灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)形变预测模型

结合加权非等距GM(1,1)模型与线性回归理论,构建灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型,并给出对模型预测精度起决定性作用的灰指数v和参数m的优化方法。与加权非等距GM(1,1)模型和线性回归预测模型相比,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型的精度更高,预测有效时间更长,模型的稳定性更好。优化v和m后,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型的实用性、稳定性进一步提高。     

非等距GM(1,1)模型在沉降预测中的应用探讨

针对非等距沉降数据序列的建模问题,探讨了3种非等距GM(1,1)模型在沉降预测中的应用。结果显示,加权非等距GM(1,1)模型不适用于具有近似指数趋势的沉降数据,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)模型并非真正的非等距模型,模型预测式与时间无关,不能用于沉降预测,而对于笔者所建立的非等距GM(1,1)模型,其拟合函数等同于灰色线性回归组合模型,可用于近似指数趋势的沉降数据。通过实例分析对比了3种非等距GM(1,1)模型的应用效果,验证了上述观点的正确性。     

用Auto CAD开发信号波形库

本文介绍了一种以AutoLISP程序设计语言,并结合AutoCAD的图块功能和绘图及编辑命令绘制各种周期信号波形以及由函数式定义的特性曲线的途径。所绘图形准确美观,适用于科技论文出版和教学绘图用。文中给出了两个绘制信号波形的Au-toLISP程序例,同时给出了几种信号波形和特性曲线的绘图实例。     

勘探线方位变化较大时矿体垂直纵投影图作图法探讨

本文对矿体走向发生较大变化(大于15°)时,矿体可以完整的投绘在同一张垂直纵投影图上的主要依据进行了论述,探讨了具体作图方法。弥补了现有许多院校所编教科书中对此问题采取分段投影,使之各自平行于各段矿体走向的作图法之不足,使矿体垂直纵投影图作图法趋于完善。     

测井曲线自动识别处理系统的设计与实现

介绍了测井曲线自动识别处理系统的设计实现过程;论述了人机交互,曲线数据处理问题的解决方法;介绍了将沃希变换应用在测井曲线分层中的方法,并给出了相应的实例.     

邵阳地区不同压实度的膨胀土抗剪强度特性研究

膨胀土路基的稳定性与其抗剪强度密切相关,通过直剪试验研究不同压实度膨胀土抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,膨胀土粘聚力和内摩擦角均随压实度的增加而增加,近似线性变化。正应力和压实度与抗剪强度成正相关。对于相同的压实度,在正应力较小时表现为应变软化,正应力较大时表现为应变硬化。在确定抗剪强度设计值时,建议对于软化型曲线,其抗剪强度可取残余强度作为设计强度;对于硬化型曲线,可取曲线曲率明显变化点或剪切位移为1.0~1.5 mm对应的剪应力作为膨胀土抗剪强度设计值。     

优化背景值的非等间距线性时变参数GM(1,1)幂模型在变形监测中的应用

为弥补传统GM(1,1)幂模型背景值等权构造的缺陷,针对原始变形序列的非等距振荡特征构建背景值加权优化的非等间距线性时变参数GM(1,1)幂模型,并采用具有全局优化特性、收敛速度快的粒子群算法求解模型的幂指数和背景值权重。以2组矿区监测点累积沉降观测数据为例进行沉降分析与预测,结果表明,本文模型的平均绝对百分比误差分别为2.33%和4.70%,预测误差分别为2.10%和6.38%,计算结果均优于其他3种模型。工程应用表明,优化模型在小样本非等距振荡序列应用中具有优越性,适用于地表沉陷的短期预测与时变分析。     

公路卵型曲线测设新方法研究

卵型曲线是高等级公路设计中常用的一种线型,详细介绍了将卵型曲线分解成几个相邻的大圆曲线连接的基本平曲线,然后对基本平曲线进行测设的方法.这种方法较传统的卵型曲线的计算与测设更为简便,测设时可以提高工作效率.     

