市域土地资源建设开发适宜性评价研究——以福州市为例

土地资源建设开发适宜性评价是土地资源承载力评价以及国土空间规划的重要基础性工作。本文以福州市为研究区域,选取耕地资源、生态红线、地形坡度、地壳稳定性等土地资源建设开发影响因素进行强制性和较强制性因子的筛选、分级,综合运用短板效应原理法、GIS空间分析方法,开展福州市土地资源建设开发适宜性评价研究,研究结果表明:全市适宜建设开发的土地面积占16.10%,主要分布于闽江、敖江、龙江等主要流域周边盆地区域和罗源湾、闽江口、福清湾、兴化湾等滨海平原区域;有条件适宜建设开发的土地面积占16.77%,零散分布于内陆低丘缓坡及沿海台地区域;不适宜建设开发的土地面积占29.78%,主要分布于西部、北部及中部地势险陡、地质灾害多发的丘陵山地区域;禁止建设开发的土地面积占37.35%,主要分布于西南部、西北部生态保育区以及沿海基干林保护区、永久基本农田保护区、河流水域等区域。     

指标法与层次分析法在浅层地温能适宜性评价中的应用讨论

浅层地温能是蕴藏在地表以下一定深度范围内岩土体、地下水和地表水中具有开发利用价值的热能,浅层地温能具有可再生、环保、经济、寿命长等特点。本文以指标法和层次分析法为分区方法,通过对莱阳市城区浅层地温能赋存条件的研究,并结合相关的测试分析数据,开展浅层地温能开发利用适宜性分区(开发利用方式以地埋管换热系统为例),最终将2种方法得出的结果进行对比分析。通过指标法进行适宜性分区,得出的分区结果为:评价区全区均为地埋管换热适宜性中等区,面积55.0km~2;通过层次分析法进行适宜性分区,得出的分区结果为:地埋管换热适宜性分区划分为适宜性中等区和适宜性差区,其中适宜性差区仅在评价区内东北方向小面积出露,面积约为1.1km~2,约占全区面积的2.0%,其他区域均为地埋管换热适宜性中等区,面积约为53.9km~2,约占全区面积的98.0%。通过对比2种方法得出的分区结果并结合评价过程中选取的评价指标、使用的评价方式等,得出如下结论:2种方法评价的结果相近,但层次分析法考虑到的因素更加全面,方法更加科学,使用更加灵活,取得的评价分区结果更加准确。     

土地资源建设开发适宜性评价方法对比研究 ——以福建省为例

文章采用适宜性指数评价法、短板效应评价法两种方法,以福建省为研究区域,进行土地资源建设开发适宜性评价方法对比研究。研究结果表明:适宜性指数评价法,容易弱化单要素因子对土地资源建设开发的限制性程度,加上人为主观因素干扰,所以部分区域适宜性划分结果不够合理。短板效应评价法,在单要素适宜性评价基础上,确定评价单元的综合适宜性等级,可以使研究者能够快速找到各评价单元建设开发的约束性因子,进而为自然资源管理部门提供更为详实的研究数据,这种方法对各参评因子的数据精度要求更高,参评因子数据比例尺越大,评价结果也越接近现实。     

