THE POSITION AND ROLES OF PORTS AND RAILWAYS IN THE EURASIA LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA

This paper systematically analyzes and proves the favorable factors of utilizing the ports and the railways in Northeast China for the Asia-Europe land bridge transportation. It will be more beneficial to Dalian Port and HaDa (Harbin-Dalian) and Binzhou (Harbin-Manzhouli) railways in Northeast China to the Siberia railway in Russia than 1) to other ports and the corresponding railways in China, 2) to the Nakhodka Port in Russia and the corresponding railways and 3) to the Chongjin Port in North Korea and the corresponding railways. This paper also puts forward the reform measures to adopt the ports and the railways in the northeast region in China for the land bridge transportation and the problems in transportation policies and management systems.     

铁路电子支付系统设计与实现

结合中国铁路电子商务的实际需求,提出了一种支持多种电子支付协议,高效、安全的铁路电子支付系统.提出的基于B/S三层架构的铁路电子支付系统具有较好的扩展性、灵活性和适应性,能同时支持客票、行包及货物运输等多种铁路电子商务应用.     

基于ArcIMS的铁路路网地理信息系统的构建与实现

通过实际应用，总结和阐述了用于WebGIS的强大工具——ArcIMS的体系结构。基于ArcIMS构建了一个铁路路网地理信息系统，阐述了系统的结构及模型，介绍了系统的功能，给出系统的实现方法。     

基于排队论的火车站售票排队系统的分析与研究

运用排队模型理论对火车站售票排队系统进行模拟仿真,通过分析模拟出售票窗口的数目对火车站售票排队系统的影响.火车站可以根据客流量动态控制售票窗口数目,有效地为车站节约成本,增加旅客的满意度.应用MATLAB模拟运算结果与成都火车北站实际数据进行对比分析,证明该仿真系统的有效性.     

基于LoRa的铁路路基沉降数据采集系统设计

设计一套铁路路基沉降数据自动化采集系统，采用静力水准仪作为铁路路基沉降数据的采集单元，利用LoRa无线通信技术，选用低功耗STM8系列单片机和SX1278收发器，在IAR环境下移植Contiki操作系统及其自带的Rime协议栈，完成Mesh网络的多跳传输。将采集到的铁路路基沉降数据形成可视化监测界面,实现现有铁路路基沉降数据远距离、低功耗、可靠的无线传输。     

IMPACT OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON VEGETATION ALONGSIDE QINGHAI-XIZANG HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY

Based on the field investigation in August 2001 and August 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristics along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway are studied in this paper. Meanwhile, the impact of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the vegetation types are analyzed using ARCVIEW. ARC/1NFO and PATCH ANALYSIS. It was found that: 1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 latitudes, 12 longitudes and 6 physical geographic regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Qaidam mountain desert region,South Qinghai-Xizang alpine meadow steppe region. Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Golog-Nagqu alpine shrubmeadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region); 2) the construction of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the net primary productivity deceased by about 30 504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432 919.25-1 436 104.3t. The losing primary productivity accounted for 5.70% of the annual primary productivity within lkm-wide buffer regions (535 005.07-535 740.11t/a), and only 0.80%-0.89% of that within 10km-wide buffer regions (3 408 950.45-3 810 480.92t/a). The losing gross biomass was about 9.47%-17.06% of the gross biomass within lkm-wide buffer regions (7 502 971.85-25 488 342.71t), and only 1.47%-2.94% of that within 10km-wide buffer regions (43 615 065.35-164 150 665.37t).     

