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1.
中国西北干旱区TRMM遥感降水探测能力初步评价   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
杨艳芬  罗毅 《干旱区地理》2013,36(3):371-382
西北干旱区雨量站点稀少且分布不均,为水文过程研究带来一定困难。TRMM遥感降水数据覆盖范围广、时空分辨率高,是很有潜力的降水替代品,但其在西北干旱区应用的可靠性需要评价。对TRMM网格降水量与地面实测降水量在日尺度和月尺度上进行比较,通过FBI(frequency bias index)、POD(probability of detection)、FAR(false alarm ratio)、偏差和相关系数等指标分析TRMM对降水的探测能力。结果表明:TRMM对降水的探测能力因区域、海拔和冷暖季而异,月时间尺度上TRMM对降水事件的发生频率和降水量的估计比日时间尺度更为准确,但二者探测能力都非常有限;76个格点中,日降水的[FBI]值都远离最优值1,POD值和FAR值则分别在0.72以下和0.37以上,离最优值较远,相关系数几乎都在0.4以下,只有14个格点的偏差在±10%之间,其余格点最大偏差高达389%。最多有9个格点的月降水[FBI]值达最优,14个格点的POD值达最优,24个格点的FAR值达最优,67个格点的相关系数在0.4以上,14个格点的偏差在±10%之间,只有极少数格点的全部指标都在可接受范围之内,多数站点是某些指标达最优值,而某些指标在可接受范围之外。总体来讲,TRMM遥感降水数据在西北干旱区难以直接应用,需要进一步纠正处理。  相似文献   

2.
全球降水计划IMERG和GSMaP反演降水在四川地区的精度评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
曾岁康  雍斌 《地理学报》2019,74(7):1305-1318
IMERG和GSMaP是全球降水计划(GPM)时代最主要的高分辨率降水产品。为研究其在中国四川地区的适用性,以中国气象局提供的自动气象站融合降水数据为参考基准,采用6种统计指数分析了IMERG(IMERG_Uncal, IMERG_Cal)和GSMaP(GSMaP_MVK, GSMaP_Gauge)系列产品在四川的误差特征。结果表明:① 在日和小时尺度上,GSMaP系列产品均高估地面降水观测,GSMaP_MVK高估最显著,校正产品GSMaP_Gauge的相关系数(CC)、相对偏差(BIAS)和均方根误差(RMSE)较GSMaP_MVK均有较大提高,尤其对川西高原降水的高估现象改善明显,而IMERG_Uncal存在低估川西高原降水、轻微高估四川盆地降水的问题,校正产品IMERG_Cal一定程度上降低了对川西高原降水的低估现象,但整体精度(CC, RMSE)提高不明显。② IMERG系列产品对降水事件的探测准确性更好,GSMaP_Gauge虽然在四川表现出较高的命中率(POD),但存在较多的误报降水,在盆地和四川南部各产品均表现出较高的POD和关键成功指数(CSI)以及低误报率(FAR),而四川西北部表现最差,尤其是在无自动站分布地区。③ 4套降水产品中,IMERG_Cal表现出最好的探测强降水和弱降水的能力,具有一定的监测极端降水的潜力。总体上,IMERG和GSMaP在盆地的反演精度优于高原山区,校正产品精度优于纯卫星产品,不同地形地区精度差异明显,表明对卫星降水产品进行不同地形误差订正仍是未来降水反演工作的重点和难点。  相似文献   

3.
TRMM降水数据在中天山区域的精度评估分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
季漩  罗毅 《干旱区地理》2013,36(2):253-262
 遥感降水产品能反映降水的时空分布变化,对于资料稀缺的西北干旱区生态水文研究有重大意义。TRMM卫星降水资料在热带湿润地区有大量应用,但要将其用于我国西北干旱半干旱气候地区,还需对该数据产品在质量进行评估。选择干旱区内陆的新疆天山中部为研究区,并以周边15个台站的实测数据为依据对TRMM3B42降水数据质量进行评价。结果表明:(1)TRMM3B42数据对日降水事件的估计准确率较低,但是总体上暖季好于冷季,相对于较大的降水,对发生量小的降水估计更为准确;在暖季高估量小降水,低估量大降水,冷季则相反;(2)月降水情况来看,天山南坡两站与北坡的规律不符;对北坡山区降水估计的精度好于平原区,并且精度与海拔呈抛物线分布,降水越大的区域精度越高;偏差量的年内分布在各海拔区域之内一致性较好,但区域之间规律各有特点;(3)从年降水量来看,TRMM降水整体低于站点观测值,并且差量随着高程具有抛物线分布的特征。总之,该降水产品的质量总体上不高,但是其偏差在时间和空间上具有一定的规律性,该数据在干旱区的应用需要进一步校准处理。  相似文献   