低阻松散层中找水的电测深资料解释方法探讨

中原制药厂水源地电测深资料的解释表明,低阻松散层中岩层之间的电阻率差别较小,以单层的砂层或粘土层直接作为电性层进行测深曲线的解释是困难的。应根据工作区的水文地质特点,结合已知钻井资料,划分出含水层组——以砂层为主的层段和隔水层组——以粘土为主的层段,以此作为电性层,对电测深曲线采用计算作图法定量解释,效果较好。     

真实硬件环境下针对椭圆曲线密码体制的简单功耗分析攻击

介绍了一种椭圆曲线密码体制的实现算法,并分析了针对此算法进行简单功耗分析攻击的可行性,在此基础上设计实现了功耗分析平台,利用该平台获取椭圆曲线密码算法的功耗轨迹图,通过对该功耗信号的分析和处理,利用简单功耗分析的方法成功提取了椭圆曲线密码体制的私钥信息。结果验证了简单功耗分析对于椭圆曲线密码系统进行攻击的可行性和有效性。     

正六边形格网DEM下的等高线生成算法及质量评价

正六边形格网由于各向同性、邻接等效、拟合精度高等优点,被作为规则格网DEM数据结构的格网单元,已应用到流向分析、谷地线提取等数字地形分析中,但是其质量检测评价仍没有得到很好的研究,DEM的质量直接影响到后续数据分析结果以及相关决策的正确性与可靠性。使用常规的方法如检查点法、剖面法只能在局部评价DEM的误差情况,无法全面的评价DEM的质量。而等高线能够反映地形地貌的整体情况,因此等高线回放法通过分析回放等高线的质量,进而检测评价DEM的质量,是评价DEM质量的一种相对全面准确的方法。因此,本文将顶点高差标记法应用到六边形DEM格网结构中,为正六边形规则格网DEM提出了一种等高线生成算法,并对正六边形格网DEM的数据质量进行评价和分析。首先,本文利用生成等高线拓扑正确性、与原始等高线贴合度以及弯曲特征保持情况3个指标以评价六边形格网结构下的基于顶点高差标记法所追踪的等高线,其具有无自相交等拓扑错误、与原始等高线贴合度高、弯曲特征保持情况良好等特点,证明了该算法的可行性。此外,本文将该生成方法应用到不同规则格网DEM质量对比中,即基于顶点高差标记方法分别生成四边形DEM和六边形DEM的等高线,并基于上述3个指标对比六边形DEM和四边形DEM生成等高线的质量,从而进行六边形DEM和四边形DEM的质量差异比较,实验比较表明,在相同分辨率下,六边形DEM回放的等高线与原始等高线的贴合度更高,弯曲特征保持情况更好,并且随着分辨率的降低,其贴合度降低幅度较小,弯曲特征丧失较少,并未出现尖角化、形状过度变形等情况,因此六边形DEM的质量优于四边形DEM,并且随着分辨率降低,六边形DEM的精度折损程度更小。     

蜀南地区茅口组古岩溶识别标志及储层预测

为预测蜀南地区茅口组储层,通过地质、钻井与岩心观察,地震及测井、地化指标分析等方法确定古岩溶发育状况,结合生产测试资料分析古岩溶储层在地震和测井上的响应特征.结果表明:该区主要储集空间类型为裂缝—溶洞型;储层地震响应总体表现为地震波的异常反射、相干剖面的不连续性及速度反演出现低速区;测井响应表现为深、浅侧向电阻率降低且出现正差异,密度减小,中子孔隙度和声波时差增大,而井径和自然伽马曲线的变化受空隙充填控制.该结果对该区储层预测及油气勘探具有指导意义.     

广东省高速公路建设项目税负分析与改进

高速公路建设是广东省的重要基础设施建设。高速公路造价成本高是阻碍高速公路迅速发展的障碍。其中高速公路建设项目承担的不合理的税费负担是对其造价影响的一个重要因素。减轻高速公路建设项目承担的不合理费用,调整高速公路建设项目的税负,是降低高速公路造价成本,加快我省高速公路建设的有效途径之一。     

Quantitative morphometric analysis of the Jama River profile in a tectonically active margin (Northwestern Ecuador)

The longitudinal profile of a river channel can be described in function of mathematical expressions. The logarithmic fit is the most used method to describe the relative equilibrium of a channel elevation profile. Rivers showing zones of high channel gradient and convex-upward profiles can be evaluated in function of the offset distance with respect to the logarithmic curve. The Jama River profile has been constructed using differential GPS data for the downstream reach and 4-m-grid DEM data base for the remaining headward profile. The resulting longitudinal profile shows a prominent knickpoint of about 80 m in elevation characterized by sharp local convexity. The offset distance in vertical direction from the logarithmic plot is interpreted as the successive accumulation of multiple uplift episodes associated with the Jama Fault System activity. The horizontal offset is suggested to represent the remaining retreated distance for the upstream propagation of the Jama knickpoint. The highly resistant Cretaceous rocks outcropping along the Jama knickpoint reach acts as an inflection point between two subprofiles that show well-fitted logarithmic curves, thereby representing a temporary partitioned equilibrium along the Jama River profile.     