流空间视角下中国城市群网络结构特征比较——基于铁路客运班次的分析

铁路客流是城市群内经济社会联系的重要反映,也是区域流空间的关键体现。本文依据流空间理论,采用复杂网络方法和2018年中国铁路班次OD数据,从全国尺度分析城市群社区结构特征,并从城市群尺度比较分析了5个主要城市群的空间结构、规模结构和网络节点结构。结果显示,从铁路客运班次联系来看,城市组团片区与国家规划方案中的城市群在范围上存在一定的空间错位。5个主要城市群具有不同的局部特征：① 长江三角洲城市群呈网络状的空间形态和相对集聚的规模分布,主要问题为局部节点的枢纽作用与规模的匹配性有待提高;② 珠江三角洲城市群呈放射状的空间形态和相对集聚的规模分布,主要问题为与全国其他城市群的联系相对薄弱;③ 京津冀城市群呈放射状的空间形态和相对集聚的规模分布,主要问题为存在边缘化的节点;④ 长江中游城市群呈组团状的空间形态和相对分散的规模分布,主要问题为内部结构较为松散;⑤ 成渝城市群呈哑铃状的空间形态和相对集聚的规模分布,主要问题为与全国其他城市群的联系薄弱。随着区域一体化进程,需要根据不同城市群网络结构发展阶段的差异,补足城市群内和城市群间的联系短板,促进规模位序结构与网络结构的耦合协调,推动建设层次分明、枢纽协作、网络化发展的客运服务网络,支撑城市群一体化发展。     

Assessing the influence of highway and high-speed railway construction on local climate using Landsat images in karst areas

Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design. This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway, G76) and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR) in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes. In this study, the severity of the impact and the CO_2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated. Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness) and heat fluxes(latent, sensible and ground heat flux) before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction; the amount of CO_2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets, which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy. The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m~3 and 20.1 m~3 per kilometer, which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer, respectively. At the meantime, the average CO_2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km, respectively. This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance, and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.     

ANALYSIS OF LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION

Land bridge transportation means transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship. At present, there are two common routes for using land bridge transportation in the world. One is Asia-America-Europe land bridge, the other is Europe-Asia land bridge.Eurasia land bridge has obvious advantages over Asia-America-Europe land bridge due to its shorter distance, shorter transportation time and special freight rate. China started Eurasia land bridge transportation business in 1980. It mainly used the mode of railway-railway combined transportation. The comparison between using Eurasia land bridge and using shipping transportation from China to Northern and Western Europe shows that Euraria land bridge transportation can save time and get foreign exchange in time, and commodity turnover will be speeded up. According to the port layout and railway network structure, China's land bridge transportation projects are proposed. They are Suifenhe project, Dalian project     

基于铁路客流的湖北省城市网络关联与空间组织结构特征

以湖北省为研究对象,基于铁路客流的动态关系数据,采用城市网络连锁模型,以城市之间铁路客流的流动性和集聚性为研究切入点,辨析省域城市的网络关联强度和空间组织结构特征。研究表明：① 湖北省域城市网络结构初步形成,整体呈现“东强西弱,北低南高”的态势,省域“单中心”网络格局特征突出,武汉是链接鄂东、鄂中、鄂西三大区域的核心枢纽;② 中心城市指向性和地域邻近指向性特征明显,整体受省域中心城市武汉的影响较大,与之紧密联系的周边城市是构成武汉“1+8”都市圈的主体;③ 交通轴线是客流联系的主要方向,以“十堰—襄阳—荆门—武汉”、“恩施—宜昌—荆州—武汉”等城市为主体的“>”型城市带,其空间组织结构联系较为紧密,是推动湖北省经济发展和实施城镇化战略的重要载体,同时襄阳、宜昌在鄂西地区的枢纽作用日益凸显。最后基于实证研究结论,为省域空间规划的要义、趋势和取向提出了若干探讨。     

基于AHP法的鲁中某高铁岩溶塌陷易发性评价

鲁中地区隐伏岩溶广泛分布,多年来岩溶塌陷灾害频发,给区内高速铁路的勘察、施工与运营管理带来了较多困难。本文以泰安东地区某拟建高速铁路为研究对象,在对线路穿越段地质构造、水文地质条件、岩溶塌陷发育现状总结分析的基础上,选取了8项岩溶塌陷影响因子作为评价指标,并运用AHP法计算了各评价指标的权重,构建了有针对性的评价指标体系,结合GIS空间分析方法进行了岩溶塌陷易发性评价。结果表明：研究区易发性高区面积约11.0km²,占比37.6%,易发性中等区面积约9.6km²,占比32.9%,易发性低区面积约7.8km²,占比26.8%,需在高速铁路建设过程中有针对性地采取进一步的防治工程措施。本研究成果可为高铁线路方案的确定及工程处理提供地质依据,也可为同类覆盖型岩溶区高速铁路工程的规划建设与防灾减灾管理提供参考。     

Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China

The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway’s alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater.     

