居民对海岛旅游影响感知的实证研究

采用实地考察、问卷调查与访谈的方法对我国旅游型海岛东山岛进行调查发现,当地居民对旅游影响的正面感知较强,突出表现在旅游经济影响方面,反映了当地旅游业发展处于起步阶段;居民对旅游的负面影响感知较弱,反映了当地经济转型时期居民对旅游业的期望较高;居民人口统计学的差异对旅游影响感知总体差异不大,但在某些方面存在一定差异。     

基于环境感知的旅游型海岛和谐人地关系研究——以台湾海峡西岸鼓浪屿、湄洲岛为例

旅游型海岛人地关系和谐发展是全球关注的热点,立足于居民环境感知的视角,从基层、微观层面分析旅游型海岛人地关系状况、存在问题与解决途径。以台湾海峡西岸旅游型海岛鼓浪屿、湄洲岛为例,结合实地考察与问卷调查,探寻其人地关系和谐发展的路径,结果显示:鼓浪屿与湄洲岛人地关系的发展存在差异性,旅游因素明显推动海岛人地关系发展;旅游型海岛人地关系处于转型时期,需要对海岛居民生产方式、旅游业发展、生态环境变化进行动态监测和调整。     

城市街道景观色彩对游客情感感知影响——基于街景图像的研究

街道是城市旅游的重要吸引物,探讨街道景观色彩特征对游客情感感知的影响,对城市街道景观合理规划和布局具有重要的参考价值。本研究以西安市主要建成区为案例地,运用全卷积神经网络（FCN）和随机森林（RF）算法,构建街景图像情感感知数据集,基于街景图像利用机器学习对街道景观的色彩特征进行提取,构建色彩量化指标并将其进行空间可视化;最后,运用随机森林回归算法探讨街道景观色彩特征与游客情感感知之间的关系,并得出最佳色彩特征参数。结果表明：(1)游客情感感知具有明显的空间分布格局,美丽和活泼情感由中心区域向外逐渐增加,安全和富有在主城区外二环以内区域得分较高,无聊在该范围内则较低,压抑情感由中心区域向外逐渐降低,游客在非惯常环境中的情感感知与居民在惯常环境中的情感感知在空间分布上具有一定的同质性;(2)街道景观色彩特征与游客情感感知呈现出复杂的非线性关系。色彩复杂度对美丽和活泼的影响小于色彩协调度,对无聊、压抑、安全、富有的影响大于色彩协调度,当色彩复杂度取值为0.86,色彩协调度取值为0.84时,游客在六个维度可以获得较好的情感感知;(3)一般情况下,街道景观色彩特征越显著,越能够带给游客较好的情...     

海岛行政价值观及其形成机理研究

海岛行政价值观是海岛实践活动主体对海岛行政系统存在价值的基本看法和根本观点。海岛行政价值观是价值观认知主体和外界条件相互作用的结果,主要包括形成过程及其影响因素两部分。海岛行政价值观的形成过程是海岛行政价值观主体对海岛行政价值的内化过程,表现为价值感知、理解、认同、选择、整合等主观认知过程。海岛行政价值观形成的影响因素既包括海洋实践活动、海洋经济基础等决定性因素,也包括海岛行政主体意识和海岛行政客体状况等内部影响因素,还包括海洋文化、海洋国际环境、海洋历史传承和海洋地理位置等外部影响因素。海岛行政价值观的形成需要从海洋政治、经济、文化、历史等方面采取措施进行创造性干预,充分发挥价值观的服务、指导和修正作用。     

基于多源数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估方法

用户生成内容（User Generated Content,UGC）作为感知旅游地物质空间的新型地理大数据,以使用者的视角描绘了旅游地的客观环境,是探索旅游目的地感知的重要途径。然而,传统的旅游研究对旅行摄影照片处理能力有限,深度学习图像语义分割技术的发展,为挖掘旅游者视觉行为模式,探索旅游地环境感知提供了有力支持。本研究提出了整合在线旅行照片大数据与问卷调查小数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估框架,并将其应用于鼓浪屿案例。首先将744条旅游轨迹,聚类为6类视觉行为模式,并可视化与时空分析;其次基于全卷积网络算法,量化22 507张旅行照片语义,探索不同视觉模式的旅游者关注要素的空间分异;最后通过照片语义与场景感知问卷调查的相关性分析和多重线性回归模型,评估旅游地整体视觉感知满意度,并提出相应的空间优化建议。研究表明：① 鼓浪屿旅游者视觉行为模式聚类为单点游、海岛风光游、环岛游、街巷空间游、遗产建筑游和全岛游6类;② 不同视觉行为模式的旅游者视觉兴趣区存在空间集聚现象,视觉空间转移遵循地理邻近效应;③ 相关性分析与模型结果表明,旅游者偏好空间开敞度较高的区域,感知满意度越低的区域摄影行为越少,是环境提升的重点;④ 出行时间和成本效率最大化、建成环境、心理环境与社会环境是影响旅游者视觉感知的主要因素。本研究延伸了人工智能技术在旅游者视觉感知研究中的应用,为旅游地空间优化提供参考。     

