氯苯类化合物对水生生物毒性的构效关系的量子化学研究

应用CNDO/2量子化学方法计算了12个氯苯类化合物(包括苯分子)的电子结构,并结合相关分析和逐步回归分析方法,探讨了氯苯类化合物电子结构与其对花鳉鱼(Guppy)和发光细菌(MicrotoX)半致死量负对数(DLC50、EC50)之间的定量关系,分别获得氯苯化合物最低空轨道(LUMO)与最高占据轨道(HOMO)的能量差(DELH)与DLC50和EC50之间的线性方程(相关系数分别为0.969和0.937)。结果表明:DELH值越小,即化合物接受电子的能力越强,则氯苯化合物对Guppy和Microtox的毒性就越大,据此可预测氯苯化合物的毒性。     

八种硝基苯类化合物对发光菌的联合毒性

以淡水发光菌青海弧菌为指示生物,VeritasTM微孔板光度计为发光强度测试设备,分别测定了8种硝基苯类化合物及其混合物对发光菌的发光抑制毒性.结果表明8种硝基苯类化合物的剂量-效应关系都可用Weibull模型有效描述,从模型估算的单个化合物的半数效应浓度值,可知对发光菌的毒性大小顺序为邻硝基苯胺＞对硝基苯胺＞对硝基苯酚＞对硝基甲苯＞邻硝基苯酚＞间硝基苯酚＞间硝基苯胺＞硝基苯.按等毒性浓度比方法配制混合物进行联合毒性实验,结果表明这8种硝基苯类化合物对发光菌的联合毒性可用独立作用(IA)预测,独立作用(IA)倾向于高估了它们的联合毒性.     

二噁英类化合物对斑马鱼CYP1 A毒理作用的研究新进展

二噁英类化合物(dioxin-like compounds,DLCs)包括多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-bons,PAHs)中的多氯代二苯对二噁英(polychlori-nated dibenzo-p-dioxins,PCDDs)、多氯代二苯对呋喃(polychlorinated dibenzofurans,PCDFs)及卤代芳香化合物(halogenated aromatic comp     

塔河油田奥陶系原油极性化合物浓度分布及运移趋势

根据原油中的3类极性化合物(烷基咔唑类化合物、烷基二苯并噻吩类化合物和烷基苯酚类化合物)在运移过程中与固
相的吸附机理及其吸附性特征,探讨了这3种极性化合物与固定相通过氢键或者范德华力等作用力而被吸附,并导致原油中极性
化合物浓度随着运移距离的增大逐渐降低的现象。通过对塔河油田22个奥陶系原油样品中3类极性化合物进行定量分析,结果
显示其浓度具有从南向北、从东向西逐渐降低的规律,指示出塔河油田奥陶系原油的运移具有从南部和东部指向主体区的趋势。      

苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼非特异性免疫指标的影响

采用水体中常见污染物——苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼进行刺激,研究不同浓度苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响。奥尼罗非鱼分别暴露于0.005、0.025、0.125、0.625、3.125 mg/L等5个浓度的苯酚中8周,每两周采集抗凝血液和血清,用于检测非特异性免疫指标。结果表明:暴露于低浓度苯酚组(0.005 mg/L和0.025 mg/L)的奥尼罗非鱼NBT(氯化硝基四氮唑蓝)阳性细胞数等非特异性免疫指标相对于对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),中浓度苯酚组(0.125 mg/L和0.625 mg/L)和高浓度苯酚组(3.125mg/L)对罗非鱼非特异性免疫指标的影响存在显著的时间效应和剂量效应(P<0.05),可减少NBT阳性细胞数、抑制超氧化物歧化酶活力和抗菌活力;促使溶菌酶活力和溶菌酶含量先升后降。表明中高浓度苯酚组对奥尼罗非鱼具有明显的免疫毒性。     

卤虫在油田生产水生物毒性监测中的应用

以卤虫(Artemia)龄期和体长为指标,探讨了卤虫幼体在海洋油田生产水中生物毒性监测的应用,评价了油田生产水的生物毒性,建立了以卤虫为材料的油田生产水急性生物毒性试验方法.结果表明1)5个油田生产水样品的生物毒性不一样,IC50分别为1.5%,12%,21%,＞100%,＞100%.样品I、样品Ⅱ、样品Ⅲ可致卤虫不同程度的发育异常,主要表现在生长值较对照组小,发育龄期小于对照组以及分节时体节不能正常分叶.样品Ⅳ和样品V则对卤虫发育没有明显影响.2)卤虫是海洋污染物生物毒性监测的适宜物种,卤虫发育龄期适宜作为油田生产水生物毒性的监测指标.有必要对油田生产水的生物毒性效应进行监测,以合理评估生产水对海洋环境的影响.     