新疆冰雪旅游资源适宜性评价研究

冰雪旅游正在成为冬季旅游出行的新选择。新疆冰雪旅游资源丰富,如何合理开发利用资源成为当地旅游开发亟待解决的问题,因此本文从旅游资源适宜性角度出发,选取自然条件、旅游资源、社会经济和交通可达性等方面的18个影响因子,采用层次分析法（AHP）和熵值法（EWM）确定组合权重,运用GIS空间分析技术和多因子加权评价模型（MCE）对研究区冰雪旅游资源适宜性进行评价。研究结果显示：① 就自然条件来看,伊犁东部、阿勒泰北部沿山脉边缘的丘陵和平原等地区较适宜发展冰雪旅游;② 阿勒泰地区和乌鲁木齐市的旅游资源相关基础设施完备,昌吉和伊犁在旅游资源方面也有较强竞争力;③ 社会经济来看,伊犁、乌鲁木齐市和阿勒泰地区为代表的北疆城市较南疆有更强的游客接待能力;④ 伊犁、乌昌经济带沿线地区交通可达性明显优于南疆各地州市。新疆冰雪旅游综合适宜性指数为1.8622-7.5724之间,其中天山北坡、阿勒泰北部、伊犁、塔城北部、哈密中部等地区为高度适宜;南疆大部分区域处于中低度适宜。建议通过加强新型旅游资源开发和整合,积极承办大型冰雪运动相关赛事,借助丝绸之路经济带发展交通道路建设,以加速推进新疆冰雪旅游发展。本研究可为冰雪旅游区开发和选址提供空间导向和科学依据。     

基于GIS的香港泳滩适宜性评价模型

泳滩是滨海旅游业的一个重要部分,本文以香港泳滩为研究对象,对该区域的综合条件进行剖析,根据其影响因素的类型选取了自然条件,社会经济条件,以及泳滩自身条件作为泳滩适宜性评价的主要因素,并对评价指标进行归纳和分类,建立起较为完善的泳滩适宜性评价的指标体系。运用层次分析法,比较评价指标之间重要性关系得到各影响因素对泳滩适宜性的影响权重,通过地理信息系统(GIS)的建模方法对各种因素进行空间分析,最终得到香港泳滩的评价等级结果。该模型的构建理论和方法可以为海岸资源的管理和开发提供参考和技术支撑,有利于泳滩旅游业的可持续发展。     

日照奎山地区生态地质环境现状与保护

本文简要论述了日照市奎山地区生态地质环境主要因子的特征。对海水入侵、水质污染、海岸带开发、采石对地质地貌景观的破坏等主要环境地质问题的现状、产生和危害进行了阐述。选取土壤、工程地质、地下水、地下水水力坡度、第四系厚度和植被6种因子进行了生态地质环境质量评价,将研究区分为良好区、较好区和较差区。在此基础上,根据生态地质环境条件和主要环境地质问题的分布,进一步将研究区划分为7个适宜性小区,并分别提出生态地质环境保护与治理建议。     

利用层次分析法评价东营市浅层地热能适宜性

利用定性、半定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP),建立地埋管换热系统适宜性递阶层次结构模型,在野外试验、室内测试等基础数据的基础上,选取地下水埋藏深度、砂层厚度、成孔难易程度、地面沉降、热扩散率、比热容、综合热导率等7个评价指标,将东营市浅层地热能开发利用划分为适宜区、较适宜区。这是东营地区第一次利用实测数据开展浅层地热能适宜性评价,为今后的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

泰安市地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价

结合泰安市地下空间开发利用现状,分析了地质环境特征与地下工程建设和地下空间开发的相互影响机制。采用层次分析法,从工程地质条件、水文地质条件、环境地质问题和不良地质作用等方面建立了地下空间适宜性评价指标体系,构建分析模型;通过综合确定各指标的权重,以GIS软件空间叠加分析功能自动划分评价单元,对泰安市地下空间开发的地质环境适宜性进行了分区评价。同时,通过对各分区地质条件的说明对适宜性分区结果进行了分析和验证,以期为泰安市地下空间开发利用建设提供决策依据。     

临沂市城市地下空间资源地质调查评价研究

临沂市城市建设发展迅速,城市面貌日新月异,但高楼密集、交通拥挤等问题也逐渐显现出来,城市建设需要更多的空间,开发利用城市地下空间已是首要解决的问题。临沂市位于沂沭断裂带与临沂单斜、平邑-方城盆地多个地质单元的交会处,断裂构造发育,地震活动强烈,地质条件复杂,城市地下空间开发的影响因素众多,该文从水文及水文地质条件、工程地质条件、环境地质条件、人类工程活动等方面对临沂城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性进行了分析研究,提出了其主要制约因素为极其发育的活动性断裂的看法,凡是活动性断裂对地下空间开发有影响的区域,均为地下空间资源开发制约区。评价结论对于提高城市发展格局、提高城市空间利用率、指导城市空间开发利用规划具有一定的参考意义。     

