基于冻土地带建造GPS参考站的技术探讨

总结了高原冻土地带建造GPS参考站施工过程遇到的技术难点,分析了原因,提出了解决办法,通过实践总结了一些新的技术方案,有效解决建造设计和施工中的难点,大大提高了功效,节约了经费,提高了建造质量。     

市县挂图更新方法的研究

利用挂图内图廓联系数据库,建立了挂图现势资料数据库,同时从数据库中提取了现势数据并对挂图进行了更新,保证了挂图的现势性与系统性,更好地发挥了地理信息为经济建设服务的作用。同时系统地总结了现势资料信息与资料的收集和整理方法,解决了目前收集信息的分散性,提高了信息的利用效率,避免了重复测绘,提高了其利用程度。     

黑龙江省测绘学会成立大会简况

黑龙江省测绘学会于一九六五年十一月二十六日至十二月三日,在哈尔滨科学宫举行了成立大会。会议传达了中国测绘学会第一届会员代表大会及第一届综合性学术年会的精神;总结了一年来的筹备工作,讨论了今后任务;通过了学会工作条例;选举了理事,组成了第一届理事会;制订了今后三年的学术活动初步规划和一九六六年的工作计划;通过了致全省测绘工作者的一封信。     

巩固成绩,总结经验,进一步加强劳动保护工作

国家测绘总局所属各生产单位1961年的劳动保护工作,在各级党委的直接领导下已经进一步加强了。主要是：加强了对劳动保护工作的组织和领导,进行了安全生产教育,初步制订并试行了规章制度,适当地解决了必要的防护用品,初步建立了安全组织,从分局到作业小组一般都指定了专人或兼职负责安全的工作人员;开始注意了对发生伤亡事故原因的分析和采取相应的预防措施;重视了对安全生产工作经验的总结;贯彻了劳逸结合和对职工生活的安排。通过这些工作,进一步加强了职工的安全思想,大大地消灭了不安全的因素,减少了伤亡事故,使职工的死亡率由1960年的千分之2.1下降到千分之1.5,降低了29％。总的说来,1961年的劳动保护工作是有成绩的,对完成生产任务起了一定的促进作用。     

测绘资料数字档案馆建设——以北京市为例

本文完整阐述了测绘资料数字档案馆的建设方法及过程。介绍了测绘资料数字档案的内容并分析了其特点,确定了测绘资料数字档案馆建设的主要工作:明确了标准规范建设的主要工作内容,描述了馆藏资料档案扫描和整理的流程和质量控制方法,提出了三库分离的档案数据库物理设计思想和逻辑关系。在北京市进行了典型开发和应用实践,并对该项目进行了总结分析,指出了档案信息化是今后档案工作的重点。     

提高认识扎实工作不断提高年鉴和机关刊办刊水平—在《中国国土资源年鉴》、《国土资源通讯》工作会议上的讲话

同志们: 《中国国土资源年鉴》、《国土资源通讯》工作会议今天就要结束了。会上,李元副部长作了重要讲话,刘允洲、吴哗同志分别作了年鉴和机关刊的年度工作报告。江西、山东、陕西、吉林、四川、辽宁、湖北等省的同志介绍了办刊做法和经验。与会同志认真学习了李元副部长的讲话精神,就进一步提高年鉴的质量和时效、增强机关刊的可读性和感染力提出了许多好的意见和建议。大家集中精力、热情参与,积极思考、踊跃发言,进一步统一了办刊思想,交流了办刊经验,明确了办刊思路,达到了预期目的。这次会议,年鉴工作和机关刊工作两个会议一起开,降低了成本,节约了时间,提高了效率,取得了圆满成功。     

陕西省测绘学会召开第二届代表大会暨第二次综合性学术年会

陕西省测绘学会于五月四日至八日召开了第二届代表大会暨第二次综合性学术年会。会议总结了第一届理事会的工作，选举组成了第二届理事会，举行了综合性学术年会，检阅了近几年来的测绘科学技术成果，交流了经验。     

国家地理信息公共服务平台——天地图的创建发展及战略价值

介绍了国家地理信息公共服务平台——天地图的创建背景和发展情况,展示了天地图的运行模式,对比了天地图与其他大型地图平台之间的异同,展现了天地图的行业优势及应用,客观分析了天地图的战略价值并讨论了不足,设想了天地图的发展可能性。     

新疆似大地水准面成果的精度验证

简述了影响似大地水准面精度的因素,阐述了对新疆似大地水准面精度进行验证的方式与方法,笔者采用了先进的计算方法,选取了大量的实践数据对该水准面的精度进行了较为全面的验证,得出了精度较为准确的验证结果,并提出了成果应用建议。     

面向对象的三维动态实物模型建模技术

总结了面向对象三维建模思想,对模型的组成、结构和框架进行了详细的分析,提出了面向对象的三维动态模型的概念,并建立了模型的数据构成方式,还在此基础上对此结构进行了简化,对由此数据结构产生的文件进行了深入系统的剖析,并给出了实验系统的演示效果.     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

傅科第一类回转仪运动的扰动级数分析

本文对只在陀螺力矩作用下傅科第一类回转仪的运动规律进行了扰动级数分析，推导了其运动周期公式，并与其线性解进行了比较，同时用动能法分析了该系统的稳定性．     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.     

THE NAMING OF THE STARS

Abstract

The order of the constellations in the following catalogue is that of the list in Ptolemy's “Almagest, except that the modern groups in the northern hemisphere are inserted after Ptolemy's northern and before his zodiacal constellations, while the modern groups in the southern hemisphere follow the last of his list. The constellation-name in italic capitals is the Latin form in general use. It is followed by the English translation where necessary and by the French and German versions. The Greek and Arabic names, with their authorities, are then given and translated where they differ in meaning from the Latin.     

关于精密水准测量中因瓦标尺的温度改正问题

标尺误差是精密水准测量的一项重要误差来源。其中由于温度变化而引起因瓦带的长度变化,是使用因瓦标尺带来的误差之一。国内外有关文献曾对此进行过深入的研究。我国过去在精密水准测量时,未测定所用因瓦标尺的综合膨胀系数,故在一等水准网平差中未对观测高差加标尺温度改正。本文主要针对将要开始的精密水准复测,讨论标尺的温度改正问题和我们的试验结果。