GEO导航卫星定轨观测模型

根据GEO导航卫星的轨道特性,给出了严密的伪距观测和载波相位观测数学模型;讨论了其轨道和星钟差的解算条件,以及多星组差定轨的可行性。结果表明:在利用伪距时,如果测站钟差已知,需要4个以上站的数据才能进行定轨和星钟解算;如果站钟、星钟钟差已知,需要3个以上站的数据才能确定轨道。在利用站间组差伪距时,须有4个以上测站的钟差信息才能进行轨道和星钟解算;利用GEO卫星与MEO(IGSO)卫星组差定轨时,需要GEO卫星钟差已知且有3组星间组差数据。利用GEO卫星载波相位观测资料,不能单独解算轨道。     

GEO导航卫星定轨观测模型

根据GEO导航卫星的轨道特性,给出了严密的伪距观测和载波相位观测数学模型;讨论了其轨道和星钟差的解算条件,以及多星组差定轨的可行性.结果表明:在利用伪距时,如果测站钟差已知,需要4个以上站的数据才能进行定轨和星钟解算;如果站钟、星钟钟差已知,需要3个以上站的数据才能确定轨道.在利用站间组差伪距时,须有4个以上测站的钟差信息才能进行轨道和星钟解算;利用GEO卫星与MEO(IGSO)卫星组差定轨时,需要GEO卫星钟差已知且有3组星间组差数据.利用GEO卫星载波相位观测资料,不能单独解算轨道.     

基于自发自收测距的GEO卫星精密定轨

对于基于伪距测量模式的GEO卫星定轨,需要星地时间同步和站问时间同步的支持,因此卫星钟差和接收机钟差的精度直接制约了GEO卫星的定轨精度.自发自收式测距的观测数据并不含有卫星钟差和接收机钟差信患,定轨解算中避免了钟差精度带来的影响,可以实现GEO卫星的精密定轨.此处采用GEO卫星的自发自收武测距数据进行精密定轨试验,分析和讨论了基于自发自收式测距的GEO卫星精密定轨策略,提出了卫星轨控后轨道快速恢复的定轨策略.试验结果表明:轨道的内符R方向精度为1.615 m,位置精度为11.642m,定轨残差为0.279m;轨道恢复1 h后的定轨位置精度优于60m,恢复6 h后的定轨位置精度优于15m,定轨残差在0.15 m左右.     

基于转发式的北斗卫星导航系统地球静止轨道卫星精密定轨试验

地球静止轨道卫星(GEO)在北斗卫星导航系统(Compass)的卫星导航中具有特别重要的作用,除了利用导航系统自身的伪距相位以外,利用其他的测轨系统对其进行精密定轨有着重要的意义。利用国家授时中心的转发式测轨网对Compass的GEO卫星进行观测,获取转发式测轨数据,利用该数据对Compass的GEO卫星进行精密定轨分析。分别从观测数据的观测精度,定轨残差以及轨道重叠误差等方面分析GEO卫星的定轨精度。     

北斗GEO/IGSO/MEO卫星定轨地面站构型影响分析及其优化

GNSS卫星定轨精度主要取决于卫星动力学模型精度和GNSS几何观测信息。由于北斗GEO/IGSO卫星静地、高轨特性,以及力学模型不精确等原因,地面几何观测信息对轨道改进至关重要。本文讨论了北斗GEO/IGSO/MEO卫星定轨地面站分布影响及优化改进方法。在简化动力学定轨模型基础上,探讨多历元几何观测信息累积对轨道的改进;研究了北斗导航卫星定轨理想几何构型条件,得到影响定轨精度的几何因子,包括测站数量、覆盖范围、分布密度;利用离散概率密度方法研究地面站构型,分析了3类卫星轨道改进机理和优化方法。通过算例,讨论了增加5个中国区域基准站改善离散概率密度指标,优化全球北斗卫星定轨构型,发现GEO和IGSO卫星精度改善最为明显,MEO卫星改善最小;其中GEO卫星提高了10%,IGSO卫星提高了16%,MEO卫星提高了4%。     

