激光垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差校准的精度分析

根据JJF1081-2002《垂准仪校准规范》的规定,采用测量不确定度A类或B类评定方法,在观测条件正好处于合格条件的临界状态的情况下,对垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差校准的测量不确定度进行评定,并给出垂准仪在实际使用中一测回垂准测量标准偏差的预警值。     

DZJ2激光垂准仪使用方法及指标的校正

介绍了DZJ2激光垂准仪的性能及基本指标的校正方法,为用户在使用DZJ2激光垂准仪过程中几种基本指标参数的校正提供参考.     

更正

正本刊2014年第3期第101页《关于垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差检测方法的探讨》一文第二章第3节中,二维点坐标标准偏差计算公式应为     

资源三号多光谱影像波段配准误差评价

本文以资源三号多光谱影像谱段配准误差影像作为研究对象,分别采用传统均值滤波、中值滤波、高斯滤波及非局部均值滤波算法对配准误差影像进行噪声滤除,从垂轨和沿轨第一列像元配准误差结果可知,不同去噪算法均可降低噪声对误差统计结果影响,并且垂轨和沿轨的第一列配准误差经非局部均值滤波算法处理后分别从0.20和0.15像元减少至0.10和0.05像元,两个方向上的误差分布均更为稳定。因此选取非局部均值滤波算法进行噪声滤除可减弱地物特征对谱段配准影响,能更科学评价影像谱段配准精度,间接反映配准误差与卫星平台之间的相对关系。     

测量机器人用于超高层建筑竖向投测的可行性

激光垂准仪法是超高层建筑竖向投测的主要方法之一。当建筑高度特别大时,楼体在日照等因素作用下会产生缓慢的摆动,此时,激光垂准仪法的应用将受到一定限制。本文介绍一种利用测量机器人进行超高层建筑竖向投测的方法,并分析其投测精度和可行性。     

应用三维线特征自动配准建筑物点云数据

针对建筑物中丰富的线特征,提出一种点云数据自动配准方法。该方法以两非平行空间直线作为配准基元,以线对夹角和垂距作为相似性测度,在相邻两站间匹配同名线对,以同名线对的垂线中点作为同名点解算最终变换模型。试验结果表明：在没有初始估计的情况下,利用三维线特征能够有效的完成具有部分重叠的建筑物点云数据的自动配准。     

关于垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差检测方法的探讨

针对《垂准仪校准规范》（JJF1081-2002）中实施过程中出现的标准偏差计算问题,探讨并提出一种计算二维点坐标测量值标准偏差的方法。     

机载模拟POLDER多角度图象配准(英文)

多角度成象对于获取多角度遥感数据是非常重要的。在对多角度数据进行分析之前，首先要对多角度图象进行配准。经过配准，可以识别出相同的地面目标。在配准过程中，一个主要的困难是由于观察角度的不同、双向反射变化及大气的影响造成的图象灰度变化。如何解决灰度变化的影响关系到图象的配准精度。我们在该文中介绍一种多角度图象配准过程，包括预处理、基于层次结构的图象灰度相关配准。为了去掉大角度造成的灰度变化，我们用改进的模板匹配进行配准。这种方法的优点是与配准模板灰度均值无关，只与灰度变化程度有关。配准过程中也同时考虑到纹理的变化。整个配准过程是沿着观测角度增大的方向进行的序列图象配准，以提高大角度图象配准精度。最后，图象的纠正采用局部自适应几何纠正以获得较满意的结果。我们用法国ＣＮＥＳ提供的ＰＯＬＤＥＲ飞机模拟多角度图象进行配准，并提取了小麦和水稻等植被的多角度信息。     

超高层建筑第三方测量关键技术研究

以广州市利通广场第三方测量为研究对象,运用超高层建筑精密工程测量知识,综合采用GPS、测量机器人、激光垂准仪等多种先进设备,制定严密的超高层建筑控制网竖向传递复测方案,确立方便可行的轴线检测、高程检测及核心筒垂直度测量方法,为超高层建筑第三方测量提供新思路,对类似工程具有借鉴作用。     

CORS网用于会战式GPS垂向速率修正的方法研究

针对会战式观测模式GPS站估计测站垂向速率时未考虑周期项对速率的影响,导致测站垂向速率可靠性降低的问题,该文研究了基于连续运行参考站系统CORS的GPS连续站坐标时间序列建立测站周期项模型,并以此修正会战式GPS观测模式估计的垂向速率。以PBO网络阿拉斯加州88个GPS站2014—2016年3年的观测数据为基础,首先利用空间加权插值、二次曲面拟合法建立测站周期项模型;其次对区域内会战式GPS站的垂向速率予以修正。结果表明,两种方法均可拟合GPS观测站的年周期项,但二次曲面拟合的效果稍好;用拟合的年周期项对会战式观测站垂向速率修正后,垂向速率的正确性提高了46%以上,说明可用该方法修正会战式GPS观测站的垂向速率,以提高其可靠性。     

Calculating vertical deformation using a single InSAR pair based on singular value decomposition in mining areas

Vertical deformation estimation can be a significant tool in preventing geological hazards and managing environment impacts of underground mining. Common ground surface vertical deformation calculations are challenged by difficult data collection and dependence on prior knowledge. SVD (singular value decomposition) method was applied to estimate ground surface vertical deformation from single pair SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data in a mining region. During the study, LOS (line of sight) and azimuth displacement was obtained using two pass D-InSAR (differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar) and MAI (multi-aperture radar interferometry) technology, respectively. Two adjustment equations were composed using the imaging geometry of D-InSAR and MAI. The singular value decomposition theorem was used to acquire M-P (Moore-Penrose) generalized inverse of the rank deficiency coefficient matrix. From this, the optimal approximation solution of unknown parameters was calculated using weighted least squares. A working panel in the Datong mining area, Shanxi province, China, was selected to verify the SVD approach using the two ascending Sentinel-1A data. The accuracy of vertical deformation estimated by SVD approach is reliable. The RMSE (root mean square error) of vertical deformation is 2.64 mm (along upright profile) and 4.95 mm (along horizontal profile). These results suggest that the SVD approach will complement widely used vertical ground surface deformation calculations. Further study is needed to validate the method from other deformation scenarios from landslides, groundwater loss, earthquakes, underground mining, and glacier movement.     

惯性测量系统中垂线偏差和重力异常的确定

本文对惯性测量各项系统误差及异常重力场进行了分析和研究,并在此基础上建立了两种用于惯性重力测量的估算模型;模拟计算的结果表明,所建模型在原理上是可靠的,结果是令人满意的;同时,本文较为详细地分析了各项系统误差对异常重力元素估计精度的影响,对卡尔曼滤波应用中的有关问题进行了讨论。     

Fitting gravimetric geoid models to vertical deflections

Regional gravimetric geoid and quasigeoid models are now commonly fitted to GPS-levelling data, which simultaneously absorbs levelling, GPS and quasi/geoid errors due to their inseparability. We propose that independent vertical deflections are used instead, which are not affected by this inseparability problem. The formulation is set out for geoid slopes and changes in slopes. Application to 1,080 astrogeodetic deflections over Australia for the AUSGeoid98 model shows that it is feasible, but the poor quality of the historical astrogeodetic deflections led to some unrealistic values.     

葛洲坝垂直位移自动监测系统

本文介绍了葛洲坝垂直位移遥控监测系统的工作原理、结构、电路设计特点及实际使用效果。几年的实测结果证明了此系统量测精度高、稳定性好、自动化程度高，实现了联机实时自动监测大坝垂直位移的目标。     

Accuracy analysis of vertical deflection data observed with the Hannover Digital Zenith Camera System TZK2-D

This paper analyses the accuracy of vertical deflection measurements carried out with the Digital Zenith Camera System TZK2-D, an astrogeodetic state-of-the-art instrumentation developed at the University of Hannover. During 107 nights over a period of 3.5 years, the system was used for repeated vertical deflection observations at a selected station in Hannover. The acquired data set consists of about 27,300 single measurements and covers 276 h of observation time, respectively. For the data collected at an earlier stage of development (2003 to 2004), the accuracy of the nightly mean values has been found to be about 0′′.10−0′′.12. Due to applying a refined observation strategy since 2005, the accuracy of the vertical deflection measurements was enhanced into the unprecedented range of 0′′.05 − 0′′.08. Accessing the accuracy level of 0′′.05 requires usually 1 h of observational data, while the 0′′.08 accuracy level is attained after 20 min measurement time. In comparison to the analogue era of geodetic astronomy, the accuracy of vertical deflection observations is significantly improved by about one order of magnitude.     

基于球面的电子全站仪测高大气竖直折射角严密计算方法研究

大气竖直折射是影响竖直角观测精度的关键因素之一.大气竖直折射的计算一直是困扰测绘界的难题.为了更加合理地计算大气竖直折射,提出了基于球面的电子全站仪测高大气竖直折射计算方法,给出了基于球面的电子全站仪测高严格计算公式.     

On the use of iterative re-weighting least-squares and outlier detection for empirically modelling rates of vertical displacement

The proper identification and removal of outliers in the combination of rates of vertical displacements derived from GPS, tide gauges/satellite altimetry, and GRACE observations is presented. Outlier detection is a necessary pre-screening procedure in order to ensure reliable estimates of stochastic properties of the observations in the combined least-squares adjustment (via rescaling of covariance matrices) and to ensure that the final vertical motion model is not corrupted and/or distorted by erroneous data. Results from this study indicate that typical data snooping methods are inadequate in dealing with these heterogeneous data sets and their stochastic properties. Using simulated vertical displacement rates, it is demonstrated that a large variety of outliers (random scattered and adjacent, as well as jointly influential) can be dealt with if an iterative re-weighting least-squares adjustment is combined with a robust median estimator. Moreover, robust estimators are efficient in areas weakly constrained by the data, where even high quality observations may appear to be erroneous if their estimates are largely influenced by outliers. Four combined models for the vertical motion in the region of the Great Lakes are presented. The computed vertical displacements vary between  − 2 mm/year (subsidence) along the southern shores and 3 mm/year (uplift) along the northern shores. The derived models provide reliable empirical constraints and error bounds for postglacial rebound models in the region.     

航空重力测量中垂直扰动加速度误差模型的建立与分析

根据GPS确定垂直扰动加速度的误差特性,建立了合适的垂直扰动加速度的误差模型。通过对计算结果的分析,提出了航空重力测量中,在重力通频带内,垂直扰动加速度误差可当作一种有色噪声来处理的新观点。并且根据误差模型,给出了滤波截止频率的相应取值以及GPS定位精度指标。     

Evaluation of deflections of the vertical on the sphere and the plane: a comparison of FFT techniques

This paper presents a set of efficient formulas to evaluate the deflections of the vertical on the sphere using gridded data. The Vening-Meinesz formula, the topographic indirect effect on the deflections of the vertical as well as the terrain corrections are expressed as both 2D and 1D convolutions on the sphere, and consequently can be evaluated by the 2D and the 1D fast Fourier transform (FFT). When compared with the results obtained from pointwise integration, the use of the 1D FFT gives identical results, and therefore these results were used as control values in this paper. The use of the spherical 2D FFT improves significantly the computational efficiency with little sacrifice of accuracy (0.6^″ rms difference from the 1D FFT results). The planar 2D FFT, which is as efficient as the spherical 2D FFT, gives worse results (1.2^″ rms difference from the 1D FFT results) because of the extra approximations. Received: 27 February 1996; Accepted: 24 January 1997     

调和多项式拟合法应用于地壳垂直运动研究的几点讨论

在理论分析和实例验证的基础上对“调和多项式拟合法”应用于地壳垂直运动研究的可靠性进行了讨论。