我国灾害遥感的作用、现状及发展

本文从现代遥感技术系统的构成和特点出发,论述了遥感在减灾活动,包括预警、监测、评价和辅助决策中的重要作用。并在回顾我国灾害遥感现状的基础上,提出了今后发展的设想。作者认为:建立实用性的重大自然灾害遥感监测评价技术系统,是今后我国灾害遥感发展的中心环节和主要任务。该系统应包括航天遥感宏观监测系统,航空遥感全天候、实时监测系统,地面灾害及背景监测系统,灾害及背景数据库系统,灾害分析、评价与辅助决策系统以及灾害防治救援通讯指挥系统。     

Remote sensing data from IRS satellites — past, present and the future

Under Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Programme, so far seven satellites have been launched to provide land, water, agricultural and Oceanographic information for resources monitoring and management under National Natural Resources Management System. The continuity of the data services is planned by way of providing improved multi-spectral data, panchromatic data, and oceanographic/atmospheric data, in the future also. The various errors in the satellite data namely radiometric and geometric errors which are to be corrected on ground before the data is put for use have been explained. The characteristics of the future satellites are also described in this article.     

XVIIIth International Congress of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

The XVIIIth International Congress of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing was held in the Austria Center, Vienna from 9th to 19th July, 1996. Reports on the Technical Commission Activities, on the Congress Exhibition and on the General Assembly were given at a meeting of the Photogrammetric Society on 7th October, 1996. Papers from the Congress were published in the International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 31.     

Remote Sensing and GIS Based Analysis of Geomorphic Evidences and Morphometry of Active Faults in Kachchh Area

Kachchh basin is a Mesozoic rift basin under the influence of many active faults. This in turn gives rise to marked structural complexity and associated seismicity. Remote Sensing study of geomorphic evidences of these faults has been carried out using satellite images and is validated using morphometric analysis and digital elevation model data. Satellite images not only help in identifying expression of active faults and active tectonics on a macroscopic scale, but also provide the image characteristics of active faults directly. A few faults along with nature of lateral displacement could be identified from the Kachchh area. Morphometric analysis viz., sinuosity, asymmetry factor and hypsometry indicated affected streams and drainage basins due to fault activity.     

决策树算法在西藏遥感影像分类中的应用研究

将决策树算法引入到遥感影像分类中,以提高分类的精度。首先对影像进行预处理,然后利用C5.0算法在分析地物光谱特征、纹理特征、归一化植被指数的基础上,自动提取分类规则,构建决策树,实现地物的自动分类。为验证该算法的有效性,选取西藏某地区TM影像作为实验数据,与监督分类的精度进行对比,实验结果表明,决策树分类方法能取得较好的分类效果。     

城市遥感与城市信息系统

2 0世纪 ,航空摄影测量与航空遥感在我国城市化进程与城市规划、管理中作出了重要的贡献。 2 1世纪卫星遥感可能越来越发挥广泛的作用。本文回顾了近 2 0年来 ,我国开拓城市遥感与城市地理信息系统的新进展 ,指出高分辩率卫星图像数据与三维航空遥感越来越接近城市快速发展的要求 ,为城市信息系统的建设与更新 ,提供了空前有利的条件。     

资源三号影像在矿山开发遥感调查中的应用

针对目前矿山开发遥感调查多是依赖国外影像且监管手段滞后的问题,本文在矿产资源开发遥感调查基础上,以四川省攀枝花市红格钒钛磁铁矿区为例,基于资源三号卫星影像,研究了国产高分辨率卫星影像在矿山开发遥感调查中应用的可行性。同时,利用C#语言,研发了矿山开发动态监测系统,提高了矿山开发遥感调查的实时性与可靠性,提升了矿山开发监管工作的效率。     

基于资源三号测绘卫星DSM的精度评估研究

作为我国首颗民用立体测绘卫星数据产品,ZY-3 DSM对于我国地学分析具有极其重要的作用。本文在顾及地貌情况前提下,选取云南省高海拔山区为试验区,辅以1∶10 000野外实测地形图DEM为参考值,将分辨率为15 m的ZY-3 DSM与90 m的SRTM DEM从高程精度和地形精度进行较为全面的数据质量比较。结果表明:ZY-3 DSM在高程精度和地形精度均有更好的表现。总体看来,ZY-3 DSM数据质量更高,具有更广泛的利用价值。     

国土资源遥感技术进展与展望

本文简要回顾了中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心的遥感技术发展历程，着重介绍新一轮国土资源大调查实施以来的主要技术进展与应用成果，并对今后我国国土资源遥感技术的发展方向进行分析。     

Catalogs of space shuttle earth observations photography

Design and development of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS‐1A and the successful operation of the space and ground segments of IRS‐1A over the past three years form a major milestone in the Indian Remote Sensing Programme. Significant growth in Remote Sensing application/activities in almost all the sectors of natural resources survey and management, supply of various remote sensing data products to Indian users in turn around time of 8–10 days, development of remote sensing infrastructure at central/state user organisations for utilisation of remote sensing, indigenous development of various remote sensing interpretation equipments/ Image Processing Systems /Software, and continued user interaction and information dissemination are some of the major highlights of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme.     

国产卫星遥感数据在电力选线中的适用性研究

国产卫星遥感数据以其大范围同步观测、综合成本较低等特点在电力选线中具有潜在的应用优势。本文以某220 k V架空输电线路设计为例,对高分二号正射影像进行无控定位精度和有控定位精度分析比较,以及对资源三号影像进行区域网平差,统计分析其在无控制点和有控制点情况下的平差精度。研究表明:高分二号卫星影像在有控制点的情况下其纠正精度完全能够满足1∶10 000全地形比例尺精度要求,利用资源三号影像制作DSM的高程精度能够满足山区1∶10 000地图比例尺要求。综合电力选线相关规程中对选线各阶段的比例尺要求,国产高分二号和资源三号联合应用,完全能够满足山地地区的电力选线的可研性和初设阶段的平面及高程精度需求。     

遥感科学与技术专业创新型人才培养模式

根据遥感科学与技术专业发展特点,在分析其他高校培养模式的基础上,结合河南理工大学的具体情况,从专业培养方案、教学体系与教学内容、实践教学体系与内容3个方面探讨了适合于遥感科学与技术专业创新型人才培养的模式。     

面向灾害遥感快速制图的关键技术

根据遥感专题制图过程中存在的问题和面向灾害应用时面临的困难,对面向灾害遥感快速制图的关键技术进行了研究。在建立基础制图数据库基础上,实现灾情专题信息与基础制图数据库快速关联与匹配,并进行灾情信息快速空间化表达,最终实现灾害遥感专题图的快速制作流程。在现有的遥感影像处理基础上,可以很好提高整个制图效率,满足遥感实用化过程...     

卡尔曼滤波器在卫星遥感影像大地校正中的应用

在卫星遥感图像的预处理中,通过系统校正可以基本上消除影像内部的变形误差。然而,整幅影像的大地定位误差仍然是很大的,甚至几百米至1公里的数量级。本文介绍利用少量的地面控制点,采用递归算法而不是批处理算法,大大地提高大地定位精度。在单幅影像处理中,可以重新对卫星的轨道参数与姿态参数进行估值,从而提高影像的大地定位精度。在一条轨道上连续的多幅影像中,可以预报下一幅影像的大地位置,从而对那些不具有地面控制点的影像的大地校正中,实现外推计算。文中介绍并推导了卡尔曼滤波器方程中的转移矩阵和测量矩阵的系数,并推荐用数值回归的办法求得其数值解。文中最后介绍模拟试验及算法计算结果,并讨论其优缺点。     

Lithological Mapping in the Eastern Part of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt Using Combined ASTER and IRS data

The study area is located in the eastern part of the central Iranian volcanic belt. Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS ) pan images were used for applying several image classification methods for lithological mapping. ASTER visible-near infrared and shortwave infrared bands were sharpened using IRS pan image. We used classification methods such as Maximum likelihood, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Spectral Information Divergence (SID) in order to evaluate the usefulness of these methods for geological mapping. The classification results showed that MLC has the best accuracy and the classified image closely resembles the previously prepared geology map of the area.     

高分辨率卫星颤振探测补偿的关键技术方法与应用

卫星平台颤振是高分辨率卫星在轨运行普遍存在的复杂现象,会影响卫星的测图精度和成像质量。本文提出了综合多传感器数据处理的卫星颤振探测与补偿技术方法,根据多光谱影像、三线阵影像、密集地面控制和姿态测量数据进行了颤振探测,采用像方补偿和姿态补偿两种方式进行了颤振补偿。利用本文提出的技术对资源三号卫星的平台颤振问题进行了处理和分析,试验结果验证了所提出的方法用于颤振探测与补偿的有效性与可靠性。颤振变化规律分析表明资源三号卫星颤振的频率保持在0.6~0.7Hz的范围内,而颤振幅值从在轨早期的1个像素下降到0.4个像素以下并趋于平稳。     

遥感图像中特定目标检测的方法

随着遥感技术的发展,通过遥感手段获得的数据量越来越大,在海量的遥感数据中,如何能够快速找出有用的信息,是遥感应用重要的研究课题之一。然而,现有设备的有限处理能力和传统的图像处理方法一直是海量遥感图像数据中信息提取和分析的主要瓶颈,严重制约着数据的实际应用效率。根据人类视觉特性,提出了对于特定的遥感目标快速检测的方法,从而为目标的增强以及分类奠定了基础。     

Digital image processing of IRS LISS II data for urban studies case study of Delhi

Satellite Remote Sensing data has been found useful for various applications in natural resources survey because of its synoptic and repetitive coverage. It is further recognised that it has wide application in urban and regional studies. Till now much of the earlier work has been concentrated on visual interpretation of satellite data. It is felt that digital image processing of satellite data could be useful for urban studies. For this purpose the digital image processing of Delhi area has been considered to demonstrate its potentiality in urban applications. IRS LISS II data of Delhi area has been used on a low cost image processing system. The results of application of various image processing algorithms have been discussed to show the suitability for urban area studies.     

基于IHS的多源遥感数据融合

首先简要叙述了IHS法在遥感图像融合中的应用,然后对实验结果进行了分析,并用融合后的图像建立了土地利用类型的解译标志,以期为HIS法用于遥感图像融合提供参考。     

资源环境与城乡规划管理专业《遥感》课程教学探讨

针对资源环境与城乡规划管理专业中《遥感》课程教学存在的问题,从理论、实验和应用3个方面,探讨了该课程的教学内容和方法,以期对非地理空间信息专业遥感知识的学习起到促进作用。