4.
王圆圆  郭徵  李贵才  郭兆迪 《地理学报》2017,72(7):1207-1220
高精度、长时间序列、空间连续的降水产品是气候分析、水文模拟等众多研究领域中的重要输入。近期欧洲研究人员融合了3种不同类型的降水数据:站点观测、遥感产品、再分析资料,制作了全球1979-2014年3小时一次0.25°空间分辨率的降水产品(Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, MSWEP),凭借高时空分辨率及其对多源信息的挖掘和融合,该产品一经发布即受到广泛关注。本文利用三峡库区及附近地区气象站点的降水资料对MSWEP月降水数据进行评估,采用广义加性模型算法(General Additive Model,GAM)融合站点降水空间插值结果和MSWEP产品,对三峡库区融合后降水进行分析。主要结论为:① 降水估算精度呈现冬春季偏高、夏秋季偏低的特征,MSWEP产品与站点插值方法具有互补性,前者对夏秋季降水估算精度更高,后者对冬春季降水估算精度更高;② GAM算法可以充分发挥站点插值和MSWEP数据各自的优势,提高区域降水估算精度,与融合前相比,均方根误差减少了17%~50%,相关系数r提高了10%~30%;③ 2003年库区蓄水前后降水变化的主要特征有:库区中部长江以南地区汛期降水(5-10月)下降,库区西部干季(1-4月,11-12月)降水增加,库区外围西北部(大巴山地区)汛期降水增加,降水空间格局异质性增加,干季降水占全年降水比例升高。  相似文献   

5.
孙赫  苏凤阁 《地理科学进展》2020,39(7):1126-1139
论文对比分析了1980—2016年基于站点插值降水数据CMA(China Meteorological Administration)和APHRODITE(Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation)、卫星遥感降水数据PERSIANN-CDR(Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network-Climate Data Record)和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)、大气再分析数据GLDAS(Global Land Data Assimilation System)以及区域气候模式输出数据HAR(High Asia Refined analysis)在雅鲁藏布江7个子流域的降水时空描述,利用国家气象站点数据对各套降水数据进行单点验证,并以这6套降水数据驱动VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)大尺度陆面水文模型反向评估了各套降水产品在雅鲁藏布江各子流域径流模拟中的应用潜力。结果表明:① PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS年均降水量最高(770~790 mm),其次是HAR和GPM(650~660 mm),CMA和APHRODITE年均降水量最低(460~500 mm)。除GPM外,其他降水产品在各子流域都能表现季风流域的降水特征,约70%~90%的年降水量集中在6—9月份。② 除PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS外,其他降水产品皆捕捉到流域降水自东南向西北递减的空间分布特征。其中,HAR数据空间分辨率最高,表现出更详细的流域内部降水空间分布特征。③ 与对应网格内的国家气象站降水数据对比显示,APHRODITE、GPM和HAR降水整体低估(低估10%~30%),且严重低估的站点主要集中在下游(低估40%~120%)。PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS整体表现为高估上游流域站点降水(高估28%~60%),但低估下游流域站点降水(低估11%~21%)。④ 在流域径流模拟上,当前的6套降水产品在精度或时段上仍无法满足水文模型模拟的需求。⑤ 通过水文模型反向评估,6套降水产品中区域气候模式输出的HAR在流域平均降水量和季节分配上更合理。  相似文献   

6.
以黄淮海平原为研究区,基于59个气象站点的逐月降水数据,采用相关系数(R)、相对误差(BIAS)和均方根误差(RMSE)对TRMM 3B43降水产品的精度进行系统评估,揭示黄淮海平原降水的时空变化规律。研究表明:① TRMM 3B43产品对研究区内大部分气象站点存在轻微高估现象,总体上TRMM产品和站点数据在黄淮海平原的拟合效果较好,且月尺度的精度较年尺度高;② 1998—2016年黄淮海平原年降水和秋季降水增加明显,其余季节降水呈不同程度的减少趋势;③ 研究区降水在空间上呈从南到北递减的趋势,且南北降水差距较大。研究结果为卫星降水产品在中纬度地区水资源评估、农业生产和洪旱灾害等研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