应用空间分析方法探讨外来快餐业的竞争关系——以广州地区麦当劳与肯德基为例

对广州市中心城区75家麦当劳餐厅和71家肯德基餐厅的地理位置进行实地测定并记录其开店时间,利用空间统计学方法定量地研究广州地区麦当劳和肯德基餐厅两家外来快餐店的空间分布特征及其随时间变化的过程,探讨两者在广州市场的竞争关系.研究得出以下结论:麦当劳和肯德基两家外国快餐店分布模式相同,空间分布上高度相关;两者在餐厅选址上...     

GLIMMER Antarctic Ice Sheet Model,an experimental research of moving boundary condition

A 3-D coupled ice sheet model, GLIMMER model is introduced, and an idealized ice sheet experiment under the EISMINT-1 criterion of moving boundary condition is presented. The results of the experiment reveal that for a steady-state ice sheet profile the characteristic curves describe the process of evolution which are accordant with theoretical estimates. By solving the coupled thermodynamics equations of ice sheet, one may find the characteristic curves which derived from the conservation of the mass, energy and momentum to the ice flow profile. At the same time, an agreement, approximate to the GLIMMER case and the confirmed theoretical results, is found. Present study is explorihg work to introduce and discuss the handicaps of EISMINT criterion and GLIMMER, and prospect a few directions of the GLIMMER model.     

基于AT89C51的小功率调频调压电源设计

为满足钻井导向系统非接触供电单元开发设计需要,设计一种小功率调压、调频电源.采用智能控制芯片AT89C51作为控制核心部件,自振式反激变换器实现调压模块设计,全桥逆变电路实现调频模块设计,通过IR2110芯片实现驱动.控制芯片产生PWM控制信号,控制开关管的导通并在直流侧加入合适的整流电容使电压平稳输出,经隔离驱动电路实现电能的通断控制,实现电源电压、频率和幅值可调.实验结果表明:该电源具有过电流、过电压保护功能,设计结构合理,成本低廉,控制精度较高,达到设计要求.     

Analysis on velocity distribution and displacement along the profile of a slope using both empirical and analytical methods

Assessing the slope deformation is significant for landslide prediction. Many researchers have studied the slope displacement based on field data from the inclinometer in combination with complicated numerical analysis. They found that there was a shear zone above the slip surface, and they usually focused on the distribution of velocity and displacement within the shear zone. In this paper, two simple methods are proposed to analyze the distribution of displacement and velocity along the whole profile of a slope from the slip surface to the slope surface during slow movement. In the empirical method, the slope soil above the shear zone is assumed as a rigid body. Dual or triple piecewise fitting functions are empirically proposed for the distribution of velocity along the profile of a slope. In the analytical method, the slope soil is not assumed as a rigid body but as a deformable material. Continuous functions of the velocity and displacement along the profile of a slope are directly obtained by solving the Newton's equation of motion associated with the Bingham model. Using the two proposed methods respectively, the displacement and velocity along the slope profiles of three slopes are determined. A reasonable agreement between the measured data and the calculated results of the two proposed methods has been reached. In comparison with the empirical method, the analytical method would be more beneficial for slope deformation analysis in slope engineering, because the parameters are material constants in the analytical solution independent of time t, and the nonlinear viscosity of the soil can be considered.     

地图整体设计的形式美与视觉效应

通过地图作品每个方面的设计现象,论述了形式美与读者视觉的关系,形式美的实质是地图的艺术美,方便读者阅读是追求地图整体设计形式美的出发点.     

OceanRoute: Vessel Mobility Data Processing and Analyzing Model Based on MapReduce

The network coverage is a big problem in ocean communication, and there is no low-cost solution in the short term. Based on the knowledge of Mobile Delay Tolerant Network (MDTN), the mobility of vessels can create the chances of end-to-end communication. The mobility pattern of vessel is one of the key metrics on ocean MDTN network. Because of the high cost, few experiments have focused on research of vessel mobility pattern for the moment. In this paper, we study the traces of more than 4000 fishing and freight vessels. Firstly, to solve the data noise and sparsity problem, we design two algorithms to filter the noise and complement the missing data based on the vessel’s turning feature. Secondly, after studying the traces of vessels, we observe that the vessel’s traces are confined by invisible boundary. Thirdly, through defining the distance between traces, we design MR-Similarity algorithm to find the mobility pattern of vessels. Finally, we realize our algorithm on cluster and evaluate the performance and accuracy. Our results can provide the guidelines on design of data routing protocols on ocean MDTN.