基于冻土地带建造GPS参考站的技术探讨

总结了高原冻土地带建造GPS参考站施工过程遇到的技术难点,分析了原因,提出了解决办法,通过实践总结了一些新的技术方案,有效解决建造设计和施工中的难点,大大提高了功效,节约了经费,提高了建造质量。     

提高认识扎实工作不断提高年鉴和机关刊办刊水平—在《中国国土资源年鉴》、《国土资源通讯》工作会议上的讲话

同志们: 《中国国土资源年鉴》、《国土资源通讯》工作会议今天就要结束了。会上,李元副部长作了重要讲话,刘允洲、吴哗同志分别作了年鉴和机关刊的年度工作报告。江西、山东、陕西、吉林、四川、辽宁、湖北等省的同志介绍了办刊做法和经验。与会同志认真学习了李元副部长的讲话精神,就进一步提高年鉴的质量和时效、增强机关刊的可读性和感染力提出了许多好的意见和建议。大家集中精力、热情参与,积极思考、踊跃发言,进一步统一了办刊思想,交流了办刊经验,明确了办刊思路,达到了预期目的。这次会议,年鉴工作和机关刊工作两个会议一起开,降低了成本,节约了时间,提高了效率,取得了圆满成功。     

市县挂图更新方法的研究

利用挂图内图廓联系数据库,建立了挂图现势资料数据库,同时从数据库中提取了现势数据并对挂图进行了更新,保证了挂图的现势性与系统性,更好地发挥了地理信息为经济建设服务的作用。同时系统地总结了现势资料信息与资料的收集和整理方法,解决了目前收集信息的分散性,提高了信息的利用效率,避免了重复测绘,提高了其利用程度。     

在首届国土资源节约集约模范县（市）表彰大会交流总结会上的讲话

经过大家一天半的共同努力,首届国土资源节约集约利用模范县（市）表彰大会完成了预定议程,就要圆满结束了。这次会议正如大家总结的那样,规模大、规格高、内容实、效果好,令人鼓舞、催人振奋,既表彰了先进、宣扬了典型,又交流了经验、提高了认识,明确了任务,会议开得很成功。     

以改革创新精神全面加强国土资源党建工作——在中共国土资源部直属机关委员会第十六次全体会议上的讲话

刚才,李建勤同志代表部直属机关党委常委会作了工作报告,总结了2007年的工作,提出了2008年的工作部署。各位委员进行了认真的讨论、审议,对报告发表了很好的意见,全委会审议并原则通过了工作报告,同意2008年的工作部署。会后,机关党委要按照大家的意见,对文件作进一步修改,尽快上报下发,抓紧落实。     

服务社会 成果共享——山东省嘉祥县加强第二次全国土地调查成果应用的做法

第二次全国土地调查是一次重大国情国力的调查,摸清了最新、最全的土地资源家底,查清了土地利用现状,掌握了各类土地资源底数,建成了全国土地利用基础数据库,实现了调查成果管理的数字化,自下而上建成了县、市、省、国家四级土地调查数据库,构建起土地变更调查新机制,实现了常态化土地利用变化监测,形成了国土资源管理“一张图”,构建起覆盖土地“批、供、用、补、查”和矿产资源勘查开发利用等综合监管平台,大大提升了国土资源管理能力,     

利用BP网络识别点状地图符号的研究

在利用BP网络识别点状地图符号的过程中,提出了三项改进措施,简化了数据获取,提高了网络收敛速度。通过对训练样本图像的格式分析,实现了输入神经元的简单获取;对神经元、权值数组采取堆内存动态分配的方式,减少了内存占用,极大地提高了权收敛速度;通过对网络拓扑的分析,调整了节点的输出方式,加快了权值改正。     

基于插件技术的大地测量数据集成

研究了当前大地测量数据采集模式,分析了插件系统的信息流程,建立了大地测量数据采集插件接口和数据接口,实现了各种格式的大地测量外业数据的集成,增强了系统的扩展性.     

扫描数字化对点误差的统计特性试验与分析

研究了通过扫描数字化试验,获取了GIS中特征点对点误差的基础数据,分析了误差的成因,讨论了误差的分布规律和统计特性,为扫描数字化精度控制及数据质量的评价提供了参考依据.     

