聊城市土地利用基础图件与数据更新调查工作顺利通过国土资源部预检

10月13—15日,国土资源部土地调查预检组对聊城市土地利用基础图件与数据更新调查工作进行了预检。通过检查,预检组各位专家领导一致认为,聊城市土地利用基础图件与数据更新调查工作,方案制定切实可行,措施实施得力,工作开展深入扎实,基本达到了国土资源部的规定要求。该项工作     

莱芜市土地利用基础图件与数据更新项目通过国土资源部验收

5月29日，国土资源大调查项目——莱芜市土地利用基础图件与数据更新项目通过了国土资源部的验收。国土资源部地籍司司长樊志全、副司长高延利参加了验收，省国土资源厅副厅长邵清纯及相关处室的领导陪同验收。     

宁波市土地更新调查及数据库建设的方法与实践

自1990年第一次土地详查至今已经历十多年。虽然从1996年开始了一年一度的土地变更调查。但由于社会、经济迅速发展。城市化、工业化进程加快。每年的土地利用变更调查不能准确地反映土地利用现状变化情况。影响了政府对土地利用的决策。利用先进的技术方法对土地利用现状进行实地调查。查清土地利用现状的家底。取得图件、数据、实地三相一致的成果已势在必行。2002年国土资源部批准宁波市作为全国土地利用数据库建设示范市。2003年浙江省人民政府办公厅发出了《关于开展全省土地更新调查工作的通知》（浙政办发[2003]18号），宁波市率先在全市范围内开展了土地利用更新调查及数据建库试点工作。经过几年多的努力。全市11个县（市）、区都已完成土地更新调查及数据建库工作，先后通过了国土资源部和浙江省国土资源厅的验收。全市建立起了覆盖6区和5个县（市）9680平方公里的统一土地利用更新现状数据库。并积极开展了土地利用总体规划修编、土地整理、土地围垦造地、基本农田保护等各种应用．项目成果在国土资源管理中发挥了很大的作用。本就项目技术方法的制订、组织实施、项目管理、数据更新、成果的应用等内容进行阐述。     

新型土地利用变更与管理软件开发与应用

通过分析当前土地利用变更调查工作的现状及现实要求。总结了新一轮土地利用变更调查对土地利用变更与管理软件的基本要求，提出了基于SuperlMap的土地利用变更与管理信息系统的解决方案。并就基于SuperMap的土地利用变更调查与管理信息系统的开发与应用进行了详尽的论述。该解决方案成功地应用于柳州市土地利用数据库建设及土地利用数据更新与管理。该系统的成功应用为新一轮土地变更大调查提供了全面技术和软件解决方案，为国土资源行业土地利用更新调查工作提供了成功的应用案例。     

测绘技术在土地利用现状工作中的应用

近年来,各地不同程度的开展土地利用现状与潜力调查分析工作,为社会的长远发展提供技术保障和支持。开展土地利用现状调查工作,在完成城镇化地籍调查工作的基础上,需要提前运用测绘手段完成城镇地籍调查工作,方能提高精度,形成准确的基础图件、数据,从而为保质保量完成土地利用现状调查工作做好技术保障。     

浅谈土地更新调查后的农村日常地籍管理工作

为了查清土地利用现状调查后的土地资源状况．全省开展了土地利用现状更新调查工作。通过土地利用更新调查，查清土地利用类型、数量、分布和构成；实现土地利用现状图、数据、实地相一致；全面实现新旧土地分类的转换。为了保持土地更新调查成果的现势性，为土地管理和政府决策提供准确、详实的土地数据，对土地更新调查后的农村日常地籍管理工作谈几点粗浅的看法：     

广西土地利用存在的问题及建议——以广西某县土地利用更新调查数据为例

笔者自2002年以来,分别在区内外参与了10多个市县的土地利用更新调查工作以及检查验收工作,通过对土地利用更新调查数据与原土地详查及变更调查数据的对比分析,发现土地利用总体状况呈现出一定的规律性变化,土地利用中存在着一些不容忽视的问题,必须引起重视.下面,以2004年广西某县土地利用更新调查数据与原土地详查及2003年土地利用更新调查数据对比分析为例进行说明.     