旅游景点间细粒度语义交互作用挖掘及模式分析：以云南省为例

研究旅游景点语义交互及交互作用模式,对根据游客需求优化旅游格局有重要意义。现有语义交互挖掘方法忽略了文本中包含人感知信息的上下文词汇;此外,缺少以景点交互为单位分析交互作用模式的研究。为此,本文提出了一个景点间细粒度语义交互作用挖掘和模式分析框架。首先抽取文本中景点交互的语境;然后利用TF-IDF关键词抽取和语义网络分析方法,从讨论焦点和语义结构角度挖掘景点间细粒度的语义交互作用;最后结合Spearman秩相关系数、Graph Kernel图相似度度量方法和网络分析方法,分析语义交互作用模式。以云南省2018年游记数据进行实例分析,结果表明：① 利用本文提出的框架可以挖掘和分析各个景点间细粒度的语义交互作用,辅助有关部门结合游客意见提升旅游体验;可以分析语义交互作用模式,发现优化旅游格局的关键路线片段;② 苍山-洱海应着重提升自然风光体验;而大理古城-洱海应考虑改善游客对品牌旅游资源关注不足的问题;③ 云南省单核心集聚型、单核心辐射型、多区域合作型景点语义交互模式共存,呈现出点轴渐进扩散特征。可利用中介中心性较高且跨区域的景点交互,推动其他2种模式向多区域合作型转化,推进全域旅游战略实施。本文研究可为旅游路线推荐以及平衡旅游格局提供参考。     

地质与文化视野下的地质公园建设——以河南省为例

<正>地质是山水的身躯,文化是山水的灵魂,地质和文化是山水的形象与气质,是地质公园地质旅游的主体吸引物。地质公园的发展愿景是:"地质遗迹、景观得到游客高度关注;具有地学背景的特色文化得到彰显;科学解说将地质、生态、文化融为一体;地学旅游得到有序开展;公众能够自发保护不可再生的地质遗迹;中小学生在这里能够学到科学知识。"     

基于非线性动力学模型的旅游生态容量分析

近年来,大量增加的游客给景区的旅游生态容量带来了较大的压力,矛盾日渐突出。为了实现景区的环境保护与可持续发展,研究游客活动量与景区旅游生态容量之间的关系是十分必要的。本文从非线性动力学观点出发,构建二者非线性动力学模型,并进行平衡态分析。研究结果表明:(1)系统要达到可持续发展,必须建立在景区环境的自我更新能力及人工恢复程度之和大于外界污染水平,且游客的增长率必须保持在较低水平的基础上;(2)景区旅游生态容量的承载力是有限的,所能容纳的游客也是有限的,超过一定的限度就会引起生态系统失衡。采取严格控制游客量,加强对景区内外环境的保护和改善、提升游客素养等措施,对于系统的协调发展至关重要。     

基于复杂网络的鼓浪屿旅游街区关联规则识别与特征分析

基于复杂网络分析游客空间行为并挖掘旅游街区之间的关联特征,可以发现用地与功能之间显性和隐性的关联规则,精准识别旅游区用地空间结构,深入掌握旅游区发展现状,为智慧旅游与土地精细化转型提供支撑。本研究以世界文化遗产鼓浪屿为例,基于LBS大数据,使用复杂网络构建游客空间行为网络,利用关联规则分析重要节点的关联特征,进而使用用户画像数据,分析基于不同性别、年龄和客源地游客空间行为的街区关联规则。研究发现,“复杂网络+关联规则”算法可以挖掘游客随机行为中的隐藏规律,有效剖析旅游街区之间显性和隐性的关联规则。在游客空间行为轨迹网络中,各街区兼具“中心”与“枢纽”作用。既服务于本地游客又服务于外地游客的热门旅游街区表现出强关联规则。对外地游客具有较强吸引力的热门景点表现出较高的支持度,具有特色的旅游设施用地表现出较高的提升度。具有同质性的旅游街区之间关联性较强,人口特征差异对旅游街区关联规则影响显著。本研究可为城市更新背景下的旅游区用地整合、结构优化和游览线路调整提供决策参考,对于构建智慧旅游体系具有现实意义。     