水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价方法研究

开展特定区域水稻种植产业布局是科学制定区域农业种植产业规划的重要内容,而水稻种植适宜性评价是水稻种植产业布局的前提。本文以中国好粮油示范县——福建省浦城县为研究区,基于层次分析模型构建土壤条件、立地条件、灌排条件、气候条件和机械耕作条件5大类共21个指标的水稻种植适宜性评价体系,利用地学模型、回归模型和空间插值等方法计算、模拟评价指标空间分布数据,形成5 m×5 m分辨率的评价指标栅格数据集,基于经验指数法建立适宜度指数模型,开展精细尺度下的水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价。利用实测样点水稻产量与水稻种植环境综合适宜度指数进行分析,发现二者呈显著正相关,验证了本研究评价工作的正确性和可行性。最后利用K-means属性聚类法识别研究区水稻种植多维环境适宜性的空间模式。结果表明：① 研究区水稻种植高度适宜、较适宜、中度适宜耕地面积占全县耕地面积的84.4%,次适宜耕地仅占15.6%,耕地整体适宜性较高;② Ⅰ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性和各类指标适宜性均较高;Ⅱ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但灌排条件适宜性很低;Ⅲ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但立地、土壤条件适宜性较低;Ⅳ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较低,灌排条件适宜性最低。本研究可为水稻种植适宜性评价提供方法借鉴,并为浦城县更合理科学地开展农业种植规划提供依据。     

Beach Morphology and Coastline Evolution in the Southern Bohai Strait

The beach studied in this paper spans a length of 51 km and is one of several long sandy beaches in the southern Bohai Strait. Due to the obstruction of islands in the northeast and the influence of the underwater topography, the wave environment in the offshore area is complex; beach types and sediment transport characteristics vary along different coasts. The coastlines extracted from six aerial photographs in different years were compared to demonstrate the evolving features. Seven typical beach profiles were selected to study the lateral beach variation characteristics. Continuous wind and wave observation data from Beihuangcheng ocean station during 2009 were employed for the hindcast of the local wave environment using a regional spectral wave model. Then the results of the wave hindcast were incorporated into the LITDRIFT model to compute the sediment transport rates and directions along the coasts and analyze the longshore sand movement. The results show that the coastline evolution of sand beaches in the southern Bohai Strait has spatial and temporal variations and the coast can be divided into four typical regions. Region(I), the north coast of Qimudao, is a slightly eroded and dissipative beach with a large sediment transport rate; Region(II), the southwest coast of Gangluan Port, is a slightly deposited and dissipative beach with moderate sediment transport rate; Region(III), in the central area, is a beach that is gradually transformed from a slightly eroded dissipative beach to a moderately or slightly strong eroded bar-trough beach from west to east with a relatively moderate sediment transport rate. Region(IV), on the east coast, is a strongly eroded and reflective beach with a weak sediment transport rate. The wave conditions exhibit an increasing trend from west to east in the offshore area. The distribution of the wave-induced current inside the wave breaking region and the littoral sediment transport in the nearshore region exhibit a gradual weakening tendency from west to east, which is opposite to the trend of the wave conditions outside the breaking region. The presence of submerged shoal(Dengzhou Shoal), deep trough(Dengzhou Channel), islands and irregular topography influnces the wave climate, beach types, wave-induced current features, littoral sediment transport trends and coastline evolution patterns in the southern Bohai Strait. Human activities, such as the sand exploitation of Dengzhou Shoal and other coastal engineering projects, also influence the beach morphology and coastline evolution.     

