西北地区土壤资源特征及其开发利用与保护

在分析西北地区土壤分布规律的基础上,研究了不同类型区土壤的资源特征及其在开发利用中存在的问题,认为黄土地区土壤土质疏松、粉砂含量高、富含碳酸钙是水土流失的物质基础;干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤资源的性能低劣、绿洲区水土资源的利用比例失调是造成土地荒漠化、土壤盐渍化的根本原因;而高原土壤的粗骨性、土层浅薄、有效肥力低则加速了草场的退化和沙漠化.提出了西北地区土壤资源的合理利用与生态环境保护相协调的途经,即搞好农田基本建设,采用旱作技术节水和合理用水,扩大林草植被,保护天然草场和林木.并认为西北土壤资源的开发利用要在充分发挥其生产潜力的同时,首先应遵循生态规律,开发与保护并重,防止土壤资源衰竭和破坏.

Characteristics of soil resources and development and protection in the Northwest region

On the basis of soil distribution in the Northwest region, the effects of soil resources characteristics on development and utilization of different type soil are studied in this paper. The results indicate that loose testure, high silt content and high calcium carbonate content in soil are the material base of water and soil loss in loess area; and basic reasons of desertification and soil salinization are bad capability of desert soil resource which spreads vastly in arid Northwest area, and utilization of water and soil resource out of proportion in oasis; and coarse texture, thin layer and low fertility of soil aggravate grass land degradation and desertification. The ways of reasonable exploitation of the soil resources coordinating ecological environment are put forward. These ways are doing well capital construction on farmland, applying drought resistant farming techniques, making rational utilization of water resource, expanding forest and grass vegetation, and protecting natural grass and forest. While making exploitation potential of soils, ecological regulations must be followed first. Development is laid equal stress on with protection, and deterioration of soil resources are prevented at the same time.