7.
利用内蒙古地区2001~2010年42个站点实测降水数据作为“真值”,采用LOO(Leave-One-Out)交叉验证、多元逐步回归等方法,构建TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)降水数据与地形及气候等要素之间的多元回归关系,在此基础上,利用回归值+残差值的方法,获得空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的TRMM年降水数据,并对降尺度TRMM数据进行精度检验。研究表明: TRMM数据可用于区域年降水量估计,且与实测年降水量呈显著线性关系;通过建立不同年份、不同空间分辨率TRMM数据与其它遥感数据的多元统计模型,研究发现在中尺度下TRMM与观测年降水数据拟合效果较好,且在空间分辨率为0.50°×0.50°时的拟合效果最好;降尺度分析提高了TRMM数据对研究区降水时空特征的描述能力,确定性系数、标准误差和偏差均有明显改善,表明降尺度算法在将TRMM降水数据空间分辨率提高到1 km×1 km的同时,并能提高降水数据的精度。  相似文献   

8.
为了优化生物光学模型中的悬浮物后向散射模型系数(bbx)和双向反射因子(f/Q),基于珠江口、韩江河口、徐闻珊瑚礁保护区实测数据(遥感反射率、叶绿素a质量浓度、悬浮物质量浓度、CDOM吸收系数),采用模拟退火算法同时优化了bbx以及f/Q(N=43),并开发了生物光学正演模型(N=22)。文章优化的f/Q为0.104 9,悬浮物在参考波长531 nm处后向散射系数bbx为0.268×[TSS]0.295。通过输入实测的水质数据模拟出531 nm处的遥感反射率,并外推到其他波段(412、443、490、551、667 nm)。模拟得到的531 nm处遥感反射率与实测值的均方根误差RMSE=0.000 8,N=22,除了模拟的667 nm处遥感反射率误差较大外(RMSE=0.003 6,N=22),其他波段都具有较好的精度(RMSE<0.002 3)。结果表明,该研究区与其他研究区(如黄、东海)的bbx和f/Q不一致,这2个参数需要根据研究区的数据进行优化。验证结果说明迭代优化的bbx以及f/Q能够适用于广东近岸河口生物光学参数模拟。  相似文献   

9.
结合新疆的65个气象观测站日降水数据,采用连续验证统计方法、分类验证统计方法对RFE2.0遥感降水数据在新疆的适用性进行了评估。结果表明:(1)通过连续验证统计分析,新疆地区平均偏差MBE (Mean Bias Error)总体对日降水量高估,均值为0.4 mm,在0.5 mm内的站点超过70%。RFE2.0遥感降水数据与地面观测站的日降水量之间相关系数R的平均值为0.4,表现为较低的相关性。从偏离真实值情况来说,东疆模拟值和观测值最接近。(2)分类验证统计方法对降水事件FBI (Frequency Bias Index)有所高估。按片区来说,降水事件高估的小值区主要在北疆,高估程度低于全疆平均水平。北疆的正确率POD (Probability of Detection)大于南疆、东疆,同时北疆发生空报率FAR (False Alarm Rate)的可能性也小于南疆、东疆。(3)通过实例验证了RFE2.0在北疆、南疆、东疆的可靠性。以上规律可为RFE2.0在新疆的应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
降水是水热循环以及气候变化研究的重要环节,降水资料的准确与否直接影响流域尺度的水文过程研究。本文基于2000-2015年天山南坡阿克苏河流域气象站点观测降水数据,对比分析了Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)降水数据集和Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS)两种具有代表性的降水格网数据集在阿克苏河流域的适用性。结果表明:TRMM3B43数据在阿克苏河流域的整体表现优于GLDAS-2数据。两种数据的精度在月尺度上表现最优,相关系数分别为0.938和0.901,通过了0.01的显著性检验;在季节尺度,TRMM3B43数据各季节与站点插值的拟合度要优于GLDAS-2数据,但二者均呈现出高估冷季降水而低估暖季降水的趋势;在年尺度上,两种数据表现较差。在空间分布上,两种数据类型均能够反映出阿克苏河流域降水自西北向东南递减的空间分布趋势。并且两种数据在平原区的表现均优于山区,低估高海拔地区降水而高估低海拔地区的降水。  相似文献   