加强理论武装切实转变作风提高党建工作对中心工作的保障能力——在中共国土资源部直属机关委员会第十五次全体会议上的讲话

刚才,李建勤同志代表部直属机关党委常委会向全会作了工作报告,总结了2006年的工作,部署了2007年的工作,各位委员进行了认真讨论,对报告发表了很好的意见,全委会审议并通过了工作报告。机关党委要按照大家的意见,对工作报告做进一步修改,尽快上报下发。     

On the Hipparcos Link to the ICRF derived from VLA and MERLIN radio astrometry

Positions and proper motions obtained from observations by the very large array (VLA) and the multi-element radio-linked interferometer network (MERLIN) are used to establish the link of the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame (HCRF) to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The VLA and MERLIN data are apparently the latest ones published in the literature. Their mean epoch at around 2001 is about 10 years after the epoch of the Hipparcos catalogue and, therefore, the data are considered suitable to check the Hipparcos link established at epoch 1991.25. The parameters of the link, i.e., the angles of frame orientation and the angular rates of frame rotation, are estimated by fitting these parameters to the differences of the optical and radio positions and proper motions of stars common to the Hipparcos catalogue and the VLA and MERLIN data. Both the estimates of the angles of orientation and the angular rates of rotation show nearly consistent but insignificant results for all samples of stars treated. We conclude that not only the size of the samples of 9–15 stars is too small, but also that the accuracy of the radio positions and, above all, of the radio proper motions is insufficient, the latter being based on early-epoch star positions of low accuracy. The present observational data at epoch 2001 suggest that maintenance of the Hipparcos frame is not feasible at this stage.     

SENSOR: a tool for the simulation of hyperspectral remote sensing systems

The consistent end-to-end simulation of airborne and spaceborne earth remote sensing systems is an important task, and sometimes the only way for the adaptation and optimisation of a sensor and its observation conditions, the choice and test of algorithms for data processing, error estimation and the evaluation of the capabilities of the whole sensor system.The presented software simulator SENSOR (Software Environment for the Simulation of Optical Remote sensing systems) includes a full model of the sensor hardware, the observed scene, and the atmosphere in between. The simulator consists of three parts. The first part describes the geometrical relations between scene, sun, and the remote sensing system using a ray-tracing algorithm. The second part of the simulation environment considers the radiometry. It calculates the at-sensor radiance using a pre-calculated multidimensional lookup-table taking the atmospheric influence on the radiation into account. The third part consists of an optical and an electronic sensor model for the generation of digital images. Using SENSOR for an optimisation requires the additional application of task-specific data processing algorithms.The principle of the end-to-end-simulation approach is explained, all relevant concepts of SENSOR are discussed, and first examples of its use are given. The verification of SENSOR is demonstrated. This work is closely related to the Airborne PRISM Experiment (APEX), an airborne imaging spectrometer funded by the European Space Agency.     

Monitoring the Deformation of Cableways

One type of aerial cableway consists of a continuous cable,which works at the same time as carrying cable and drawing cable.This kind of cableway is supported by many towers,which divide the total length in linear sections.even small deviations from the planed layout can increase the strain of the cable and the danger of derailments.The deviations of the position of the towers from the planed layout are due to local sliding or sinking of the foundation or other mechanical movements.Up to now the axis of the cableways were periodically measured by traditional methods. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the possibility of measuring the axis of a cableway with GPS techniques,while the cable is moving.The results show that the proposed measuring device provides precise results in a simple and reliable way.     

A review of ground-based SAR interferometry for deformation measurement

This paper provides a review of ground-based SAR (GBSAR) interferometry for deformation measurement. In the first part of the paper the fundamentals of this technique are provided. Then the main data processing and analysis stages needed to estimate deformations starting from the GBSAR observations are described. This section introduces the two types of GBSAR acquisition modes, i.e., continuous and discontinuous GBSAR, and reviews the different GBSAR processing and analysis methods published in the literature. This is followed by a discussion of the specific technical aspects of GBSAR deformation measurement. A section then summarizes the pros and cons of GBSAR for deformation monitoring. The last part of the paper includes two reviews: one concerning the GBSAR systems described in the literature, including non-strictly SAR systems and a second one addresses the main GBSAR applications.     

Contribution of multispectral (optical and radar) satellite images to the classification of agricultural surfaces

