氡气测量在佳木斯城市地下热水普查的应用

在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素.通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用.通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区.     

室内氡的危害及防治

室内氡是何物？氡气也。氡,其元素符号Rn222^86,即在元素周期表中序数为86,其原子量为222,它是唯一的无色无味具放射性的气体,俗称“氡气”。在自然界中,锕(AC)、钍(Th)、镭(Ra)3种元素放射性的蜕变都产生氡。如镭在不断地衰变出氡,原则上只有在镭的5至6个半衰期后,也就是1万年后,镭消失了,氡才会随之消失。     

黔东松桃-黄平地区上震旦统-下寒武统留茶坡组放射性影响评价

通过综合分析研究黔东松桃-黄平地区上震旦统-下寒武统留茶坡组地层γ辐射测量、土壤氡气测量和天然放射性元素含量等资料,调查本区放射性水平。结果表明:研究区留茶坡组地层岩矿样、土壤样和拣矿样中放射性核素~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra、~(40)K与贵州省土壤放射性核素背景值、我国土壤放射性核素背景值对比绝大多数均较低。通过单因子指数法对研究区放射性水平污染情况进行评价,绝大多数为无污染区,极少部分为重度污染。据水样中放射性水平与我国自来水标准相比较,多数低于我国自来水标准。     

放射性γ能谱测量在住宅区的应用

氡是自然界天然存在的放射性气体,主要有222Rn、220Rn等放射性同位素,前者来自238U放射性系列,后者来自232Th放射性系列,它们是产生环境辐射的主要来源。环境辐射主要有两大类,一是伽玛射线辐射,它们主要对人体产生伽玛射线外照射,当人们长期生活居住在高水平的伽玛辐射环境中,会影响机体的血液等敏感器官的功能;另一类是放射性气体氡,它会随着人们的呼吸进入体内,长期生活在高浓度氡的环境中,会影响机体内部的功能。放射性核素属于造岩元素,是与地球的形成和运行共生的,它们广泛存在于岩石、土壤、空气和水中。它们一般含量极低,不会对人类造成危害,但当它们相对集中和富集达到一定限度时,就会有损人体的健康。     

济南—淄博—泰安地区地表伽玛辐射特征及环境影响评价

通过对济南—淄博—泰安地区地表γ辐射和土壤放射性核素测量,深入研究了其放射性特征、分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区地表γ辐射剂量率平均值为53.94nGy/h,变化范围为7.00～216.00nGy/h;226 Ra放射性比活度平均值为23.36Bq/kg,232 Th放射性比活度平均值为34.70Bq/kg,40 K放射性比活度平均值为539.36Bq/kg,均低于山东省平均值;研究区内土壤样品天然放射性核素放射性比活度分析结果总体水平不高。地质背景决定地面γ辐射剂量率值,同时环境因素对其剂量率也存在一定影响。研究区年有效剂量当量为0.33mSv,低于公众照射年剂量当量限值1.0mSv,人居环境基本不受影响。     

麻城-团风断裂带土氡特征及活动性研究

对麻城-团风断裂带的土氡（Rn）浓度进行测量,并与该区域地质剖面进行对比,探讨麻城-团风断裂带的位置、规模和产状等基本特征。结果表明,断裂带整体走向北北东,穿过阎家河镇和夫子河镇,大致倾向西,倾角较陡,破碎带宽度达数十m至100 m。基于实测土氡数据和现有的土氡断裂活动性评价方法认为,麻城-团风断裂带现今具有较强的活动性。断裂带土氡异常呈现出北强南弱的特征,推测其原因为：1）麻城-团风断裂带活动性自北向南有减弱的趋势;2）麻城6.0级地震增大了近震区氡气的逸散速率。     

从He同位素组成探讨塔里木盆地与东部诸含油气盆地天然气的成气机制

通过天然气中He同位素组成来研究天然气的成气机制。用VG-5400静态真空质谱计测定了采自塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气的He同位素,其He/4He=2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8,R/Ra=0.019～0.059Ra,平3均值为0.031Ra,而我国东部几个主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30Ra。He同位素组成对比研究表明,东部含油气盆地成烃作用是在幔源热流驱动下热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的,而塔里木盆地成烃热源则主要是盆地地热增温热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的。     

云南昌宁柯街断裂带温泉水化学特征

通过对柯街断裂带上2个温泉(梁园温泉和大地温泉)水样的阴阳离子分析,正确划分了温泉水的水化学类型;同位素
数据表明,2个样品的δD和δ18O值均在大气降水线附近,且未显示δ18O值向右漂移现象,说明该区地下热水具有现代大气降水
的氢氧同位素组成特征,推断温泉形成与火山、岩浆型热源没有直接关系。大气降水的同位素组成与海拔高程之间的耦合关系,
证明了地下热水补给源区位于西部山区;通过采用SiO₂ 温标计算得出了温泉的热储温度和热水循环深度。梁园温泉热储温度为
100.1℃,热水循环深度是1643.3m,大地温泉热储温度为79.8℃,热水循环深度是1237.2m。柯街断裂带的构造特征及岩性特
征与地下热水的水化学组成、深循环机制和冷热水的混合机制有着本质的联系。      

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8min,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～ 50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8rain,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites