热带次表层海温对中国东部夏季气候的影响

热带海洋热状况是影响中国气候变化的主要因子之一,为了研究热带次表层海温如何影响中国气候,通过相关计算和合成分析等方法讨论了热带太平洋至印度洋次表层海温异常对中国东部夏季降水和温度的影响。结果表明:当冬季赤道东印度洋至西太平洋次表层海温偏暖(偏冷),中印度洋和东太平洋次表层海温偏冷(偏暖),夏季,长江中下游地区降水偏少(偏多),华南、华北和东北大部地区降水偏多(偏少);中国东部大范围高温(低温)。其可能的影响途径为,东亚夏季风环流对热带次表层海温异常的响应导致了其年际变化,进而引起中国东部夏季气候的异常分布。     

川渝冬季降水的年际变化及其与海温异常的关系

为了认识川渝冬季降水与海温之间的关系,利用川渝地区44个站点降水资料和海表温度资料并借助EOF分解、小波分析和相关分析等方法,讨论了川渝冬季年际降水变化特征及其与前期海温异常之间的关系。结果表明：川渝冬季年际降水空间分布主要有3个类型,EOFl型为川渝冬季降水的一致偏多（偏少）,EOF2型为川渝西南部、东部降水偏少（偏多）,而川渝地区西北部、中部降水偏多（偏少）;EOF3型为川渝西南部降水偏多（偏少）,而东北部降水偏少（偏多）;EOF1型和EOF2型降水与前期海温的相关明显小于EOF3型并较为分散,EOF3型降水与前期夏季、秋季海温在热带中、东太平洋和印度洋中、北部呈现非常显著的正相关,对应ENSO特征非常明显。     

冬季北太平洋SST与西太平洋副高的相关性

采用英国Hadley中心1974-2006年逐月的北太平洋海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR的北半球500hPa和1000hPa高度场资料,利用一元回归和相关分析等统计方法,研究各月北太平洋海温的变化特征、探讨冬季西北太平洋海温关键区,然后分析关键区海温与气象场的联系.结果表明,北太平洋海温变率较大的地方出现在我国东部的西北太平洋地区,年代际变化为上升趋势;海温与前一年12月和同期1月500hPa位势高度场的相关最好.表现为冬季东亚大槽对关键区海温的显著影响.1月关键区海温与后期5-6月西太平洋副高存在较显著的正相关,即1月关键区海温升高,同年5-6月副高亦加强,即反映冬季北太平洋SST对西太平洋副高的影响.     

贵州高原1960-2016年降水变化特征及重心转移分析

利用贵州高原34个气象站1960-2016年共57 a的降水资料,基于协同克里金法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、气候倾向率、重心模型等方法分析了贵州高原降水在不同时间尺度下的时空分布规律以及降水重心的转移趋势。结果表明：① 贵州高原多年平均降水量呈现南多北少特征。在南部与东部存在3个多雨中心,分别位于西南暖湿气流的北上通道（兴义-安顺一带）、苗岭山脉的迎风坡（都匀-独山一带）以及武陵山脉的迎风坡（铜仁–松桃一带）;少雨区位于乌蒙山脉背风坡的威宁–毕节一带。② 1960-2016年降水量年代变化呈现出波动性,2010s的降水变异性最大,1990s的降水变异性最小;年际变化较为剧烈,呈不显著减少的趋势,在空间上呈现中部西部减少、东部增加的趋势;降水季节差异显著,春季、秋季降水显著减少,夏季、冬季的降水不明显增加;各月降水变化情况不同,1、3月降水增加最明显,4月降水下降最明显。③ 降水重心呈西南-东北向分布,有明显的东移趋势。贵州高原降水量的减少可能与西南季风的减弱有关。研究结果对贵州地区水资源配置及洪涝灾害预防具有重要意义。     

500hPa高度场与中国西北春季降水量的耦合特征

对近 35年 ( 1961～ 1995 )春季西北降水量和同期与前期冬季的北半球 5 0 0hPa高度场进行奇异值分解 (SVD) ,得到了同期和前期 5 0 0hPa高度场与西北区春季降水场的高相关区域 ,分析两场之间的耦合关系 ,寻找出有预报意义的环流特征和关键区     

青藏高原夏季200hPa西风变化特征及其与降水的关系

为了加强高原高空西风变化及其与降水关系的研究,利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料及中国160个测站月降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、小波分析、相关分析等方法,对青藏高原夏季200hPa西风近几十年的变化特征及其与中国降水的关系进行分析。结果表明:自1948年青藏高原夏季200hPa西风整体呈现显著增强趋势;且高原西风在20世纪50年代前期偏弱,在50年代中后期开始增强,并在80年代出现近62年的最大值,90年代末高原高空西风略有减弱,但不明显;小波分析表明高原200hPa西风具有2~4a的周期,且这一周期成分在50年代及70年代末至80年代前期这两个时段比较显著;高原西风的突变分析表明在1954年发生了一次较明显的增强突变。高原夏季200hPa西风与中国降水关系的分析表明:高原西风增强时在长江流域以北的中国大部分地区降水偏多,以江淮流域、川渝地区西部和东部省界以及中国西北、东北的部分地区表现显著,长江流域以南的大部分地区降水偏少,其中华南沿海及中国西南地区西南部降水偏少更加明显,降水场与大气环流有较好的配置关系。     

青藏高原东部土壤湿度变化及其与中国降水的关系

为进一步了解高原土壤湿度变化及其与中国降水的关系,利用青藏高原东部地区1991～2012年22个站10cm、20cm、50cm 3个层次的土壤相对湿度观测资料,分析高原东部地区土壤湿度的时空分布特征.同时利用全国1992～2012年的降水资料与1992～2011年的土壤相对湿度资料,采用求相关系数的方法分析高原东部土壤湿度与全国降水的关系.结果表明:(1)西藏东部土壤相对湿度由东至西呈递减趋势.(2)10cm土层较干,20cm土层的相对湿度是3层中最大的,50cm土壤的湿度变化较为平缓;表层土壤湿度变化较明显.21年来,各层土壤湿度呈不明显下降趋势.(3)高原东部地区土壤湿度与中国东部降水有显著关系,若东部高原春季土壤湿度偏湿(干),则江淮流域夏季降水偏少(多).     

青藏高原东部土壤湿度变化及其与中国降水的关系

为进一步了解高原土壤湿度变化及其与中国降水的关系,利用青藏高原东部地区1991~2012年22个站10cm、20cm、50cm 3个层次的土壤相对湿度观测资料,分析高原东部地区土壤湿度的时空分布特征。同时利用全国1992~2012年的降水资料与1992~2011年的土壤相对湿度资料,采用求相关系数的方法分析高原东部土壤湿度与全国降水的关系。结果表明:(1)西藏东部土壤相对湿度由东至西呈递减趋势。(2)10cm土层较干,20cm土层的相对湿度是3层中最大的,50cm土壤的湿度变化较为平缓;表层土壤湿度变化较明显。21年来,各层土壤湿度呈不明显下降趋势。(3)高原东部地区土壤湿度与中国东部降水有显著关系,若东部高原春季土壤湿度偏湿(干),则江淮流域夏季降水偏少(多)。     

不同年代际背景下1963年和1996年华北盛夏降水及其原因的对比分析

为了揭示不同年代际背景下1963年和1996年华北盛夏降水的不同特点及其成因,利用ECWMF逐月再分析资料和中国160站逐月降水等资料,采用合成分析、统计t检验等方法,重点从大气环流和大尺度降水条件方面对比分析1963年和1996年华北盛夏降水产生原因的不同。主要结论如下:1963年华北盛夏降水要多于1996年华北盛夏降水;1963年华北盛夏降水为季风降水,而1996年华北盛夏降水为系统降水;影响1963年华北盛夏降水的中国东部地区500hPa位势高度场的距平分布为"北高南低"型,而影响1996年华北盛夏降水的中国东部500hPa位势高度场的距平分布为"西高东低"型。     

东亚冬季风异常与ENSO事件及其预测意义

通过东亚冬季风强度指数资料,进一步分析了东亚冬季风变化与ＥｌＮｉｎｏ（ＬａＮｉｎａ）之间的密切关系,１９１０～１９９０年２０次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件,有１４次对应前期强的东亚冬季风,１５次ＬａＮｉｎａ事件,有９次对应前期弱的东亚冬季风。应用奇异值分解（ＳＶＤ）技术,得到了前期东亚冬季风与后期ＥｌＮｉｎｏ海区海温的时间和空间结构及其相关关系,其第一模态之间具有明显相关,反映了前期东亚冬季风与后期ＥｌＮｉｎｏ海区海温的非同步关系。指出：前期东亚冬季风异常,通过对海温的影响,对ＥｌＮｉｎｉｏ（ＬａＮｉｎａ）产生作用,强（弱）东亚冬季风有利于ＥｌＮｉｎｏ（ＬａＮｉｎａ）的发生发展。因此,东亚冬季风是一种预测短期灾害性气候异常的前兆信号。     

The modeled atmospheric and oceanic response to the South China Sea SST anomaly

The sensitivity of the global atmospheric and oceanic response to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) throughout the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using the Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model (FOAM). Forced by a warming SST, the experiment explicitly demonstrates that the responses of surface air temperature (SAT) and SST exhibit positive anomalous center over SCS and negative anomalous center over the Northern Pacific Ocean (NPO). The atmospheric response to the warm SST anomalies is characterized by a barotropical anomaly in middle-latitude, leading to a weak subtropical high in summer and a weak Aleutian low in winter. Accordingly, Indian monsoon and eastern Asian monsoon strengthen in summer but weaken in winter as a result of wind convergence owing to the warm SST. It is worth noting that the abnormal signals propagate poleward and eastward away in the form of Rossby Waves from the forcing region, which induces high pressure anomaly. Owing to action of the wind-driven circulation, an anomalous anti-cyclonic circulation is induced with a primary southward current in the upper ocean. An obvious cooling appears over the North Pacific, which can be explained by anomalous meridional cold advection and mixing as shown in the analysises of heat budget and other factors that affect SST.     

Influences of two types of El Ni?o event on the Northwest Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean SST anomalies

Based on the Had ISST1 and NCEP datasets,we investigated the influences of the central Pacific El Ni?o event(CP-EL)and eastern Pacific El Ni?o event(EP-EL)on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST)anomalies of the Tropical Indian Ocean.Considering the remote ef fect of Indian Ocean warming,we also discussed the anticyclone anomalies over the Northwest Pacific,which is very important for the South China precipitation and East Asian climate.Results show that during the El Ni?o developing year of EP-EL,cold SST anomalies appear and intensify in the east of tropical Indian Ocean.At the end of that autumn,all the cold SST anomaly events lead to the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.Basin uniform warm SST anomalies exist in the Indian Ocean in the whole summer of EL decaying year for both CP-and EP-ELs.However,considering the statistical significance,more significant warm SST anomalies only appear in the North Indian Ocean among the June and August of EP-EL decaying year.For further research,EP-EL accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(EPI-EL)and CP El Ni?o accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(CPI-EL)events are classified.With the remote ef fects of Indian Ocean SST anomalies,the EPI-and CPI-ELs contribute quite differently to the Northwest Pacific.For the EPI-EL developing year,large-scale warm SST anomalies arise in the North Indian Ocean in May,and persist to the autumn of the El Ni?o decaying year.However,for the CPI-EL,weak warm SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean maintain to the El Ni?o decaying spring.Because of these different SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean,distinct zonal SST gradient,atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies emerge over the Northwest Pacific in the El Ni?o decaying years.Specifically,the large-scale North Indian Ocean warm SST anomalies during the EPI-EL decaying years,can persist to summer and force anomalous updrafts and rainfall over the North Indian Ocean.The atmospheric heating caused by this precipitation anomaly emulates atmospheric Kelvin waves accompanied by low level easterly anomalies over the Northwest Pacific.As a result,a zonal SST gradient with a warm anomaly in the west and a cold anomaly in the east of Northwest Pacific is generated locally.Furthermore,the atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies over the Northwest Pacific are strengthened again in the decaying summer of EPI-EL.Af fected by the local WindEvaporation-SST(WES)positive feedback,the suppressed East Asian summer rainfall then persists to the late autumn during EPI-EL decaying year,which is much longer than that of CPI-EL.     

Influence of the Eastern Indian Ocean Warm Pool Variability on the Spring Precipitation in China

The relationship between the variability of the Eastern India Ocean Warm Pool （EIWP） and the spring precipitation in China is studied in the paper based on an analysis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） Sea Surface Temperature （SST） data, the reanalysis data of monthly grid wind field at 925 hPa with a resolution of 2.5^＊ latitude and longitude from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR）, and the monthly mean rainfall data from 160 observational stations in China. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the EIWP variability and the spring precipitation in China. The area, volume and intensity indices of the EIWP are negatively correlated with the spring precipitation in southwestern China, while they are positively correlated with the spring precipitation in the rest of China, especially in the northeast. For this correlation between the EIWP variability and the spring precipitation in China, it is found that the correlative relationship is mainly connected with the variations of the moisture transport by the warm air flow, which is under the influence of the EIWP variability, into the inland of China in spring. Two causative factors may influence this transport. One is the variation of the moisture transport carried by the warm air flow from the Arabian Sea influenced by the EIWP variability. The other is the variation of the equator-crossing flow （70^＊-90^＊E） influenced by the EIWP anomaly in the previous winter which exerts its effect on the moist warm air transported from the Southern Hemisphere. The position and intensity of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High （WNPSH） variability caused by EIWP variation also influence the spring precipitation in China.     

四川巴中地区38年来气候变化特征分析

利用1971—2008年巴中地区4个站点的地面常规观测资料和滑动平均、MK法及MHF小波分析等统计诊断方法,分析了该地区降水和温度的年际、年代际的气候变化特征。结果表明：巴中地区的年均气温总体上表现出暖→冷→暖3个阶段,并呈现出8年的准周期变化特征;冬春气温的年代际变化显示出暖→冷→暖3个阶段性特征,而夏秋气温的年代际变化则显示出暖→冷→暖→冷4个阶段性特征。巴中地区的年降水量呈现出减少的趋势,递减率为13．813mm／10年;春季降水量低于全国的春季平均水平,夏、秋季平均降水量均高于全国的平均水平,且占到全年降水量的80％以上。巴中地区的年降水量存在较为显著的2年和6年的准周期变化,降水量增加和减少的突变较多显示出其复杂性。春、夏、秋三季的降水量有随温度升高而下降的趋势,而冬季的降水量有随温度的升高先增多后减少的趋势。巴中气候特征的分析对巴中农业区划和生产安排有其重要意义。     

东亚副热带西风急流的时间演变特征及其与中国东部夏季降水的关系

为深入了解东亚副热带西风急流与中国天气系统之间的联系,利用1961-2007年美国国家环境预报中心（NCAR／NCEP）再分析月资料和同期中国596站的降水资料,运用经一纬向急流轴和区域平均两种定义方法分析了西风急流的时间演变特征及其与中国东部降水型的关系,结果表明：（1）两种方法对西风急流东西、南北位置转折时段的分析很接近,分别出现在20世纪80年代和70年代;对西风急流强度、南北位置周期的表征也很一致,分别为10-15年和5-10年。（2）当西风急流位置偏北（南）时,东部地区整层大气环流呈“南北上升中间下沉（南北下沉中间上升）”的形势,850hPa的流场和水汽通量输送都有利于华北地区（江淮河流）的降水,易于形成“南北多中间少（南北少中间多）”的雨带分布,推测这两种反相位雨型的间隔时间为2．5-5年;相比之下,急流东西位置和强度的周期性变化与东部局地降水存在一定联系。     

Interannual oscillation of meridional sea level wind and its impact on sea surface temperature in the South China Sea

Analysis of COADS data (1958–1987) showed that there is obviously interannual SST oscillation including QBO (Quasi-biennial oscillation) and quasi-3.5 year oscilation, etc., of the SCS (South China Sea), which is the response of the upper mixed layer of the sea to the impact of the East Asian Monsoon anomaly. Most SST anomalies appear in the central basin of the SCS. The phase-locked phenomena linking the SST annual cycle and interannual oscillation is an important characteristic of the SCS climate. There is not only SST response to atmospheric impact, but also feedback to the air. The authors put forward a scheme of regional air-sea interaction in winter time in the SCS. Project 49676276 supported by NSFC and also supported by FSEC.     

INTERANNUAL OSCILLATION OF MERIDIONAL SEA LEVEL WID AND ITS IMPACT ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

INTRODUCTIONTheSouthChinaSea(Srs),nearthewestedgeofthetropicalwestPade,istheoTilyquasi-endotaldeepbasinintheworid,hasa相似文献   

Anomalies of asian summer monsoon related to ssta in the south China Sea and the tropical pacific

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ(ＳＣＳ)ｉｓａｐａｒｔｌｙ ｅｎｃｌｏｓｅｄｏｃｅａｎｂａｓｉｎｏｖｅｒｌａｉｄｂｙａｐｒｏｎｏｕｎｃｅｄｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗｉｎｄ .Ｐａｓｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ (Ｃｈｅｎｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;ＤｉｎｇａｎｄＭｕｒａｋａｍｉ,1 994 ;Ｙａｎ ,1 997;ＬｉａｎｇＢｉｑｉ,1 991 ;ＬｉａｎｇＪｉａｎｙｉｎ ,1 991 )ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｔｈａｔａｈｕｇｅｗａｒｍｗａｔｅｒｐｏｏｌｊｏｉｎｔｌｙｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃ ,ｅａ…     

Impact of climatic change on sea surface temperature variation in Subei coastal waters,East China

Sea surface temperature （SST） variation in the Subei coastal waters, East China, which is important for the ecological environment of the Yellow Sea where Enteromorphaprolifera blooms frequently, is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, El Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. In this study, correlations between climatic events and SST anomalies （SSTA） around the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, East China） Coast from 1981-2012 are analyzed, using empirical orthogonal function （EOF） and correlation analyses. First, a key region was determined by EOF analysis to represent the Subei coastal waters. Then, coherency analyses were performed on this key region. According to the correlation analysis, the EAWM index has a positive correlation with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region. Furthermore, the Nifio3.4 index is negatively correlated with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region 1 year ahead, and the PDO has significant negative coherency with spring SSTA and negative coherency with summer SSTA in the key region 1 year ahead. Overall, PDO exhibits the most significant impact on SSTA of the key region. In the key region, all these factors are correlated more significantly with SSTA in spring than in summer. This suggests that outbreaks ofEnteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea are affected by global climatic changes, especially the PDO.