基于TCP-InSAR的采动区铁路动态沉降监测与时序分析

为高效获取采动区长时间序列形变，监控煤炭开采对矿区铁路的影响，研究一种基于TCP-InSAR(temporarily coherent point interferometric synthetic aperture radar)的采动区铁路形变监测方法。该方法根据时间序列SAR影像间的相干性，选取临时相干点构建Delaunay三角网，并通过离群值探测去除具有相位模糊度的TCP间的弧段，最后采用最小二乘解算得到区域地表变形。实验使用2016-10~2017-04时间段内的15景Sentinel-1A数据，利用TCP-InSAR技术获得某矿区的铁路形变。结果表明，受采动影响，该时间段内铁路最大下沉值为95 mm，最大倾斜坡度为0.37‰。利用TCP-InSAR技术可实现采动区内铁路长时间的动态形变监测。     

凝聚中国,走向全球——北京交通通信总枢纽,金融科技优势分析

新中国北京建都60年,特别是改革开放30周年来,北京作为全国政治、文化中心,立足全国,放眼世界。城市辐射能力和凝聚能力建设不断增强;联手天津、上海、海港城市,航空、铁路、公路、通讯网络高度发达;人流、物流、信息流、资金流四通八达,全方位畅通;同时北京城市建设日新月异,高新技术开发区,商务中心区,金融中心就如雨后春笋,在京畿郊区形成卫星城镇,别墅区或生态度假园区,以现代化国际大都市的全新姿态,承办2008年奥林匹克运动大会。     

基于时序InSAR的京津高铁北京段地面沉降监测

京津高铁是中国第一条高速运行的城际铁路,其安全运行对轨道的平顺性有着严格的要求。地面沉降,尤其是不均匀地面沉降会引起部分路基和桥梁变形,威胁着高速铁路的运营安全。合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术可以大范围监测地表形变,对高速铁路沿线地面沉降具有较好的监测能力。本文以45景高分辨率TerraSAR-X 数据为基础,采用 PS-InSAR技术监测京津高铁北京段沿线地面沉降,获取京津高铁北京段沿线地面沉降的分布信息,从动静载荷视角结合北京地区地下水、断裂带、地质条件和含水层系统介质等数据,综合分析高铁沿线不均匀地面沉降的原因,为京津高铁的安全运营提供技术支撑。研究结果表明：京津高铁北京段沿线地面沉降发展在空间上存在一定差异性,北京南站至十里河区间,年沉降速率小于10 mm/a; 至十八里店区间,年沉降速率在10~40 mm/a范围内浮动;过亦庄站至东石村以东区间,最大年沉降速率达到90 mm/a;至永隆村以西,年沉降有所缓解,往东至坨堤村,沉降较为稳定,年沉降速率小于10 mm/a。地下水超采是沿线区域地面沉降的主要因素,动静载荷共同作用下对地面沉降产生一定的影响,沿线地面沉降一定程度上受到南苑—通县断裂带和旧宫断裂带构造控制,沉降量较大的路段位于粘土层较厚的大兴迭隆起。     

大规模航运数据下“一带一路”国家和地区贸易网络分析

在“一带一路”沿线的65个国家中,46个国家拥有登记在案的港口,同时海上航运贸易占国际贸易总量的75%以上。为了充分了解“一带一路”沿线国家和地区航运贸易情况,评估国家、区域之间贸易往来关系,本文选取了2016年“一带一路”国家和地区船舶历史运动轨迹,首先基于规则判定的方法挖掘船舶停港事件,并以港口为主要节点,港口间货运往来事件为连接形成“一带一路”国际航运贸易网络。在此基础上,对贸易网络进行如下网络结构分析：① “一带一路”贸易网络基本属性统计,包括网络连通性、度分布、平均最短路径;② 网络节点中心度计算,主要采用Eigenvector Centrality评估分析贸易网中节点中心度;③ 结合社会网络挖掘中社区挖掘的概念,使用Fast Unfolding算法对贸易网络进行社区发现。可以看出,“一带一路”沿线国家和地区贸易往来错综复杂,港口之间呈现小世界网络特性;土耳其、俄罗斯、中国等国的港口影响力靠前;并且形成五大贸易社区,这些社区的分布和地理位置分布基本吻合,但仍然有部分国家受特殊贸易行为的影响,所属社区有所打破区域限制。本文旨在通过航运大数据构建贸易网络,在网络分析基础上,更好地评价节点影响力,更清晰地分析贸易网络结构,为“一带一路”战略更好地实施提供帮助。     

