

采用3类InSAR产品和DEM数据开展金沙江流域乌东德水电站段的潜在滑坡探测，成功识别出多处已知和未知的滑坡点，并探测出滑坡体的形态及稳定性，提供了一种高效的大范围滑坡探测技术。同时采用小基线集InSAR技术对金坪子滑坡进行监测，不仅获得该滑坡的空间分区特征，也获取重点滑坡区的时间序列结果，并且与地面监测结果比较，精度达1.8 cm。展示了不同InSAR技术在不同尺度滑坡调查与监测中的应用特点。