11.
Accurate rainfall distribution is difficult to acquire based on limited meteorological stations, especially in remote areas like high mountains and deserts. The Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions (including the Qilian Mountains and the Alxa Plateau) are typical districts where there are only 30 available rain gauges. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data provide a possible solution. After precision analysis of monthly 0.25 degree resolution TRMM 3B43 data from 1998 to 2012, we find that the correlations between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge precipitation are significant overall and in each station around the Hexi Corridor; however, the biases of annual precipitation differ in different stations and are seriously overestimated in most of the sites. Thus, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was used to rectify TRMM data based on the difference between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge observations. The results show that rectified TRMM data present more details than rain gauges in remote areas where there are few stations, alt- hough they show high coherence of distribution. Precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest on an annual and seasonal scale. There are three rainfall centers (〉500 mm) including Menyuan, Qilian and Toson Lake, and two low rain- fall centers (〈50 mm) including Dunhuang and Ejin Banner. Meanwhile, precipitation in most of the study area presents an increasing trend; especially in northern Qilian Mountains (〉5 mm/a), Badain Jaran Desert (〉2 mm/a), Toson Lake (〉20 mm/a) and Qingtu Lake (〉20 ram/a) which shows a significant increasing trend, while precipitation in Hala Lake (〈-2 mm/a) and Tengger Desert (〈-3 mm/a) demonstrates a decreasing trend.  相似文献   

12.
基于GWR模型的陕西秦巴山区TRMM降水数据降尺度研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用TRMM降水数据,进行国内典型区域降尺度相关研究,可弥补应用气象站点数据研究带来的局限。以陕西秦巴山区为研究区,基于TRMM降水数据和NDVI数据,应用GWR模型和比例指数,获得GWR年、月降尺度数据并进行检验,最后分析地形对降尺度结果的影响。结果表明:获得的1 km分辨率的GWR降尺度降水数据,具有较强的细节表现能力;降尺度数据与实测降水数据年尺度上相关系数为0.88,月为0.93,相关性较好;与TRMM原始数据对比,降尺度结果降水值略小,整体低估降水;区内秦岭山地GWR降尺度结果精度变化幅度最小,相似地形条件下,海拔越高,GWR降尺度结果表现越好;采用GWR模型进行秦巴山区TRMM降水数据的降尺度研究,具有较强的适用性。  相似文献   

13.
Precipitation in semi-arid countries such as Iran is one of the most important elements for all aspects of human life. In areas with sparse ground-based precipitation observation networks, the reliable high spatial and temporal resolution of satellite-based precipitation estimation might be the best source for meteorological and hydrological studies. In the present study, four different satellite rainfall estimates (CMORPH, PERSIANN, adjusted PERSIANN, and TRMM-3B42 V6) are evaluated using a relatively dense Islamic Republic of Iran's Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) rain-gauge network as reference. These evaluations were done at daily and monthly time scales with a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° latitude/longitude. The topography of Iran is complicated and includes different, very diverse climates. For example, there is an extremely wet (low-elevation) Caspian Sea coastal region in the north, an arid desert in the center, and high mountainous areas in the west and north. Different rainfall regimes vary between these extremes. In order to conduct an objective intercomparison of the various satellite products, the study was designed to minimize the level of uncertainties in the evaluation process. To reduce gauge uncertainties, only the 32 pixels, which include at least five rain gauges, are considered. Evaluation results vary by different areas. The satellite products had a Probability of Detection (POD) greater than 40% in the southern part of the country and the regions of the Zagros Mountains. However, all satellite products exhibited poor performance over the Caspian Sea coastal region, where they underestimated precipitation in this relatively wet and moderate climate region. Seasonal analysis shows that spring precipitations are detected more accurately than winter precipitation, especially for the mountainous areas all over the country. Comparisons of different satellite products show that adj-PERSIANN and TRMM-3B42 V6 have better performance, and CMORPH has poor estimation, especially over the Zagros Mountains. The comparison between PERSIANN and adj-PERSIANN shows that the bias adjustment improved the POD, which is a daily scale statistic.  相似文献   

14.
Precipitation in the arid region of Northwest China (NWC) shows high spatial and temporal variability,in large part because of the region's complex topography and moisture conditions.However,rain gauges in the area are sparse,and most are located at altitudes below 2000 m,which limits our understanding of precipitation at higher altitudes.Interpolated precipitation products and satellite-based datasets with high spatiotemporal resolution can potentially be a substitute for rain gauge data.In this study,the spatial and temporal proper-ties of precipitation in the arid region of NWC were analyzed using two gridded precipitation products:SURF_CLI_CHN_PRE_DAY_GRID_0.5 (CHN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43.The CHN and TRMM 3B43 data showed that in summer,precipitation was more concentrated in southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang,and the opposite was true in winter.The largest difference in precipitation between mountainous areas and plains appeared in summer.High-elevation areas with high precipitation showed more stable annual precipitation.Different sub-regions showed distinctive precipitation distributions with elevation,and both datasets showed that the maximum precipitation zone appeared at high altitude.  相似文献   

