MODIS数据的洪水淹没亚像元制图研究

针对MODIS影像中普遍存在的混合像元问题,该文基于MYD09GA地表反射率数据,实现了洪水淹没的亚像元级别的空间细节定位,并加入数字高程模型(DEM)高程信息修正了亚像元制图结果,两结果与传统硬分类法提取结果进行了比较。结果表明,亚像元制图算法较传统硬分类法对洪水淹没范围提取精度更高,能够很好地保持水体空间细节特征,DEM修正后的亚像元定位结果精度进一步提高。     

高光谱亚像元定位的线特征探测法

未考虑地物亚像元级空间结构特征是影响高光谱亚像元定位精度的因素之一。为了有效解决这一问题,本文提出一种基于混合像元线特征探测的亚像元定位算法。首先,通过光谱解混确定含典型线状地物的混合像元。然后,基于完备直线集的最大线性指数方法确定其余含线特征的混合像元,使用模板匹配方法结合像元引力确定含线特征混合像元的亚像元类别。最后,基于线性优化的方法迭代确定剩余混合像元的亚像元类别。通过真实数据及仿真数据的试验,结果表明所提出的方法能有效提高亚像元定位精度。     

高光谱遥感图像亚像元信息提取方法综述

高光谱遥感图像光谱分辨率高、波谱连续、图谱合一,这为精细地物分类、探测和识别提供了数据基础。然而,由于高光谱遥感图像空间分辨率的局限性及地物场景的复杂分布,混合像元普遍存在于高光谱遥感图像。混合像元是高光谱遥感图像精细信息提取与分析中的难点。解决混合像元问题,实现亚像元级信息的提取与分析是近年来高光谱遥感图像解译的热点和前沿。本文系统梳理了高光谱遥感图像亚像元信息提取的主要研究内容,具体从混合像元分解、亚像元制图及亚像元目标探测3个研究方向综述了经典方法,并对国内外相关方向的研究进展、发展前沿及主要挑战进行了分析与评价,最后分析讨论了高光谱遥感图像亚像元信息提取研究在模型构建、优化求解及与应用结合等方面的研究趋势及方向。     

像元二分模型在MODIS水陆混合像元分解中的适用性研究

遥感数据是地表水监测的重要数据源,用较低空间分辨率的遥感影像探测地表水范围时,混合像元问题常使水陆边界的提取不够准确。有必要对水陆混合像元进行分解,估算混合像元中水体所占百分比,从而为亚像元级别的水域边界制图奠定基础。借助像元二分模型的概念对水陆混合像元进行分解,验证该类模型的适用性。首先,以中分辨率成像光谱仪影像为数据源,分别基于归一化水体指数(normalized difference water index, NDWI)和改进的归一化水体指数(modified normalized difference water index, MNDWI)建立像元二分模型,对云南省高原湖泊进行水域提取及边界混合像元分解;然后,用同期更高空间分辨率的Landsat数据对提取结果进行验证。结果表明,像元二分模型在对水陆混合像元的分解中具有较好的适用性,其中,基于NDWI的像元二分模型精度略高于基于MNDWI的模型。     

基于SVM的高光谱遥感图像亚像元定位

提出了基于支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）的高光谱遥感图像亚像元定位方法。全变分（total variation,TV）模型是经典的保边缘平滑滤波器,本文将其引入作为预处理,来提高混合像元分解及亚像元定位的精度;本文方法在训练和检验样本的构建过程中,依据空间相关性理论,同时考虑了中心像元及其邻近像元丰度值对亚像元类别归属的影响;在监督分类训练和检验过程中,通过剔除纯净像元来缩减样本数量,在保证算法准确性的同时提高了效率。对真实高光谱遥感数据进行了实验,主观评价和定量分析验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于模拟退火算法的遥感影像亚像元定位方法

根据地物空间分布自相关原理,提出一种基于模拟退火算法的亚像元定位新方法,通过优化子像元的空间分布,最终确定混合像元中各组分的位置。通过遥感影像数据对模型进行测试,并使用已有评价指标对试验结果的视觉效果和分类精度进行评价,试验证明本方法能更好地重建地物空间分布,与硬分类方法相比能显著提高分类精度。     

基于正则MAP模型的遥感影像亚像元定位

为了更好地解决亚像元的定位问题，基于超分辨率影像重建的技术，结合亚像元定位理论，提出了一种应用于亚像元定位的正则MAP估计模型，并且通过真实数据进行了检验。实验表明，该模型是一种简单、有效地解决亚像元定位问题的方法。     

基于模糊ARTMAP神经网络模型的遥感影像亚像元定位

结合亚像元的相关理论.提出了基于模糊ARTMAP神经网络模型的遥感影像亚像元定位方法,利用该方法对模拟的武汉地区的TM影像进行了实验,并将实验结果与BP神经网络模型进行了比较.结果证明,利用本文方法能够更有效地解决亚像元定位的问题.     

基于空间自相关BP神经网络的遥感影像亚像元定位

亚像元定位技术是一种获取地物在混合像元中分布信息的有效方法.提出一种基于空间自相关函数的遥感影像BP神经网络亚像元定位方法,与传统的BP神经网路亚像元定位方法相比,该方法利用空间自相关函数Moran's I 在亚像素级上对定位结果进行约束,其结果更符合空间相关性假设理论.试验结果表明,该方法优于传统BP神经网络亚像元定...     

面向Sentinel-2影像的亚像元级水体提取方法

结合Sentinel-2影像及其他高分辨率卫星数据进行长序列、高频次、大范围的水面率、蓄水量、生态流量等水资源要素监测具有重要意义。为了提高水体提取精度,解决利用多源中高分辨率卫星数据提取水体时的空间尺度效应问题,本文提出了一种面向Sentinel-2影像的亚像元级水体提取方法(简称SWES)。首先利用RWI提取纯水体像元,然后利用膨胀算法提取水陆边界混合像元,最后为解决地物的类内光谱变化问题,采用考虑空间信息的多端元光谱混合分析算法(MESMA)求解水陆混合像元中的水体丰度。3个试验区的结果均表明,SWES取得了较好效果,平均RMSE为0.147,水体提取效果均优于自动亚像元水体提取方法(简称ASWM),尤其在水陆混合像元较多的坑塘养殖区。SWES在试验区获取的水体面积也有较高精度,平均相对误差为8.03%,低于ASWM的20.23%,结果表明SWES能够有效提升水域面积提取精度。     

Adaptive MAP sub-pixel mapping model based on regularization curve for multiple shifted hyperspectral imagery

Sub-pixel mapping is a promising technique for producing a spatial distribution map of different categories at the sub-pixel scale by using the fractional abundance image as the input. The traditional sub-pixel mapping algorithms based on single images often have uncertainty due to insufficient constraint of the sub-pixel land-cover patterns within the low-resolution pixels. To improve the sub-pixel mapping accuracy, sub-pixel mapping algorithms based on auxiliary datasets, e.g., multiple shifted images, have been designed, and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) model has been successfully applied to solve the ill-posed sub-pixel mapping problem. However, the regularization parameter is difficult to set properly. In this paper, to avoid a manually defined regularization parameter, and to utilize the complementary information, a novel adaptive MAP sub-pixel mapping model based on regularization curve, namely AMMSSM, is proposed for hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. In AMMSSM, a regularization curve which includes an L-curve or U-curve method is utilized to adaptively select the regularization parameter. In addition, to take the influence of the sub-pixel spatial information into account, three class determination strategies based on a spatial attraction model, a class determination strategy, and a winner-takes-all method are utilized to obtain the final sub-pixel mapping result. The proposed method was applied to three synthetic images and one real hyperspectral image. The experimental results confirm that the AMMSSM algorithm is an effective option for sub-pixel mapping, compared with the traditional sub-pixel mapping method based on a single image and the latest sub-pixel mapping methods based on multiple shifted images.     

一种基于进化Agent的遥感影像亚像元定位方法

遥感影像中存在着昆合像元,软分类技术将这些像元按照一定的百分比划分为不同的地物类别,亚像元定位技术利用在每个混合像元中所获得的百分比信息,得到一个锐化后的分类影像.像元分解成不同的子像元,代表不同的地物类别成分.进化Agent技术结合一种空间邻域的假设关系,通过繁殖和扩散两种行为模式,分配给每一个亚像元一个确定的位置,从而达到定位的效果.利用合成影像和退化的真实影像进行实验,通过与传统的硬分类进行精度比较,证明进化Agent技术是一种简单易行的亚像元定位算法.     

超像元尺度下的多光谱图像超分辨率洪水淹没制图

超分辨率制图SRM (Super-resolution Mapping)技术可以有效地处理遥感图像中的混合像元,获得准确的地物类别分布信息。目前,SRM技术已经成功地应用于多光谱图像洪水淹没定位中,称为超分辨率洪水淹没制图SRFIM (Super-resolution Flood Inundation Mapping)。然而,现有的SRFIM方法往往基于像元尺度空间相关性,这种空间相关性考虑设定的矩形窗内的像元之间的空间关系,但实际情况下淹没区域与非淹没区域的形状是不规则的,因此这种像元尺度空间相关性不够准确,影响最终的洪水淹没制图精度。为了解决这一问题,提出了超像元尺度空间相关性下的多光谱图像超分辨率洪水淹没制图SSSC-SRFIM (Super-resolution Flood Inundation Mapping for Multispectral Image Based on Super-pixel Scale Spatial Correlation)。在SSSC-SRFIM中,首先利用双立方插值改善原始粗糙多光谱图像,获得改善后的图像,并利用光谱解混方法对改善后的图像进行光谱解混,获得具有每个亚像元属于淹没类别概率值的丰度图像;然后利用主成分分析法提取改善后图像的第一主成分,并利用基于多分辨率的图像分割算法分割第一主成分,获得不规则形状的超像元;再者将丰度图像与超像元进行整合计算,并引入随机游走算法计算各个超像元之间的空间相关性;最后,依据超像元空间相关性,利用基于类别单元的类别方法将淹没区域或非淹没区域标签分配给每个亚像元中,得到最终的洪水淹没制图结果。利用两个Landsat 8 OLI多光谱图像对该方法进行了评价。结果表明,与传统的SRFIM方法相比,本文提出的SSSC-SRFIM方法具有更好的效果。     

利用Landsat TM影像进行地表温度像元分解

提出了一种基于Landsat TM的地表温度二次像元分解方法,将地表温度的空间分辨率从120 m提高到30 m。首先,利用地表类型的线性统计模型（E-DisTrad）获取初次分解子像元的地表温度,计算得到初次分解子像元的辐亮度;然后,利用面向对象的图像分割方法获取二次分解子像元的权重,实现对地表温度的二次分解;最后,采用升尺度再分解的验证方法进行精度分析,并选取了北京市TM影像进行实例分析。实验结果表明,二次像元分解模型不仅能有效地提高地表温度的空间分辨率,反映出不同地表类型地表温度的空间差异性,而且保证了像元分解前后能量值的一致性,非常适合于复杂地表覆盖地区的热红外波段遥感影像数据的降尺度处理。     

ALCM: Automatic land cover mapping

It may be quite important for resource management people to extract single land cover class, at sub-pixel level from multi-spectral remote sensing images of different areas in single step processing. It has been observed, that neural network can be trained to extract single land cover class from multi-spectral remote sensing images, but they have problems in setting various parameters and slow during training stage. This paper present single land cover class water, extraction from mixed pixels present in multiple multi-spectral remote sensing data sets of same bands of AWiFS sensor of Resoursesat-1 (IRS-P6) satellite from different areas. In this work fuzzy logic-based algorithm, which is independent of statistical distribution assumption of data, has been studied at sub-pixel level to handle mixed pixels. It has been found; possibilistic c-means (PCM) algorithm takes the possibilistic view, that the membership of a feature vector in a class has nothing to do with its membership in other classes. Due to this, it was observed that PCM can extract only one class, from remote sensing multi-spectral data and it has produced 93.7% and 97.1% overall sub-pixel classification accuracy for two different data sets of different places using LISS-III (IRS-P6) reference data of same dates as of AWiFS data.     

A spatial–temporal Hopfield neural network approach for super-resolution land cover mapping with multi-temporal different resolution remotely sensed images

The mixed pixel problem affects the extraction of land cover information from remotely sensed images. Super-resolution mapping (SRM) can produce land cover maps with a finer spatial resolution than the remotely sensed images, and reduce the mixed pixel problem to some extent. Traditional SRMs solely adopt a single coarse-resolution image as input. Uncertainty always exists in resultant fine-resolution land cover maps, due to the lack of information about detailed land cover spatial patterns. The development of remote sensing technology has enabled the storage of a great amount of fine spatial resolution remotely sensed images. These data can provide fine-resolution land cover spatial information and are promising in reducing the SRM uncertainty. This paper presents a spatial–temporal Hopfield neural network (STHNN) based SRM, by employing both a current coarse-resolution image and a previous fine-resolution land cover map as input. STHNN considers the spatial information, as well as the temporal information of sub-pixel pairs by distinguishing the unchanged, decreased and increased land cover fractions in each coarse-resolution pixel, and uses different rules in labeling these sub-pixels. The proposed STHNN method was tested using synthetic images with different class fraction errors and real Landsat images, by comparing with pixel-based classification method and several popular SRM methods including pixel-swapping algorithm, Hopfield neural network based method and sub-pixel land cover change mapping method. Results show that STHNN outperforms pixel-based classification method, pixel-swapping algorithm and Hopfield neural network based model in most cases. The weight parameters of different STHNN spatial constraints, temporal constraints and fraction constraint have important functions in the STHNN performance. The heterogeneity degree of the previous map and the fraction images errors affect the STHNN accuracy, and can be served as guidances of selecting the optimal STHNN weight parameters.