山东莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园规划编制探讨

莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园以地层剖面和古生物化石为特色,地质遗迹类型包括地层剖面、古生物化石、地貌景观、水体景观等。该文探讨了公园规划的具体思路,着重从公园的范围、目标定位、总体布局和功能分区,地质遗迹保护,解说系统,科普与旅游等方面进行了讨论。认为公园范围的界定应考虑地质遗迹的集中度和管理的方便性;目标定位要结合资源特征和全省的大旅游格局;总体布局要考虑公园地质遗迹的集中度和空间分布;功能分区以最大程度发挥地质公园的功能为目标;地质遗迹的保护要在专家委员会的指导下分级分类实施;解说系统发挥着重要的科普功能,要通俗易懂,寓教于乐且与环境协调一致;要大力发展面向中小学生的乡土科普活动和面向游客的专项科普活动,规划专门的科普旅游路线;旅游发展要突出公园的地学文化特色,科学设计旅游产品,从地质遗迹保护和开发利用的角度,提出了进一步发展公园的建议。     

RESIDENTS＇ ATTITUDES TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT VILLAGE RESORTS——Case Study of World Cultural Heritage of Xidi and Hong Villages

Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents‘ attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents‘ perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents‘ attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents‘ attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents‘ attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents‘ attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents‘ attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.     

Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park： A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park, Hangzhou, China

Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management. As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts. This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park. By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists. In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors. Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations. Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park. Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks. Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.     

基于数字高程模型的旅游地文化景观语义感知分析 ——以清西陵选址文化为例

 景观感知对旅游地规划设计具有基础性作用,但人文旅游地内部的景观感知空间分异至今没有微观尺度上的研究方法出现。本文提出了景观视角分组基础上的景观语义特征点抽象方法,并建立了单文化景观和多文化景观语义感知度计算模型,以解决人文类型旅游地内部景观感知的强度空间分异计算问题。利用数字高程模型,在清西陵旅游地实现了文化景观语义感知度的实证研究:以中国传统的皇家陵寝选址文化及其表征的封建等级体系为语义准则,提取了4个代表性陵墓文化景观不同景观视角下的78个特征点,并赋予不同景观视角及每个特征点相应权重系数;利用视域分析、叠置分析等方法计算得到旅游地景观文化感知度;尝试利用感知度计算结果对现有观光线路进行观景点语义挖掘并设计了优化方案。论文为人文地理学景观感知定量化表达提供了思路,为旅游地规划、景观与线路设计等提供了技术途径。     

Tourist preferences for agricultural landscapes: a case study of terraced paddy fields in Noto Peninsula,Japan

Many agricultural landscapes have been formed through the interaction and co-evolution of nature and people, and represent the living landscapes shaped over time through intensive and continuous human cultivation. Terraced paddy fields are being re-evaluated to take into account the multiple functions they fill beyond only rice cultivation, particularly their contribution to the national biodiversity strategy of Japan. Since the 1990s, terraced paddy fields have been considered a representative cultural landscape of Japan and, at the same time, multi-stakeholder conservation activities have been conducted throughout Japan to reverse the increasing abandonment of terraces. Shiroyone Senmaida is an outstanding cultural landscape and a major tourist attraction in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, which was designated through an initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) pilot site in 2011. It is important to clarify tourist preference for terraced paddy field landscapes to contribute to future policy making toward improved agricultural landscape conservation. A key finding of this study is that tourists visiting to enjoy the agricultural landscape are also concerned on the sustainability of the farming methods and preferred to maintain the naturalness of the landscape. Respondents with higher educational levels and greater concern for the biological and traditional farming knowledge aspects of the rice terraces were also more inclined to favor sustainable farming practices. Tourists preferred to maintain the naturalness and rurality of the agricultural landscape, and indicated that construction of excessive tourist facilities would cause the landscape to deteriorate. It was suggested that the local community and surroundings, including rural settlements, hills, and forests, should also be conserved together with the scenic terrace.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESORT LIFE CYCLE AND RESIDENTS＇ PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE -A Case Study of Putuo Mountain

The change in residents‘ perception and attitude and resort life cycle are the basic problems in the course of resort evolution. This thesis sets up the dynamic model of residents‘perception and attitude, analyzes the linkage between residents‘ perception and attitude and the influential factors of resort life cycle, and finally, with a case study of Putuo Mountain, preliminarily discusses the relationship between resort life cycle and residents‘perception and attitude. The research findings show that, although within development stage of life cycle, Putuo Mountain has already presented some signs of mature stage. The on-the-spot survey also indicates that, the local residents‘ positive perception is stronger than their negative perception. But compared with residents in some other coastal resorts such as Haikou and Sanya, negative perception of residents in Putuo Mountain is more evident, as the result of the smaller tourism carrying capacity in Putuo Mountain. There are some influential factors that have great impact on tourism carrying capacity in Putuo Mountain: tourist-resident number ratio, residents‘ benefit-cost ratio and characteristics of tourism resources. And the less influential factors are residents‘ demographic character, tourist behavioral character and cultural differences between local residents and tourists. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to adjust the structure of tourism product for the purpose of expanding tourism carrying capacity, lowering its pressure, lessening residents‘ environmental cost and enhancing their positive perception, which is the most essential prerequisite for the maturation of life cycle in Putuo Mountain.