转发式测距数据支持的GEO导航卫星精密定轨

地球静止轨道GEO卫星定轨是精密定轨领域的难点.依托我国区域范围地面跟踪网实际,提出了转发式测距数据支持下的GEO导航卫星精密定轨方案.从定轨精度、设备时延和伪距站对GEO轨道精度影响等方面进行了深入分析.试验结果证明:1 ns的时延误差引进的GEO轨道径向和位置误差分别为0.121 m和3.505 m.在多个转发式测距跟踪站约束的条件下伪距对定轨精度贡献非常有限,但通过星地钟差的估计可以实现时间同步,同步精度优于1 ns.这为时间同步提供了一种新的方法.当转发式测距跟踪站有限时伪距对GEO定轨的贡献非常明显,1CC(转发式跟踪站)+7L(伪距站)联合定轨条件下的轨道精度优于5 m.从而解决了GEO卫星精密定轨问题,同时实现了星地和站间时间同步以及卫星轨道与钟差参数的自洽.     

基于星载GPS数据的GRACE卫星动力学法定轨

利用GRACEA卫星的星载GPS观测数据,采用非差动力学低轨卫星定轨方法,解算了2012年1月11日至18日的卫星轨道,将得到的结果与GFZ发布的RSO轨道进行对比分析,并通过SLR观测数据进行轨道的校验。结果表明：定轨精度满足低轨卫星精密定轨的要求,与RSO轨道比较,在X、Y、Z方向的均方根误差的平均值分别为4．7cm、4．3cm和4．9cm;通过SLR观测数据进行校验,残差平均值为-1．6cm,均方根误差为4．7cm．     

星地SLR和星间链路的BDS-3卫星精密定轨EI北大核心CSCD

目前,BDS-3卫星上已全部搭载星间链路设备,可利用星间双向测量数据分离卫星相对钟差和相对几何距离解耦卫星轨道和钟差,再把星间距离作为观测量结合地面测量数据进行星地星间联合定轨。人卫激光测距(SLR)技术不受载波相位模糊度、钟差等因素的影响,数据处理过程相对于GNSS技术的数据处理更简单,可以作为一种独立于GNSS观测技术的测量手段。所有BDS卫星上已搭载激光角反射器,因此本文利用2020年1月北斗星间链路数据及少量SLR数据对11颗BDS-3卫星(MEO/IGSO/GEO)进行联合精密定轨试验。分析结果表明,基于SLR和星间链路的3类轨道类型的BDS-3卫星定轨精度相当,轨道精度径向为4.2 cm,三维精度为30.2 cm;卫星轨道预报12 h和24 h MEO卫星三维精度约40.0 cm,IGSO三维精度优于60.0 cm;GEO卫星三维精度约1.0 m。在精密定轨的同时解算地球自转参数(ERP),由于激光数据量少,极移精度约3.0 mas,日长变化精度为0.35 ms。利用少量SLR观测数据和星间链路测量数据联合可以实现导航卫星的高精度定轨,如果能够对BDS卫星加强激光观测,有助于提升轨道精度,为BDS自主可控空间基准参数解算提供参考。     

模糊度固定的北斗卫星多系统融合精密轨道确定

利用全球分布的IGS和MGEX站多模观测数据,研究了北斗卫星多系统融合双差动力学精密定轨方法,提出了适应北斗系统的双差模糊度固定策略。结合实测数据,对比了单系统与多系统融合、模糊度固定解与浮点解的定轨效果。结果表明：相比单系统定轨,多系统融合定轨能有效改进IGSO和MEO卫星轨道精度,但对于GEO卫星,多系统融合定轨并无优势;利用改进的模糊度固定策略对IGSO和MEO卫星双差模糊度进行固定,有效提高了长基线模糊度固定率,整体固定成功率由40%提高到60%以上;模糊度固定对定轨精度改进作用明显,IGSO和MEO卫星三维定轨精度分别提高了48%和36%,达到0.048 m和0.066 m。     

GRACE卫星非差简化动力学定轨研究

本文基于卫星精密定轨的基本理论,研究了GRACE卫星非差简化动力学定轨的方法;并用自行研制的定轨软件CASMORD对实测的星载GPS数据进行非差数据的简化动力学定轨,通过比较GRACE卫星解算的轨道与JPL事后轨道及SLR测距信息,结果表明:利用非差观测值进行CRACE卫星的简化动力学定轨,三维位置精度(3D-RMS)...     

