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传统摄影测量是基于测点的前方交会和后方交会,所以共线方程(即物点、像点与摄影中心位于一条直线上)是整个摄影测量的核心.相对定向和绝对定向则基于同名像点共面的思想,而在工业计量测量和飞机姿态测量等领域,大量存在的是一些直线或者曲线,并不存在明确意义的点.因此,提出了基于广义点的相对定向和绝对定向的方法,解决了传统相对定向和绝对定向不能解决的问题,理论上证明该方法是可行的. 相似文献
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依据灭点理论,推导了空间铅垂线与航空影像的空间姿态角之间的关系及其相应的误差方程式,并分析了铅垂线辅助的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向中所需的控制点数。最后,通过实际数据的试验研究了铅垂线辅助的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向的精度与可靠性。试验结果表明,在传统的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向中引入铅垂线约束条件,不仅定向精度与传统的基于控制点的绝对定向精度相当,而且可以减少所需的控制点数以及定向精度对控制点分布的依赖性。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于相交直线的相对定向方法,提取同名相交直线特征,根据相交条件方程获得相对定向元素。该方法完全不需要同名点数据,能够解决因同名点不足而无法准确定向的问题。通过航空影像、近景影像和倾斜影像的实验表明,该方法能够获得稳定的相对定向结果。采用本文提出的算法与传统的相对定向方法进行联合平差,能够进一步提高相对定向结果的精度和稳定性。 相似文献
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进入90年代,数字摄影测量得到了飞速发展,相继有许多数字摄影测量系统出现。本文对数字摄影测量系统的基础之一——数字相对定向作了理论和实验研究,提出了一种基于特征点组的金字塔结构的自动相对定向方法,即用Fstner算子选择定向点,用金字塔结构影像数据相关定向点,最后用最小二乘相关获取的点位进行相对定向计算。实验证明,该方法是可行的,取得了满意的结果。 相似文献
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直线摄影测量观测值的冗余度和相关性分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过分析直线摄影测量以及由此而扩展的广义点摄影测量的条件方程式,从理论和试验上证明了观测值之间的相关性和冗余度,讨论了用直线摄影测量进行空间后方交会的必要观测及观测值分布对精度的影响,为基于已有矢量航空影像自动外定向奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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相对于普通摄影拍摄,摄影测量所用的数码相机必须精确测定相机内方位元素和相机畸变参数。但传统的基于空间后方交会的检校方法需要进行大量的外业量测工作,效率低下。本文提出一种基于"相对定向--空间后方交会"的数码相机检校方法可以有效的优化物方点三维坐标解算模型,实现控制点空间三维坐标的快速获取,减少大量外业量测工作,实现数码相机的快速校验。 相似文献
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改进了传统近似垂直摄影条件下的立体像对相对定向算法,提出了一种基于倾斜摄影条件下的解算立体像对相对方位元素的新算法,并将其应用于不同视角倾斜影像组成的立体像对的相对定向。以单独像对相对定向系统为基础,重新推导了小倾斜情况下的共面条件方程形式,进一步分析了大倾斜情况下的解算工作,给出了重新确定相对方位元素初值和对倾斜像片像点坐标进行旋转变换这两种方案。为了验证本文方法的正确性,用Z/I DMC面阵数字相机拍摄的嵩山地区检校场的航空影像进行测试。实验结果表明:本文提出的方法能够解决倾斜摄影条件下非下视影像或旋角过大影像的相对定向问题,解算结果满足了相对方位元素精度要求。 相似文献
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目前对单位四元数描述空间旋转的应用,基本上是将其转换成旋转矩阵的形式,而忽略了单位四元数描述空间向量旋转具有描述几何关系的直观性以及运算简洁的优势。基于此提出一种基于单位四元数的单独像对相对定向法,方法首先采用向量描述同名光线,然后利用单位四元数描述立体像对中左右影像同名光线的变换关系,建立单位四元数共面条件方程模型,再按照带有约束条件的间接平差原理进行最小二乘平差,确定相对定向元素。针对RC30航空影像和低空无人机影像采用单位四元数法分别进行单独像对相对定向实验,结果表明单位四元数相对定向方法计算精度较高,为解决摄影测量中坐标变换问题提供更多选择。 相似文献
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Relative orientation is one of the fundamental steps in forming a photogrammetric model. Whilst relative orientation is straightforward in most cases of aerial photogrammetry this may not be the case in close range photogrammetry where the nature of the photographs and the cameras being used often raise unfamiliar problems. This paper addresses the problem of performing relative orientation of non-metric photographs under unstable conditions where there are no ground control points and the ray intersection geometry is poor. The relative orientation problem is approached from several viewpoints, including a method that relies on little information about the exterior or relative orientation parameters. The solution is based on an iterative process, in which a set of three virtual control points (VCPs) is created, using photo coordinates and range ratios. The validity of the VCPs is checked during every iteration by an estimation of the coplanarity condition using two or more conjugate checkpoints. During the iteration a database is formed, which is then used to obtain a net of VCPs that fulfil the coplanarity condition for the checkpoints. The VCPs are then used to compute the "relative" exterior orientation by space resection. The proposed method was tested on both simulated and real photographs and was found to have some advantages over more commonly used techniques. 相似文献
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The determination of the attitude, the position and the intrinsic geometric characteristics of the camera is recognised as the fundamental photogrammetric problem. It can be summarised as the determination of camera interior and exterior orientation parameters, as well as the determination of 3D coordinates of object points. The term "exterior orientation"of an image refers to its position and orientation related to an exterior (object space) coordinate system. Several methods can be applied to determine the parameters of the orientation of one, two or more photos. The orientation can be processed in steps (as relative and absolute orientation) but simultaneous methods (such as bundle adjustments) are now available in many software packages. Several methods have also been developed for the orientation of single images. They are based in general on geometric and topological characteristics of imaged objects.
This paper presents a survey of classical and modern methods for the determination of the exterior parameters in photogrammetry, some of which are available as software packages (with practical examples) on the Internet. The methods presented are classified in three principal groups. In the first, a selection of approximate methods for applications that do not require great accuracy is presented. Such methods are also used to calculate values required for iterative processes. In the second group, standard point–based methods derived from collinearity, coplanarity or coangularity conditions are briefly reviewed, followed by line–based approaches. The third group represents orientation methods based on constraints and on concepts of projective geometry, which are becoming of increasing interest for photogrammetrists. In the last section, the paper gives a summary of existing strategies for automatic exterior orientation in aerial photogrammetry. 相似文献
This paper presents a survey of classical and modern methods for the determination of the exterior parameters in photogrammetry, some of which are available as software packages (with practical examples) on the Internet. The methods presented are classified in three principal groups. In the first, a selection of approximate methods for applications that do not require great accuracy is presented. Such methods are also used to calculate values required for iterative processes. In the second group, standard point–based methods derived from collinearity, coplanarity or coangularity conditions are briefly reviewed, followed by line–based approaches. The third group represents orientation methods based on constraints and on concepts of projective geometry, which are becoming of increasing interest for photogrammetrists. In the last section, the paper gives a summary of existing strategies for automatic exterior orientation in aerial photogrammetry. 相似文献
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结合现代数字摄影测量原理、数据库接口技术及Ransac鲁棒分析算法开发出基于无人机影像特点的数字摄影测量系统。主要介绍了该系统的设计思路及核心技术的实现原理。系统首先通过自动化的影像匹配获取同名点,再由相对定向和绝对定向生成3维离散点,最后构建可量测的3维DEM模型。该系统已用于实际工程,具有较高的准确性和实用性。 相似文献