铁路用地地籍管理技术方法及相关问题研究

随着地籍管理科技发展,铁路用地地籍管理在引入国家大地统一坐标系的测量技术手段的同时,为满足铁路用地线状分布特点和日常管理的需要,仍然保留了独立坐标系统。而铁路运营设备的不断更新和技术装备的不断提高,铁路线路设备发生了较多拨移、变线或改道,作为确认铁路地界线位置的基准线,铁路线路的变化,对快速准确地查找铁路地界线产生了直接影响。为此,针对铁路用地参照坐标的变化情况及调整方法进行了深入调查研究,提出了可行性建议。     

Spatiotemporal evolution of land transportation networks and accessibility in inland mountainous areas 1917-2017: A case study of Southwest China

Located in the western hinterland,Southwest China is a typical mountainous area covered by plateaus, mountains and hills. Its ruggedness hinders regional internal and external connections, and its poor transportation infrastructure has long constrained the socioeconomic development of Southwest China. Based on the GIS transportation database, this paper explored the spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of the land transportation networks and the accessibility of Southwest China from 1917 to 2017. Regional accessibility in Southwest China has significantly improved, and transportation infrastructure has gradually integrated the transportation circles of the52 central cities. The transportation network has followed an evolutionary process from a "hub-spoke pattern" to a "network pattern", while the construction of a high-speed railway(HSR) has brought about significant spatial polarization. We argue that innovation in transportation technology is one of the most effective factors for promoting a significant change in regional accessibility. In addition, the spatial distribution and evolution of accessibility in Southwest China presents a verticalcharacteristic that distinguishes it from the plains, as the spillover effects of new transportation infrastructure on accessibility improvement are partly offset by the mountainous terrain. Additionally, in Southwest China, there is significant "path dependence" in the evolution of the transportation network, since a large portion of the population is concentrated along transportation corridors in mountainous areas.     

基于线性参照系统的虚拟高速铁路场景建模方法

虚拟高速铁路场景能够直观地表达线路实体及其周围的地形地貌,为高速铁路相关的管理决策和科学实验提供支持。针对高速铁路空间数据的线性分布特征和地物对象结构固定的特性,本文提出了基于线性参照系统的虚拟高速铁路场景建模方法。将高速铁路对象抽象和简化为可重复利用的模型,并使用线性参照工具进行模型的空间定位,以实现虚拟高速铁路场景的构建。本文首先探讨了高速铁路线路和线性参照系统的特点;然后,详细给出了构建虚拟高速铁路场景的流程、模型属性表和事件表的设计,以及几何约束方法;最后,选择案例区域开展试验。结果表明,该建模方法将建模对象以事件表的形式进行空间定位,减少了计算复杂性,并将属性数据与虚拟场景对象进行联接,可用于高速铁路的可视化管理和科学分析。     

“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性及其对气候变化的响应

全球气候变化背景下,“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性直接影响着所在国家或地区的粮食安全问题。本文基于农田生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）,使用定量的脆弱性评价方法,系统分析了“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性的空间分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：① “一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性普遍处于较高的程度,77.1%的农田生态系统表现为中度和重度脆弱,且农田生态系统脆弱性呈现出明显的空间分异格局,中亚、西亚和蒙古脆弱性较高,中国、东南亚和南亚的脆弱性处于中等水平,俄罗斯、独联体和中东欧脆弱性较低;② 1980年以来“一带一路”沿线农田生态系统暖干化趋势明显,暖干化区域面积占64.06%,暖干化是“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统气候变化的主要特征;③ 农田生态系统脆弱性由低到高的气候变化区依次为暖湿区、冷湿区、暖干区、冷干区。暖湿区农田生态系统脆弱性最低,而冷干区农田生态系统脆弱性最高。气温和降水的变化及其耦合关系控制着农田生态系统脆弱性程度,其中降水变化趋势是影响农田生态系统脆弱性的重要因子。本研究为“一带一路”沿线国家应对和解决粮食安全问题,促进农业可持续发展,为加强各国之间的农业国际合作提供科学依据和有益参考。