Modelling the upwelling offthe east Hainan Island coast in summer 2010

A synoptic-scale upwelling event that developed off the east coast of the Hainan Island(EHIU) in the summer of 2010 is defi ned well via processing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) sea surface temperature(SST) data. The Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS) with high spatial resolution has been used to investigate this upwelling event. By comparing the ROMS results against tide station data, Argo fl oat profi les and MODIS SST, it is confi rmed that the ROMS reproduces the EHIU well. The cooler-water core(CWC) distinguished by waters(27) 27.5°C in the EHIU, which occurred in the east Qiongzhou Strait mouth area and was bounded by a high temperature gradient, was the focus of this paper. Vertical structure of the CWC suggests that interaction between the westward fl ow and the bathymetry slope played a signifi cant role in the formation of CWC. Numerical experiments indicated that the westward fl ow in the Qiongzhou Strait was the result of tidal rectifi cation over variable topography(Shi et al., 2002), thus tides played a critical role on the development of the CWC. The negative wind stress curl that dominated the east Qiongzhou Strait mouth area suppressed the intensity of the CWC by 0.2–0.4°C. Further, nonlinear interaction between tidal currents and wind stress enhanced vertical mixing greatly, which would benefi t the development of the CWC.     

A preliminary study of tidal current ridges

Tidal current ridges, widely distributed geomorphological phenomena over the continental shelf of the world, are studied. They are formed by tidal current and the trend of their sand bodies runs parallel to the direction of tidal current. There are two types of the plane shapes: the parallel and the fingered. Conditions of forming tidal current ridges are the velocities of tidal current ranging from 1 to 3.5 knots and the supply of abundant sediments. Tidal current ridges often develop in following morphological locations: the bays, estuaries, the mouths of channels, as well as the offshore area with strong tidal current. Tidal current ridges occur generally at a water depth of less than 35 metres. The sediments of tidal current ridges are mainly composed of sand. The grain size of the sediments is uniform and well sorted. The characteristics of grain size of the sand imply that their formation mechanism is similar to that of river sand, that is, both of them are the result of flow movements in a trongth channel controlled by boundary. There is however difference between them that the river sand is formed by one-way flow movement while the tidal current sand by two-way movement. There are two saltation populations in the log-probability curves of tidal current sand, the sorting of first saltation population is better than the second one, and having positive skewness, which differs from beach sand. In the C-M grain size pattern tidal current sand is most found in graded suspension segment. The continental shelves of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea have favourable conditions for developing tidal current ridges in massive scale and special shape, such as the tidal current ridges in the offshore of Jiangsu, the Gulf of Korea, the shoal of Liaodong, the east and west mouths of the channel of Qiongzhou, Jiaozhou Bay, the shoal of Taiwan, Lingdingyang, the north branch of Changjiang estuary. The studies of them are of vital significance in shipping, fishing, submarine engineering, military installations, oil and gas explorations, as well as in scientific research. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 14 (3): 286–296.     

济南市孔隙裂隙地热田热储特征及开发利用模式探讨

以济南市孔隙裂隙地热田地质条件为背景,在全面掌握济南市地热勘查情况的基础上,论述了济南市孔隙裂隙热储特征,认为馆陶组热储埋深适中,富水性较强,属于中低温热储,是济南市孔隙裂隙热储层区最为适宜的开采层;而东营组热储层埋藏较深且分布不稳定,部分地区缺失,富水性较差,目前单独成井开采适宜性较差。并根据热储特征及区位优势,对地热资源开发利用模式进行了探讨。     

粤西近岸环流研究进展

粤西近岸环流对粤西乃至北部湾海域的物质输送、水质环境、渔业养殖等都具有重要影响.本研究就粤西沿岸环流(尤其是夏季环流)的基本特征、驱动机制、及其与琼州海峡流关系等方面的研究进展进行了概述,并对存在的问题进行了探讨.前人对粤西沿岸流终年向西以及夏季沿岸流外侧存在气旋式环流等定性特征已达成共识,然而,对环流的主要影响机制以及与琼州海峡流的关系尚有争议,关于环流的定量结果也较为缺乏,还需进行长时间的连续观测以及适合近岸海域的数值模拟.     