Improving BeiDou precise orbit determination using observations of onboard MEO satellite receivers

In recent years, the precise orbit determination (POD) of the regional Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been a hot spot because of its special constellation consisting of five geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites and five inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO) satellites besides four medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites since the end of 2012. GEO and IGSO satellites play an important role in regional BDS applications. However, this brings a great challenge to the POD, especially for the GEO satellites due to their geostationary orbiting. Though a number of studies have been carried out to improve the POD performance of GEO satellites, the result is still much worse than that of IGSO and MEO, particularly in the along-track direction. The major reason is that the geostationary characteristic of a GEO satellite results in a bad geometry with respect to the ground tracking network. In order to improve the tracking geometry of the GEO satellites, a possible strategy is to mount global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers on MEO satellites to collect the signals from GEO/IGSO GNSS satellites so as that these observations can be used to improve GEO/IGSO POD. We extended our POD software package to simulate all the related observations and to assimilate the MEO-onboard GNSS observations in orbit determination. Based on GPS and BDS constellations, simulated studies are undertaken for various tracking scenarios. The impact of the onboard GNSS observations is investigated carefully and presented in detail. The results show that MEO-onboard observations can significantly improve the orbit precision of GEO satellites from metres to decimetres, especially in the along-track direction. The POD results of IGSO satellites also benefit from the MEO-onboard data and the precision can be improved by more than 50% in 3D direction.     

小型化LEO星座与BDS-3全星座联合定轨仿真

受限于区域监测站及地球静止轨道(geosynchronous earth orbit,GEO)卫星的静地特性,北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou satellite navigation system,BDS)定轨精度较差,加入低轨卫星(low earth orbit,LEO)星载数据可显著提升定轨精度.使用一种由24颗L...     

北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法

针对北斗导航卫星系统首创的GEO+IGSO+MEO混合星座设计,本文研究了根据不同星座,采取不同约束条件和数据处理策略的北斗卫星精密定轨方法,提出了一种针对北斗系统混合星座的分层约束精密定轨方案。该方案首先将北斗卫星分为非GEO(IGSO/MEO)和GEO两部分进行解算,利用GPS解算的公共参数对北斗IGSO/MEO精密定轨形成有效约束,然后固定GPS和北斗IGSO/MEO解算结果,最后单独对北斗GEO卫星进行强约束下的轨道解算。利用实测数据进行了精密定轨试验,试验结果表明:采用本文提出的方法,北斗GEO卫星和非GEO卫星三维重叠弧段轨道精度分别为0.688 m和0.042 m,比传统方法分别提高了54.2%和72.4%。另外,采用激光测距检核和测站坐标静态精密单点定位的方法对轨道精度进行了验证,激光检核精度提高了44.3%,测站坐标在水平和高程方向上精度分别平均提升了21.5%和20.7%。     

北斗GEO卫星精密定轨的最优构型研究与仿真

北斗三号（BDS-3）的地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星提供多项特色服务,但其精密定轨精度较低,除了高轨及静地特性以外,全球监测站的构型是影响其定轨精度的重要因素. 本文基于卫星定轨的基本原理,将观测方程线性化;利用正交三角函数,将几何精度因子（GDOP）参数化并投影到地面,以监测站构型方式表达;采用嵌套圆锥构型,得出监测站分布与GEO卫星定轨精度之间的关系;最后进行仿真实验,得到了一类理论上监测站构型的最优解.      