土地利用实时变更分析与研究

一、工作背景通过全国第二次土地调查,嘉兴市获取了4222.86平方公里全区域土地利用现状基础数据。自2010年起,国土资源部采用先进的遥感监测手段,继承了第二次土地调查时＂三下二上＂的工作流程,组织开展年度变更调查。目前,国家每年组织一次土地利用现状变更调查,嘉兴市采用年底国家遥感监测资料下发后集中力量进行调查,统一时点变更的办法进行数据更新,在保障土地利用基础数据的真实性、     

对浙江省城镇地籍调查更新数据的比较分析

城镇地籍调查是全面查清全国城镇范围内的土地利用状况,掌握真实土地基础数据的重要手段。2009年,第二次全国土地调查城镇土地调查数据汇总工作顺利实施,初步建立了城镇地籍调查、更新、监测和数据汇总工作机制。     

遥感影像在土地更新调查中的应用

以现势性遥感数据制作的航摄正射影像图为工作底图,并以土地详查、土地变更调查相关图件、数据资料为依据,采用国家统一的土地分类系统,对阳城县辖区的土地利用现状进行了一次全面的野外实地调查,查清了阳城县当前土地利用的类型、面积、分布状况和土地权属状况,全面更新了基础图件。在此基础上,建设了土地利用数据库,实现了实地、图件、数据的一致性。对原土地详查资料及土地变更调查资料进行了分类整理,分析了其现势性和可利用程度。     

Distribution of Aluminum and Fluoride in Tea Plant and Soil of Tea Garden in Central and Southwest China

The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter (OM), Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe-Mn oxide>Alorganic>Alwater-soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm.The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant (r=0.8763, p<0.01, n=36). There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant (r=0.7029, p<0.01, n=34). The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.     

北部湾海域秋、冬季甲壳类的种类组成及分布

根据 2 0 0 1年 11至 2 0 0 2年 1月间北部湾海域秋、冬季 2个航次的底拖网渔业资源调查资料 ,对北部湾海域甲壳类的种类组成及分布进行研究。本次调查共渔获虾类 2 4种 ,隶属于 6科 11属 ;蟹类 30种 ,隶属 9科 19属 ;虾蛄 9种 ,隶属 2科 6属。各种类沿水深和地理分布有明显变化 ,主要集中分布于湾中部水深 2 1～ 80m海域。     

南秦岭古生代盆地演化中幕式流体过程及成岩成矿效应

从南秦岭古生代盆地构造-沉积演化出发,通过分析古生界不同层位流体成岩成矿事实与盆地发展演化之间的关系,探讨了南秦岭早古生代—泥盆纪演化时期多幕流体过程和成岩成矿效应。幕式流体成岩成矿最早可追溯到早寒武世,区域上从东到西形成了重要的碳硅质岩中重晶石/毒重石矿床及金、铂族元素矿化;早、中志留世继续发展,形成了钠长石岩、重晶石岩、铁碳酸盐岩、硅质岩与铅-锌、金矿床;中泥盆世为最强烈的一次热水沉积活动,其规模大、热水沉积产物多样,形成了泥盆系硅质岩-钠长石岩-重晶石岩-铁白云石岩中的铅锌(铜)矿床、铁白云石硅质岩中铅锌(铜)矿床以及钠长石角砾-铁白云石板岩中金-铜矿床。     

Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China

Recently, the degradation of permafrost and marsh environments in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains has become a great concern as more human activities and pronounced climate warming were observed during the past 30 years and projected for the near future. The distr/bution patterns and development mechanisms of the permafrost and marshes have been examined both in theories and in field observations, in order to better understand the symbiosis of permafrost and marshes. The permafrost and marshes in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains display discernible zonations in latitude and elevation. The marsh vegetation canopy, litter and peat soil have good thermal insulation properties for the underlying permafrost, resulting in a thermal offset of 3 ℃ to 4℃ and subsequently suppressing soil temperature. In addition, the much higher thermal conductivity of frozen and ice-rich peat in the active layer is conducive to the development or in favor of the protection of permafrost due to the semi-conductor properties of the soils overlying the permafrost. On the other hand, because permafrost is almost impervious, the osmosis of water in marsh soils can be effectively reduced, timely providing water supplies for helophytes growth or germination in spring. In the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains, the permafrost degradation has been accelerating due to the marked climate warming, ever increasing human activities, and the resultant eco-environmental changes. Since the permafrost and marsh environments are symbiotic and interdependent, they need to be managed or protected in a well-coordinated and integrated way.     

小城市和建制镇土地集约利用面临的挑战与对策

小城市和建制镇土地集约利用程度低 发达国家的城镇化历程表明,城镇化水平达到30％后,城镇化即驶入快车道。目前,我国城镇化水平接近40％,已进入加速发展阶段,这一过程不依人们的意志为转移,也是我国实现现代化的必经之路。同时,我国城镇化水平还     

章丘地区土壤硒的含量分布及影响因素

以章丘地区土壤为对象,系统分析了表层、深层土壤及8条剖面土壤中Se元素的含量水平,研究了土壤中Se的分布特征及其与土壤类型、成土母质、地形地貌和土壤理化性质及组分的关系。结果表明：章丘地区表层土壤中Se含量在0.1～0.8mg/kg之间,以中硒土壤为主,富硒土壤面积173km2。土壤类型中,水稻土Se平均含量水平最高,为0.55mg/kg;成土母质中以石炭—二叠纪泥页岩发育的土壤Se含量最高;剖面土壤中的Se主要在表层富集。影响章丘地区土壤Se含量分布的主要因素是成土母质、地形地貌、土壤pH、有机质及土壤中硫、铁铝氧化物等组分。     

Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in seawater and sediment in Laizhou Bay

Selected trace metals(Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg) and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments of Laizhou Bay were determined, to evaluate their spatial distribution, pollution risk and potential ecological risk. Concentrations of the elements were 0.56–2.07, 0.14–0.38, 12.70–18.40, 0.014–0.094, and 1.13–2.37 μg/L in the seawater and 8.94–32.2, 0.18–0.67, 4.51–30.5, 0.006–0.058, and 5.75–15.3 mg/kg in sediments for Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As, respectively. High concentrations of the trace metals and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments were generally observed near the river estuary. The pollution risk result of the elements showed that Cu was the prominent trace metal pollutant in seawater, followed by Hg, Pb, Cd and As. The metal complex pollution index in seawater was at a medium level. The most important trace metal pollutant in sediments was Cd, followed by As, Cu, Pb, and Hg. Our pollution assessment suggests that trace metal pollution in Laizhou Bay sediments was at a low level. The potential ecological risk was also low in surface sediment.     

Evaluation and analysis of provincial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity in China

Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions.     

2011年初云南东部极端低温冰冻灾害天气气候特征及成因分析

利用NCEP/NCAA再分析资料,国家气候中心74项环流指数及云南省122个观测站资料,结合诊断、合成和相关分析等方法,探讨2011年初云南东部极端低温冰冻灾害天气气候特征及成因,并与2008年初低温冰冻灾害进行对比分析。旨在寻找云南低温冰冻天气的预报着眼点,为提前做好防灾减灾工作提供决策依据。研究表明:500hPa高度场欧亚中高纬呈两槽一脊,西西伯利亚高压脊异常强大,贝巴之间为东西向横槽,东亚中高纬呈"+-+"的高度场距平分布,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏东偏弱,南海副高异常偏南偏弱是2011年1月云南东部频遭冷空气影响的大尺度大气环流背景。另外,相关分析发现NINO4区海温持续异常偏冷对应云南东部气温异常偏低。较2008年初持续近2个月的低温雨雪冰冻灾害相比,虽然2011年灾害影响时间较短,范围较小,但冷空气过程频发,昆明准静止锋长时间控制云南东部,最终造成近50年来的极端低温冰冻灾害。     

Spatio-temporal trends and causes of variations in runoff and sediment load of the Jinsha River in China

The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for the Yangtze River,which greatly influence the runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir.This study aims to characterize the spatial distribution,inter-annual variation of runoff and sediment load in the Jinsha River Basin,and to analyze the contribution of rainfall and human activities to the runoff and sediment load changes.The monitoring data on runoff,sediment load and precipitation were collected from 11hydrological stations in the Jinsha River Basin from1966 to 2016.The data observed at the outlet of the basin showed that 71.4%of the runoff is from the upper reaches of the Jinsha River Basin and the Yalong River,while 63.3%of the sediment is from the lower reaches(excluding the Yalong River).There is no significant increase in runoff on temporal scale in the Jinsha River Basin,while it has an abrupt change in runoff in both upstream and midstream in 1985,and an abrupt change in downstream in 1980 and2013.The sediment load demonstrated a significantincreasing trend in the upstream,no significant reducing trend in the midstream,but significant reducing trend in the downstream.The sediment load in upstream showed abrupt change in 1987,in midstream in 1978 and 2014,in downstream in 2012.Rainfall dominated runoff variation,contributing more than 59.0%of the total variation,while human activity,including reservoirs construction,the implementation of soil and water conservation projects,is the major factor to sediment load variation,contributing more than 87.0%of the total variation.