地图点要素注记自动配置中聚类分组的蚁群算法应用

大规模点要素注记自动配置问题是地图注记的难点之一,主要受限于时间效率和注记配置质量。针对该问题,本文首先提出一种椭圆形多方位多级注记待选方位配置方案,使其参数化、多元化。其次,结合点要素空间分布特征,提出一种以聚类分组的蚁群算法,并讨论和优化核心参数,实现大规模点要素的注记快速配置。实验表明,该算法计算效率明显提升,算法性能稳定。针对注记密度在5%~30%随机分布点要素的地图,其相比传统蚁群算法算法效率提高73.2%;同时,该算法的注记结果质量比传统蚁群算法注记结果质量好,注记适应度提升8.0%。实验采用抚顺县集体土地所有权界址点数据进行验证,结果表明效率提升86.7%,且注记适应度提升14.6%。本算法适用于点要素规模大、点簇疏密变化差异大的点要素注记自动配置问题的快速求解。     

宗地图专题注记配置算法研究

宗地图是土地调查最重要的成果之一。宗地图专题注记的配置美观程度直接影响着宗地图输出质量。本文从地籍权属要素语义出发,针对宗地图专题注记特点分别提出基于角平分线的界址点点号注记、基于空间位置修正的界址边长注记以及基于等分点的宗地四至注记配置算法。针对界址点点号注记易产生的压盖情况,提出基于近似圆的压盖检测算法。最后通过系统实例验证了本文提出的宗地图专题注记配置算法具有较好的标注效果和较高的运算效率,提高了宗地图注记自动配置智能化程度。     

智能化地图注记

详细讨论了候选注记位置的确定、候选注记位置的质量评定以及最佳注记位置的选择方法。在全面考虑注记配置顾及因素的基础上， 对注记位置的质量进行了量化评定， 提出候选注记位压盖要素情况质量评定函数、位置优先性评定函数、位置松驰度评定函数， 从而使对注记位置质量好坏的评价有一个统一的、合理的量化标准， 这对优化注记配置， 减少智能注记过程中超常规配置出现的数量具有重要意义。在选择最佳注记位置策略方面， 提出逐次选取的方法， 使智能注记软件能灵活适应不同复杂程度的地图， 减少计算及判断工作量， 提高工作效率， 快速达到最佳的注记配置效果。     

基于Voronoi图的点状要素注记自动配置

对点状要素候选注记位置质量进行了量化评定,提出了基于Voronoi图的点状要素注记自动配置的思想,并对其进行了实验性验证,理论及实验分析结果表明此种方法逻辑严密,简单易行,注记配置速度快、回溯次数少,超常规注记配置出现个数少,对GIS平台点状要素注记自动配置具有指导意义。     

基于Voronoi图的点状要素注记自动配置

对点状要素候选注记位置质量进行了量化评定，提出了基于Voronoi图的点状要素注记自动配置的思想。并对其进行了实验性验证，理论及实验分析结果表明此种方法逻辑严密。简单易行，注记配置速度快、回溯次数少。超常规注记配置出现个数少。对GIS平台点状要素注记自动配置具有指导意义。     

基于单调性图形综合的面状要素名称注记定位线确定

针对数字地图制图环境下采用平行线法确定面状要素名称注记定位线的局限性，在分析其产生原因的基础上，提出化简多边形图形的一种新模型——歧点删除法原型，并结合面状要素名称注记配置规则和软多边形与硬多边形图形特征，对歧点删除法原型做出了新的改进，提出了用平行线法确定软多边形与硬多边形名称注记定位线时，化简多边形的两种改进性歧点删除法，分别命名为面向软多边形名称注记配置化简图形歧点删除法与面向硬多边形名称注记配置化简图形歧点删除法，其中最为关键的思想为对多边形从3个旋转方位连续实施4次图形综合，并提出第一旋转角、第二旋转角两个概念，打破了平行线法的局限性，使所获取的注记定位线与地图制图专业人员人工确定结果相一致，达到了用简单方法解决自动化地图注记配置难题的效果。大量实验结果及理论分析表明，该方法数学逻辑严密、实施简单，对数字地图制图环境下“地图注记自动配置”有理论与技术指导意义。     

基于视点的3维模型动态注记方法

3维文字注记对于直观表达3维场景中对象的文本信息非常重要,但现有研究大多忽略这一问题,该文主要针对城市环境3维建筑物模型的注记问题,提出一种基于视点位置和方向的动态注记方法.该方法依据3维模型离视点的远近对文字注记位置进行分层处理.在视点远近变换时,选取建筑对象的不同细节层次模型作为文字注记的计算对象.进而依据视点的方向实时计算文字注记的方向,达到动态的注记效果.这种动态的注记方法可以避免因视点变换而产生的注记与3维模型之间的遮挡关系,也可以避免场景因注记过多而产生的杂乱情形.实验表明,该方法具有较好的可视化效果.     

地名:地图空间认知的“定位符”

地名是地图的主要内容之一,具有其他地图要素不可比拟的直观性和概括性,是百姓最容易接受的定位方式。本文以用户的地图空间认知顺序为切入点,首先介绍了地名的产生及发展过程、地名特性、地名定义、地名要素以及地名注记符号在地图空间认知语义三角中的作用。其次,从地名注记的标注位置、颜色、字体与字号、方向及文字排列、文字间隔、整体布置六个方面论述了地名注记作为"定位符"的内在原因。最后,对遥感影像地图、航空像片、普通2维地图以及3维地图四种常用地图中的地名注记进行了分析。地名注记符号是地图空间认知中最直观,最有效的信息传输要素,在地图空间认知中发挥着重要的定位与导航作用。     

矢量瓦片在线制图的地图标注研究

为了解决矢量瓦片在线制图过程中遇到的注记标注问题,从矢量瓦片数据和地图样式配置两方面提出了一套处理方法,包括基于分类与分层的注记配置、基于注记优先级的图层顺序配置以及基于注记类型的分类优化配置。通过实验证明运用该方法可以在注记压盖和分布方面优化注记的标注,增强了地图的易读性、美观性与清晰性。     

汉代的军事地图

由于军事上的需要,我国汉代军事地图在精度、绘制层次安排、标绘符号设计、地物要素符号颜色配置、注记使用,以及作战思想与地图表示的统一性等方面,不仅在当时是地图绘制的最高水平,在今天看来,其绘制水平和符号设计也令人惊叹,充分显示了我国古代军事地图绘制领先于世界的辉煌成就。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites