Quickbird-2＆SPOT-1矿山生态环境遥感调查试验研究

为调查广西大厂锡多金属矿田和高龙金矿区近20a来生态环境人为破坏情况，采用了Quickbird-2和SPOT-1卫星遥感技术。研究表明，Quickbird-2的1、4、2或2、4、1波段与Pan波段融合影像具有很好的矿山生态环境识别效果，可以用于米级尺度的大比例尺矿山环境调查任务。SPOT-1 Pan波段与Landsat-7ETM^ 7、5、4波段数据融合可以用于10m级的中比例尺矿山环境调查任务。本文还从遥感角度讨论了矿山生态环境破坏对地球生态系统造成的影响。     

不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用

以河北省唐山市矿区为试验区,通过对ETM、SPOT-4、SPOT-5和IKONOS等数据的使用效果对比分析,总结出不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用特点,并定量分析了各数据源的最小可监测图斑和最佳成图比例尺,最后,提出矿山开发与环境遥感调查数据源的选择步骤。     

OLI与SPOT-6 Pan融合影像在遥感地质解译中的应用

受较大分辨率差的影响,OLI多光谱影像与SPOT-6 Pan影像直接融合可能导致融合影像色彩失真。若将OLI多光谱影像与全色影像融合后再与SPOT-6 Pan影像融合,在选用合适融合方法的基础上可得到较好的结果。以新疆伊吾县淖毛湖遥感地质解译为例,采用IHS变换法、Brovey变换法、PCA和Gram-Schmidt Pansharpening(GS)等方法分别对OLI和SPOT-6Pan进行间接融合,并利用主观对比和水平光谱剖面对比两种方法对融合影像进行综合分析与评价。经实地查证,基于OLI与SPOT-6 Pan(GS变换融合)融合影像解译获得的地质界线综合准确率达89.5%。     

青海省聚乎更煤矿区矿山地质环境遥感监测及质量评价

以2011年和2012年获取的2期IKONOS2数据为信息源,在波段组合、数据融合和正射纠正等图像预处理基础上,针对矿山地质环境问题进行人机交互解译,对青海省木里煤田聚乎更煤矿区因煤矿开发而引发的矿山地质环境问题及矿山环境恢复治理情况进行了遥感调查与监测;并将矿山环境调查结果与矿区基础地理及地质资料相结合,根据矿区环境的实际状况,合理选择矿山地质环境评价因子及权重指标,对该矿区的矿山地质环境质量进行了动态评价。结果表明:聚乎更煤矿区的矿山地质环境质量呈明显下降的趋势,2012年采矿活动对矿山地质环境有影响的面积较2011年增加了近10 km2,主要是地表植被直接或间接地受到破坏,且矿山环境恢复治理工作进程远远跟不上矿山环境恶化速度。     

IHS方法在QuickBird数据融合中存在的问题及其改进

 针对IHS变换在QuickBird数据融合中存在的光谱扭曲问题，提出了利用Visual-Pan波段和线性加权匹配两种方法进行改进 ，并给出了Visual-Pan波段方法中系数α的最佳取值范围，以及线性加权匹配融合图像的空间特征与光谱特征达到最佳效果时Pan 权值(wPan)和I权值(wI)的最佳取值。结果表明，对于Visual-Pan方法而言，当0.2＜α＜0.25时，可以获得非常好的融合效果; 而 对于线形加权匹配方法而言，当wpan=3/4、wI=1/4时，融合图像的空间特征与光谱特征可以达到最佳效果。     

面向对象的矿山地表要素信息提取方法研究

矿山地表要素提取,可为矿山的合理开发利用、尾矿的管理、土地复垦、生态修复提供数据支撑,具有重要的实践意义。本文以湘西花垣县某铅锌矿区IKONOS影像为数据源,使用4种融合方法:Brovey变换、主成分(PCA)变换、Gram-Schmidt Pan变换、缨帽(KT)变换,对全色影像及多光谱波段进行融合,发现与原始影像相比,KT变换融合影像的光谱信息、空间信息保持得最好。基于ENVI中面向对象分层分类的方法,提取研究区内的典型地物,主要包括植被、裸地、道路、建筑物、矿石堆、尾矿库及蓄水池,并进行识别精度评价,总体精度达86.12%,Kappa系数为0.834 7。结果表明,面向对象分层分类的方法能有效地应用于复杂铅锌矿区的地物提取。     

SPOT6卫星图像处理关键技术研究

从正射纠正、图像融合及波段选择与组合等关键技术入手,对2012年9月获取的SPOT6卫星图像进行处理,初步研究结果表明:在正射纠正中,在辅助信息相同且精度较高的前提下,利用有理函数模型(rational function model,RFM)和严格物理模型(rigorous physical model,RPM)纠正的图像均能达到1∶1.5万比例尺正射影像图的制图精度,但RPM方法的纠正精度明显优于RFM的,且对地面控制点数量需求上,RPM最少需要8个,而RFM仅需要3~4个;在图像融合中,Pan Sharp变换法融合的图像在信息量、光谱特征和边缘特征等方面具有综合优势;在波段选择及组合中,若以信息提取为目的,认为B4(R)B1(G)[(B2+B3)/2](B)波段组合最优,若以制图为目的,选择B3(R)B2(G)B1(B)波段组合效果更佳。     

基于倾斜摄影技术的济南市矿山地质环境监测

利用倾斜摄影技术,采用SWDC-5航摄仪获取济南市监测矿山范围内2019年倾斜影像,制作济南市监测矿山范围实景三维模型.叠加年度监测图斑,对比2014—2018年监测成果,在Skyline平台的矿山地质环境调查系统下进行数据融合和属性挂接,通过内外业协同作业,对济南市2018年矿山破坏性开采、超层越界等现象进行了调查,查明了矿山地质环境破坏、地质灾害隐患等情况.结果表明:基于倾斜摄影技术开展矿山地质环境监测,数据处理自动化程度高、人员投入少,满足了矿山地质环境管理需求的数据成果,生产周期较传统方式缩短一半以上.     

基于像素级遥感图像融合方法对比与评价

多时相、不同空间分辨率遥感图像数据融合能较大幅度提高融合图像的解像力,在遥感影像解译中一种好的融合方法可以提高影像的质量,从而提升影像的解译结果。本文以隆昌县为试验区,采用Brovey、PCA、HIS和Gram-Schmidt 4种融合方法对试验区ETM+影像的高空间分辨率Pan波段和多光谱432波段进行融合。通过平均值、标准差、平均梯度、信息熵、相关系数和扭曲程度对这些融合方法进行评价。评价结果表明4种融合方法都能不同程度的改善影像质量,其中Brovey融合法光谱失真度小,清晰度和空间分辨率较高,影像所含信息量丰富,更适合于隆昌ETM+影像的融合处理。     

CBERS-02 CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器的敦煌场地在轨绝对辐射定标及对比分析

中国资源卫星应用中心于2005年8月，利用敦煌场地分别对CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器进行在轨绝对辐射定标。本文对此次地面同步测量数据进行了处理分析，基于反射率法计算出了CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4HRVIR1两个传感器各波段的定标系数。其中，SPOT-4HRVIR1的定标结果与法国官方8月份提供的定标系数相比，差异在6％内，满足法方对绝对辐射定标精度的要求。此外，应用定标系数分别将两个传感器的图像数据反演成地表反射率图像，对它们进行了对比分析。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.