西北地区土壤资源特征及其开发利用与保护

在分析西北地区土壤分布规律的基础上,研究了不同类型区土壤的资源特征及其在开发利用中存在的问题,认为黄土地区土壤土质疏松、粉砂含量高、富含碳酸钙是水土流失的物质基础;干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤资源的性能低劣、绿洲区水土资源的利用比例失调是造成土地荒漠化、土壤盐渍化的根本原因;而高原土壤的粗骨性、土层浅薄、有效肥力低则加速了草场的退化和沙漠化.提出了西北地区土壤资源的合理利用与生态环境保护相协调的途经,即搞好农田基本建设,采用旱作技术节水和合理用水,扩大林草植被,保护天然草场和林木.并认为西北土壤资源的开发利用要在充分发挥其生产潜力的同时,首先应遵循生态规律,开发与保护并重,防止土壤资源衰竭和破坏.     

邹平市北部平原区地下水资源评价及开采潜力分析

邹平市北部平原区孔隙水分布广泛且南北差异较大,摸清邹平市地下水资源储量,进行开采潜力分析,提出解决水资源供需矛盾和合理开发利用地下水资源的现实措施,对邹平市合理高效开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。为推动邹平市地下水合理高效开发利用,本文利用地下水均衡原理,对区内浅层及深层孔隙水进行资源量计算,并对浅层地下水开发利用潜力进行分区。分析表明,邹平市地下水分布较为不均,存在"南超北余"不均匀分布的现状。调整开采布局的原则是以环境地质问题为约束条件,并最大限度地发挥地下水资源潜力。遵循以调控浅层地下水合理水位为中心的资源开发利用总方针,依据浅层地下水开采资源潜力和开采现状等,主要分为强化开采、稳定开采、控制开采、补源开采和半咸水改造利用5个大区。     

The origin,historical variations,and distribution of heavy metals in the Qiongzhou Strait and nearby marine areas

We analyzed heavy metal concentrations in a number of surface sediments and cores from the Qiongzhou Strait and surrounding marine areas.The areas of high concentrations are primarily outside the eastern mouth of the Qiongzhou Strait and on the west side of the Leizhou Peninsula,whereas the areas of low concentrations are located primarily in the eastern Qiongzhou Strait.The maximum Cd,Pb and Zn concentrations in the samples collected in our study do not exceed the official standards for marine sediments,whereas the concentrations of Cr and Cu slightly exceed the standards.Correlations exist between the concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Cd,and the concentrations of these metals are positively correlated with the mean particle size(φ value),indicating that the finer sediments have adsorbed greater amounts of heavy metal elements than the coarser sediments.An evaluation of the potential environmental risks demonstrates that certain indices of heavy metal pollution and environmental risks are relatively low and may be assigned low risk levels,thereby indicating that,in terms of heavy metals,the marine sedimentary environment in this region is only mildly impacted.Our analysis of the contaminant origins shows that the heavy metals in this region primarily originate in the Pearl River Estuary and that a small amount of them is derived from local runoff.The elevated heavy metal concentrations from the upper sections of the cores started 130 years ago,which indicats that heavy metals in the surface sediments are primarily due to human activities associated with industrialization.     

Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

ＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＩＤＡＬＦＬＡＴＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＳＵＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥ,ＣＨＩＮＡ①ＨｕａｎｇＱｉａｏｈｕａ（黄巧华）１ＣｈｅｎＦａｎｇ（陈方）１,２ＺｈｕＤａｋｕｉ（朱大奎）１１...     

菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用潜力分析

对菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源潜力进行了分析,采用地下水开采潜力指数法来分析开采程度的强弱,判定其开采潜力。全区浅层地下水尚处于正均衡状态,属有开采潜力区。为保持区内地下水资源的可持续利用,将全区按照科学合理的采、补、控、改等原则分为增源区、增采区、节水区和咸水改造利用区分区。