湛江近海域沉积物含氯多环芳烃对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性研究

为探究湛江近海域海洋沉积物中含氯多环芳烃的生物学毒性效应,选取湛江近海域2个地点(TS和JSW)采集样品,以含氯多环芳烃为目标,制备沉积物提取物,将斑马鱼胚胎胚胎暴露于不同浓度的沉积物提取物中,观测供试斑马鱼胚胎的死亡和畸形情况。结果表明:TS采样点沉积物提取物的LC50为15.98 mg/mL(48 h)和14.41mg/mL(96 h),JSW采样点沉积物提取物的LC50为19.89 mg/mL(48 h)和16.36 mg/mL(96 h),且致死效应呈现浓度依赖关系;TS和JSW 2个采样点沉积物中含氯多环芳烃能导致斑马鱼胚胎卵黄囊水肿、心包水肿、脊椎弯曲等致畸效应,其致畸效应与暴露浓度基本呈浓度依赖关系。湛江近海域沉积含氯多环芳烃物提取物对斑马鱼胚胎具有明显的致死作用和致畸毒性。     

亚硝酸氮对红鳍东方鲀的毒性效应

采用半静水生物测试法,研究亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)(9.5⁹.8 g)的急性毒性及对部分肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在急性毒性实验中,亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀的24、48、72和96 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为201.88、190.57、171.09、159.25 mg/L,安全质量浓度为15.92 mg/L;在亚急性毒性实验中,当红鳍东方鲀分别在5.3、10.6,15.9、21.2 mg/L亚硝酸盐氮中暴露4周时,其肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高均被显著抑制,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明亚硝酸盐氮会对鱼体的抗氧化能力产生影响。     

大花细辛挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

通过对大花细辛(Asarummaximum Hemsl)挥发油化学成分研究,探讨其保健和药用机理,为开发和利用大花细辛提供科学依据。用无水乙醇对大花细辛进行提取,并用GC-MS对提取物进行化学成分和相对含量分析共获得86种化合物,其中主要的并具研究价值的有33种,占总化合物的92.68%。其中5-甲基-1,2,3-三甲氧基苯(C10H14O3)的相对含量最高,为23.00%;其次为2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚(C9H10O2),为10.54%。     

盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii次级代谢化学成分

【目的】通过化学诱导方法从一株海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii中获得多样化的活性小分子化合物。【方法】对菌株在盐酸普鲁卡因的化学诱导作用下进行固体发酵,代谢产物采用硅胶减压柱层析、Sephadex LH-20以及pHPLC等手段分离纯化,对化合物运用NMR、MS等波谱学技术并比对文献进行结构鉴定,采用Ellman比色法及DPPH自由基清除法对化合物进行初步抗乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和抗氧化活性测试。【结果】从海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii在盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下的发酵提取物中分离得到4个异黄酮类化合物,包括6'-O-crotonylgenistin(1)、Genistein(2)、Daidzein(3)和Genistin(4),以及对氨基苯甲酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯丙酸(6)和胞嘧啶(7),其中化合物1和6为该种中首次报道,化合物5为生物转化来源首次报道,化合物2~4可能源自培养基。在100μmol/L剂量浓度下,化合物1~4对AChE的抑制以及DPPH自由基的清除活性均较弱,化合物5和6显示了相对强的AChE抑制活性,抑制率分别为40%和38%。【结论】盐酸普鲁卡因对该菌次级代谢产生了显著的影响,为深入研究该菌株化学诱导次级代谢产物提供基础。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

正~~     

Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by