The monitoring of different crops (cultivated plots) and types of surface (bare soils, etc.) is a crucial economic and environmental issue for the management of resources and human activity. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of multispectral satellite imagery (optical and radar) to land use and land cover classification.Object-oriented supervised classifications, based on a Random Forest algorithm, and majority zoning post-processing are used. This study emerges from the experiment on multi-sensor crop monitoring (MCM'10, Baup et al., 2012) conducted in 2010 on a mixed farming area in the southwest of France, near Toulouse. This experiment enabled the regular and quasi-synchronous collection of multi-sensor satellite data and in situ observations, which are used in this study. 211 plots with contrasting characteristics (different slopes, soil types, aspects, farming practices, shapes and surface areas) were monitored to represent the variability of the study area. They can be grouped into four classes of land cover: 39 grassland areas, 100 plots of wheat, 13 plots of barley, 20 plots of rapeseed, and 2 classes of bare soil: 23 plots of small roughness and 16 plots of medium roughness. Satellite radar images in the X-, C- and L-bands (HH polarization) were acquired between 14 and 18 April 2010. Optical images delivered by Formosat-2 and corresponding field data were acquired on 14 April 2010.The results show that combining images acquired in the L-band (Alos) and the optical range (Formosat-2) improves the classification performance (overall accuracy = 0.85, kappa = 0.81) compared to the use of radar or optical data alone. The results obtained for the various types of land cover show performance levels and confusions related to the phenological stage of the species studied, with the geometry of the cover, the roughness states of the surfaces, etc. Performance is also related to the wavelength and penetration depth of the signal providing the images. Thus, the results show that the quality of the classification often increases with increasing wavelength of the images used.     

地图符号及其本质的研究

本文探讨了制约地图符号设计的内在的基本规律,提出了地图符号的约定性原则和等价性原理。把作为地图符号的物质时象同传输过程中的地图符号区别开来,分析了地图符号的价值及价格,并对内涵地图符号和外延地图符号及其相互关系进行了研究,最后提出了新的地图符号分类原理。     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。     

滑坡蠕变与遥感影像上植被异常关系

以滑坡蠕变阶段坡体的蠕变会引起环境条件的改变，进而影响植被生长状况的野外考察客观现实为依据，提出一种间接监测滑坡变化的新方法。利用高分辨率光学遥感技术，对滑坡蠕变阶段遥感影像上坡体上覆植被的异常特征进行判识，建立遥感影像上植被异常与滑坡蠕变的关系，反映滑坡的演化过程，弥补GPS技术、InSAR技术及部分地面监测手段在地势高、地形陡峭、植被茂盛等条件下监测工作的不足，为后续的滑坡预测研究提供帮助。以植被覆盖度较高的新磨村山体高位滑坡为例，首先，对研究区域进行分区；其次，计算各分区的植被覆盖度；最后，利用植被覆盖度分析遥感影像上的植被异常与滑坡蠕变的关系，并根据滑后遥感影像和实地考察情况进行验证。结果显示，2014年—2016年，滑坡的主要物源区、变形体上方细长局部崩滑区和泉眼及冲沟周边的植被覆盖度出现明显的下降，即随着滑坡发生时间的临近，植被受滑坡蠕变的影响变大，植被生长状况变差；而且随着距裸地等滑坡风险较大区域的距离增大，植被受滑坡蠕变的影响变小，植被生长状况变好。这表明，植被异常与滑坡蠕变存在明显的时空相关性，体现了滑坡蠕变阶段遥感影像上植被异常与滑坡蠕变的内在联系，反映了滑坡逐步失稳的演化过程，为进一步预测滑坡的发生提供依据。     

地理本体在动态交通系统中的应用

随着移动定位、移动GIS与物联网等技术的不断发展,动态交通信息的服务能力和服务水平不断提升,对数据管理效率提出了更高要求。本文将本体应用到交通GIS中,借助本体概念层次结构和语义扩展等特性来组织和分析动态交通数据：首先应用本体论的理论和方法,从交通本体的层次模型出发,构建一个简单的交通应用本体;其次以实例的形式给出交通信息本体的系统应用框架;最终就动态交通信息本体实现与应用进行进一步论述。大量实测的试验数据结果表明,本文方法可解决交通信息领域中的多专题动态信息综合管理问题,促进交通信息管理与服务的提升。     

GridGNSS--网格化全球卫星导航系统

计算机网络技术的发展已经使全球的信息资源实现网络互联和页面浏览,新一代的基于IPv6的IP地址方案的实施,将可以满足全球几乎任意的资源连接互联网的需要。随着移动通讯技术的发展,移动互联网和移动IP技术可以使移动用户通过网络实现全球资源的互联和访问。因此,对于通过全球卫星定位系统进行移动目标定位的用户,可以通过移动网络的方式实现传统的数据传输和通讯。随着新一代互联网络的的发展,WebService成为全球信息发布的最主要的平台,基于WebService的GNSS综合信息发布可以实现全球GNSS资源和信息的访问,计算机网格的出现为全球GNSS计算提供技术支持,本文基于网格技术,提出了GNSS网格和GridGNSS的概念,对GridGNSS的功能和研究内容进行了详细分析,并对GridGNSS的实现过程和应用进行了阐述。