Beidou satellite maneuver thrust force estimation for precise orbit determination

Beidou satellites, especially geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, need to be frequently maneuvered to keep them in position due to various perturbations. The satellite ephemerides are not available during such maneuver periods. Precise estimation of thrust forces acting on satellites would provide continuous ephemerides during maneuver periods and could significantly improve orbit accuracy immediately after the maneuver. This would increase satellite usability for both real-time and post-processing applications. Using 1 year of observations from the Multi-GNSS Experiment network (MGEX), we estimate the precise maneuver periods for all Beidou satellites and the thrust forces. On average, GEO and IGSO satellites in the Beidou constellation are maneuvered 12 and 2 times, respectively, each year. For GEO satellites, the maneuvers are mainly in-plane, while out-of-plane maneuvers are observed for IGSO satellites and a small number of GEO satellites. In most cases, the Beidou satellite maneuver periods last 15–25 min, but can be as much as 2 h for the few out-of-plane maneuvers of GEO satellites. The thrust forces acting on Beidou satellites are normally in the order of 0.1–0.7 mm/s². This can cause changes in velocity of GEO/IGSO satellites in the order of several decimeters per second. In the extreme cases of GEO out-of-plane maneuvers, very large cross-track velocity changes are observed, namely 28 m/s, induced by 5.4 mm/s² thrust forces. Also, we demonstrate that by applying the estimated thrust forces in orbit integration, the orbit errors can be estimated at decimeter level in along- and cross-track directions during normal maneuver periods, and 1–2 m in all the orbital directions for the enormous GEO out-of-plane maneuver.     

Enhanced orbit determination for BeiDou satellites with FengYun-3C onboard GNSS data

GPS Solutions - A key limitation for precise orbit determination of BeiDou satellites, particularly for satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO), is the relative weak geometry of ground stations....     

Precise orbit determination of BeiDou constellation: method comparison

Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system is in official service as a regional constellation with five geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, five inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO) satellites and four medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. There are mainly two methods for precise orbit determination of the BeiDou constellation found in the current literatures. One is the independent single-system method, where only BeiDou observations are used without help from other GNSS systems. The other is the two-step GPS-assisted method where in the first step, GPS data are used to resolve some common parameters, such as station coordinates, receiver clocks and zenith tropospheric delay parameters, which are then introduced as known quantities in BeiDou processing in the second step. We conduct a thorough performance comparison between the two methods. Observations from the BeiDou experimental tracking stations and the IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment network from January 1 to March 31, 2013, are processed with the Positioning and Navigation Data Analyst (PANDA) software. The results show that for BeiDou IGSO and MEO satellites, the two-step GPS-assisted method outperforms the independent single-system method in both internal orbit overlap precision and external satellite laser ranging validation. For BeiDou GEO satellites, the two methods show close performances. Zenith tropospheric delays estimated from the first method are very close to those estimated from GPS precise point positioning in the second method, with differences of several millimeters. Satellite clock estimates from the two methods show similar performances when assessing the stability of the BeiDou on board clocks.     

星蚀期北斗卫星轨道性能分析——SLR检核结果

星蚀期北斗卫星的轨道性能是北斗卫星导航系统性能分析的重要部分。了解北斗卫星导航系统星历中星蚀期轨道的精度,不仅可为系统服务性能评估提供支持,还有助于了解星蚀期精密定轨中相关模型可能存在的问题,进而为精密定轨函数模型改进提供参考。本文基于2014年1月至2015年7月的卫星激光测距资料,重点分析了星蚀期对北斗不同类型卫星轨道的影响,同时也对北斗广播星历和精密星历中整体轨道径向精度进行检核。结果表明:星蚀期内(尤其是偏航机动期间),IGSO/MEO卫星的广播星历和精密星历轨道均存在明显的精度下降;广播星历轨道径向误差达1.5~2.0m,精密星历轨道径向误差超过10.0cm。但仅从轨道径向残差序列中难以发现星蚀期对GEO卫星轨道是否有显著影响。非星蚀期间,IGSO/MEO卫星和GEO卫星的广播星历轨道径向精度分别优于0.5 m和0.9 m。IGSO/MEO卫星的精密星历轨道径向精度优于10.0cm,GEO卫星的轨道径向精度约50.0cm,且存在40.0cm左右的系统性偏差。