15.
1961—2015年中国降水面积变化特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
基于中国0.5°×0.5°逐月与逐日降水量网格数据集,采用线性趋势、克里金插值(Kriging)、森斜率等方法,分析1961—2015年中国3个自然区的降水量和降水面积的变化特征。结果表明:(1) 中国1961—2015年年均和季节平均降水量呈现由东南沿海向西北内陆递减的空间分布特征,中国一半以上的地区年均和四季降水量呈增加趋势。(2) 日变化特征上,东部季风区、西北干旱区和青藏高寒区均以小雨和中雨为主,其日降水面积多年平均值分别为:1 112.75×103 km2、52.65×103 km2,1 380.57×103 km2、92.83×103 km2,1 253.9×103 km2、34.3×103 km2,暴雨和大暴雨占的面积较小;三个区域不同等级日降水面积年内变化均符合二次函数曲线,三个区小雨日平均降水面积年际变化均呈略微减少趋势,青藏高寒区和西北干旱区大雨、暴雨和大暴雨均呈略微增加趋势,大暴雨整体波动较大。(3) 季节变化特征上,三个区四季均以小雨为主,暴雨和大暴雨所占面积较少。春季和秋季三个区小雨降水面积均呈减少趋势,春季和夏季三个区暴雨降水面积均呈增加趋势,冬季三个区中雨和大雨降水面积呈增加趋势。(4) 东部季风区春季和秋季,西北干旱区年均和四季,青藏高寒区春季、秋季和冬季不同等级降水量对应的降水面积均符合负指数分布规律。km2  相似文献   

16.
Multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation (MSWEP) is one of the most popular merged global precipitation products with long-term spanning and high spatial resolution. While various studies have acknowledged its ability to accurately estimate precipitation in terms of temporal dynamics, its performance regarding spatial pattern and extreme rainfall is overlooked. To fill this knowledge gap, the daily precipitation of two versions of MSWEP (MSWEP V2.1 & V2.2) are compared with that of three representative satellite- and reanalysis-based products, namely the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42 V7), the climate prediction center morphing technique satellite-gauge merged product (CMORPH BLD), and the fifth-generation reanalysis product of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5). The comparison is made according to the dense daily rainfall observations from 539 rain gauges over the Huaihe River Basin in China during 2006-2015. The results show that MSWEP V2.1, MSWEP V2.2 and CMORPH BLD have better performance on temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation, followed by ERA5 and TRMM 3B42 V7. MSWEPs yield the most even spatial distribution across the basin since it takes full advantage of the multi datasets. As the weighted-ensemble method is independently carried out on each grid in MSWEPs, the spatial distribution of local precipitation is changed by different source data, which results in that MSWEPs perform worse than CMORPH BLD in terms of the representation of precipitation spatial pattern. In addition, the capability of MSWEPs to describe the spatial structure in the rainy season is lower than that in the dry season. Strong precipitation (≥100 mm/d) events are better represented in TRMM 3B42 V7 products than in MSWEPs. Finally, based on the comparison results, we suggest to improve the merging algorithm of MSWEP by considering the precipitation spatial self-correlation and adjusting the merging weights based on the performance of the source datasets under different precipitation intensities.  相似文献   

17.
卫星遥感观测技术的不断发展,为全球降水准确定量观测提供新的手段,应用卫星降水产品的前提是进行地区的适用性评价。为了解卫星降水产品评价的研究现状和热点,以Web of Sci?ence数据库核心合集中1998—2020年752篇文献作为研究对象,利用文献计量和网络分析的方法剖析卫星降水产品评价研究的演变趋势、合作关系和研究热点,以此来了解该领域的前沿进展。结果表明:该领域的研究论文发文量和引文量不断增长,且2015年开始高被引论文显著增多。美国、中国和德国是该领域的主要发文国家,美国和中国占到世界总发文量的76.2%,中国科学院是全球该领域发文量最大的学术机构,占到发文总量的11.6%。基于卫星降水数据在复杂地形区的多时空尺度评价、极端降水事件分析、大尺度干旱评价等是该领域的主要研究方向;典型的研究区包括青藏高原、拉普拉塔流域等。基于卫星降水数据在无资料地区的水文过程模拟、结合人工智能方法进行气候变化模拟、气象预报和预测等是该领域未来研究方向和热点。  相似文献   

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