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影响喀斯特流域地貌发育的因素复杂多样,除岩性、气候等条件外,流域水系特征及高程、流域坡度和流域切割程度和流域地表形态特征等也是影响喀斯特流域地貌发育的重要因素。本文根据贵州省ASTER影像,利用RS和GIS技术,提取DEM数据;以DEM数据、TM影像和CBERS影像为基础,选取32个喀斯特流域,探讨分析影响地貌发育的五大因素,并提取25个指标;借助MATLAB和Spss软件进行数据处理和主成分分析,得出影响地貌发育的九个主成分,得出影响喀斯特地貌发育从大到小的因素是流域水系特征及高程、流域坡度和流域切割程度和流域地表形态特征。 相似文献
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基于TM/ETM+和MODIS的漓江流域生态环境遥感动态监测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为调查漓江流域近30 a来的生态环境变化,开展了基于TM/ETM+和MODIS遥感长、短周期结合的动态监测研究。通过对3期
Landsat-5/7 TM/ETM+遥感影像的信息提取、模式识别和实际调查,发现造成漓江上游生态环境退化的主要原因与漓江水源林遭人
为破坏、城市化扩展和水质污染等因素有关。通过对MODIS-NDVI和水体反射波谱分析,初步探明了流域区植被总量的季节变化规律
和漓江水体污染的遥感反射波谱特征,确定了水质遥感监测的最佳MODIS波段,得到了研究区的植被覆盖、城市扩展变化及河流水
质变化信息。 相似文献
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水系是具有高度结构化特征的复杂空间数据,在不同水文条件和地形环境下发育的水系形态可以表现为多种模式,如格状河系、羽毛状河系、平行状河系等,使得水系选取具有较大难度。探讨了河流分级(汇流区域特征)、河网结构层次化(河流分布的地理特征)与水系选取之间的关系,提出了基于流域的河流自动选取,从河流的局部重要性出发,考虑河流的分级主要基于两点:一是确定选取单元为流域;二是对流域内河流通过等级关系选取高等级河流,同等级间河流根据长度、密度、河流间距离等综合指标进行选取。 相似文献
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基于DEM的格尔木河流域水系分维分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分形理论为流域的复杂地貌形态及其发育过程等方面提供了定量依据,为进一步深化流域水系的分形研究,以ASTER-GDEM数据为基础资料,运用GIS水文分析工具提取了格尔木河流域在不同汇流累积量阈值下的水系河网;并用盒维数法计算了相应的水系分维数,以此来描述流域的地貌形态特征;并进一步预测流域地貌的发育演化趋势.研究结果表明:在一定无标区间范围内,汇流累积量阈值和分维数拟合较好;计算得到格尔木河流域的水系分维值处于1.6~1.8之间,据此可以判断出该流域处于地貌侵蚀发育壮年期,并向壮年晚期发展,流域地势起伏大,地面切割得支离破碎、崎岖不平,河流以侧蚀为主,下切作用相对较弱,与流域高程面积积分值计算所得结论一致. 相似文献
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《国土资源遥感》2018,(4)
基于遥感影像的水系提取在地学研究中应用广泛。目前的提取方法大多是依据水系中的水体光谱特征。但是在冲沟、处于枯水期的季节性河流以及长期干涸的河道中,基于水体光谱特征的方法并不适用。为此提出了基于独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)和形态特征的干涸水系提取方法。利用ICA技术将水系与其他地物分解至不同的独立分量,并针对水系分量中少量的非水系信息和噪声,利用基于中值滤波的背景抑制、数学形态学滤波和基于形态特征的噪声消除,对ICA提取的水系进行进一步的图像增强和去噪,最终分割出水系。以内蒙古自治区乌拉特后旗获各琦地区为例,对提出的模型进行实际测试,并与传统的监督分类方法进行了对比。结果表明,本文提出的方法去噪效果更好,在干涸水系提取中的应用效果更为理想,且不需要训练数据,操作简便,具有很强的实用性。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):80-87
Abstract Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable. 相似文献
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软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用. 相似文献
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Tobias Nilsson Benedikt Soja Kyriakos Balidakis Maria Karbon Robert Heinkelmann Zhiguo Deng Harald Schuh 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):857-866
The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis. 相似文献
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In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet. 相似文献
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当目标面与像片平面不平行时,圆形标志的像将为椭圆,椭圆的中心与标志中心的像存在偏差。当标志较大时,此偏差将显著影响求解的精度。揭示了偏差的方向性,导出了求解偏差的方程,给出了偏差的解算步骤 相似文献